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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Application of evalutionary approach to thermodynamical optimization of gas turbine airfoil cooling configuration
    Autorzy:
    Nowak, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240622.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    algorytmy ewolucyjne
    optymalizacja
    płaty turbiny
    airfoil cooling
    evolutionary algorithm
    optimization
    turbine airfoil
    Opis:
    Cooling of the hot gas path components plays a key role in modern gas turbines. It allows, due to efficiency reasons, to operate the machines with temperature exceeding components. melting point. The cooling system however brings about some disadvantages as well. If so, we need to enforce the positive effects of cooling and diminish the drawbacks, which influence the reliability of components and the whole machine. To solve such a task we have to perform an optimization which makes it possible to reach the desired goal. The task is approached in the 3D configuration. The search process is performed by means of the evolutionary approach with floating-point representation of design variables. Each cooling structure candidate is evaluated on the basis of thermo-mechanical FEM computations done with Ansys via automatically generated script file. These computations are parallelized. The results are compared with the reference case which is the C3X airfoil and they show a potential stored in the cooling system. Appropriate passage distribution makes it possible to improve the operation condition for highly loaded components. Application of evolutionary approach, although most suitable for such problems, is time consuming, so more advanced approach (Conjugate Heat Transfer) requires huge computational power. The analysis is based on original procedure which involves optimization of size and location of internal cooling passages of cylindrical shape within the airfoil. All the channels can freely move within the airfoil cross section and also their number can change. Such a procedure is original.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2010, 31, 2; 3-20
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identification of unmeasured variables in the set of model constraints of the data reconciliation in a power unit
    Autorzy:
    Szega, M.
    Nowak, G. T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240163.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    mathematical modeling
    empirical characteristics
    data reconciliation
    modelowanie matematyczne
    charakterystyka empiryczna
    rachunek wyrównawczy
    Opis:
    In generalized method of data reconciliation as equations of conditions beside substance and energy balances can be used equations which don't have precisely the status of conservation lows. Empirical coefficients in these equations are traded as unknowns' values. To this kind of equations, in application of the generalized method of data reconciliation in supercritical power unit, can be classified: steam flow capacity of a turbine for a group of stages, adiabatic internal efficiency of group of stages, equations for pressure drop in pipelines and equations for heat transfer in regeneration heat exchangers. Mathematical model of a power unit was developed in the code Thermoflex. Using this model the off-design calculation has been made in several points of loads for the power unit. Using these calculations identification of unknown values and empirical coefficients for generalized method of data reconciliation used in power unit has been made. Additional equations of conditions will be used in the generalized method of data reconciliation which will be used in optimization of measurement placement in redundant measurement system in power unit for new control systems.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2013, 34, 4; 235-245
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reconfiguration of Point Defects in FCC and HCP Metals at Initial Stage of Recovery Process
    Rekonfiguracja struktury defektów sieciowych w początkowym stadium zdrowienia metali o sieci RSC I HZ
    Autorzy:
    Boczkal, G.
    Perek-Nowak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353727.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    FCC metals
    hcp metals
    point defects
    resistivity measurements
    metale RSC
    metale HZ
    defekty punktowe
    pomiary rezystywności
    Opis:
    The conducted studies regarded the analysis of change of structure of point defects occurring during initial stage of recovery of FCC (Al, Cu) and HCP (Ti, Mg and Zn) metals at temperature close to Th =0.5Tm. The changes in resistivity of the deformed and later recovered samples were measured. The recovery time was 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 min. The observed changes were correlated with reorganization of arrangement of lattice defects during annealing.
    Przeprowadzone badania dotyczyły analizy zmian struktury defektów sieciowych, zachodzących w początkowym okresie zdrowienia metali RSC (Al, Cu) oraz HZ (Ti, Mg oraz Zn) w temperaturze zblizonej do T=0.5 Tm. Badano zmiany oporu właściwego odkształconych próbek poddanych zdrowieniu przy czasach 1, 2, 3, 4 lub 5 min. Obserwowane zmiany skorelowano z reorganizacja struktury defektów sieciowych podczas wyżarzania. Uzyskane wyniki pokazały, że w przypadku metali o sieci RSC spadek oporności właściwej w funkcji czasu zdrowienia maleje monotonicznie, co świadczy o postępującej anihilacji defektów strukturalnych. Dla sieci HZ stwierdzono, że zmiany te mają charakter oscylacyjny z minimum występującym po czasie około 1-2 min. Świadczy to o rekonfiguracji defektów sieciowych i tworzeniu się w początkowym stadium zdrowienia złożonych, niestabilnych termodynamicznie struktur (układy wakancji, petle, zarodki dyslokacji), które powodują chwilowy efekt oczyszczenia struktury i w konsekwencji spadek oporu właściwego poniżej poziomu właściwego dla struktury całkowicie poddanej zdrowieniu, charakteryzującej się równowagową koncentracją wakancji.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 4; 1321-1325
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Formation of Transition Phases on Interface between Monocrystalline Fe and Cu Due to Mutual Solid-State Diffusion
    Autorzy:
    Perek-Nowak, M.
    Boczkal, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351905.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    copper single crystals
    iron single crystal
    transition phase
    solid-state diffusion
    Opis:
    Interdiffusion between Fe (Armco) and Cu single crystals of similar orientation (around [110]) annealed at temperatures of 873 and 973K in air for 0.5 up to 4 h is studied. Formation of three phases different in their chemical composition has been observed: 1) oxide layer on Cu border (porous), 2) a layer rich in copper, iron and oxygen, 3) a layer of iron and oxygen with only small addition of Cu. All reactions of interface formation occurred in solid state. It was noted that oxygen plays an important role in development of new phases. Strong Kirkendall effect is observed due to large difference in diffusion coefficients of copper atoms to iron, DCu→Fe=300exp(-67800/RT) and iron atoms to copper DCu→Fe=0.091exp(-46140/RT).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2A; 581-586
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Joining of Low-Carbon Steel Sheets with Al-Based Weld
    Autorzy:
    Boczkal, G.
    Perek-Nowak, M.
    Majewska, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353774.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    resistance welding
    Al/Fe interface
    shear test
    Opis:
    The analysis of the connection steel/Al/steel made by resistance welding was performed. The used low-carbon steel had low content of carbon and other elements, aluminum was of 99.997 wt.% Al purity. Formation of various FeAl intermetallic phases found in the phase diagram depending on the duration of the process was analyzed. Two distinctively different types of structure depending on time of welding were observed: 1) hypoeutectic structure for samples processed for 5 s, and 2) eutectic structure for samples processed for 10 s and more. The shear test showed increase of mechanical properties of the connection for the samples welded 10 s.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 1; 37-42
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of soldering conditions on conductivity, structure and strength of Cu/Sn96Ag4 solders
    Wpływ warunków lutowania na przewodność, strukturę oraz wytrzymałość połączeń Cu/Sn96Ag4
    Autorzy:
    Boczkal, G.
    Marecki, P.
    Perek-Nowak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354913.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lutowanie bezołowiowe
    właściwości elektryczne
    fazy międzymetaliczne
    lead-free solder
    electrical properties
    intermetallic phases
    Opis:
    In the paper the electrical properties of the Cu/Sn96Ag4 solders were studied. The studied solders were produced at 200, 220 and 250°C and within time range 3 to 90 s. Soldering temperatures were chosen to assure the best soldering conditions for the Cu/Sn96Ag4 alloy. The most appropriate temperature of 200°C is the one just above the melting point. The temperature of 250°C is the maximal one recommended by producers, which can be applied for the electronic elements during soldering. The studies have shown that the best electrical properties and tensile strength Rm have samples soldered at times 3 and 30 s, while the highest specific resistance together with the lowest Rm value are observed for samples soldered at the time of 10 s. The soldering temperature have small influence on the strength of the connection/bond however it shows significant affect on the electrical properties.
    W pracy badano własności elektryczne i mechaniczne połączeń lutowanych Cu/Sn96Ag4. Badane połączenia wykonywano przy temperaturach 200, 220 i 250°C oraz przy czasach lutowania z zakresu od 3 do 90 s. Temperatury lutowania zostały dobrane pod kątem warunków w jakich może być prowadzony proces lutowania przy użyciu stopu Cu/Sn96Ag4. Odpowiednia temperatura 200°C jest tuż powyżej punktu topnienia, a więc najniższa możliwa do zastosowania. Temperatura 250°C jest maksymalną zalecaną przez producentów temperaturą, którą mogą wytrzymać elementy elektroniczne podczas lutowania. Badania wykazały, że najlepsze własności elektryczne oraz wytrzymałość na rozciąganie Rm wykazują próbki lutowane przy czasach 3 i 30 s, natomiast najwyższy opór właściwy połączony z najniższą wartością Rm zaobserwowano dla próbek lutowanych w czasie 10s. Temperatura lutowania ma niewielki wpływ na wytrzymałość połączenia natomiast w istotny sposób wpływa na własności elektryczne.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 1; 33-37
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Usefulness of foundry tooling materials in microwave heating process
    Możliwości zastosowania w procesie nagrzewania mikrofalowego materialów do budowy oprzyrządowania odlewniczego
    Autorzy:
    Granat, K.
    Opyd, B
    Nowak, D.
    Stachowicz, M.
    Jaworski, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355918.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    microwaves
    permittivity
    loss tangent
    loss factor
    foundry tooling
    mikrofale
    przenikalność
    tangens kąta stratności
    współczynnik stratności
    oprzyrządowanie odlewnicze
    Opis:
    The paper describes preliminary examinations on establishing usefulness criteria of foundry tooling materials in the microwave heating technology. Presented are measurement results of permittivity and loss tangent that determine behaviour of the materials in electromagnetic field. The measurements were carried-out in a waveguide resonant cavity that permits precise determination the above-mentioned parameters by perturbation technique. Examined were five different materials designed for use in foundry tooling. Determined was the loss factor that permits evaluating usefulness of materials in microwave heating technology. It was demonstrated that the selected plastics meet the basic criterion that is transparency for electromagnetic radiation.
    W pracy podjęto wstępne badania nad ustaleniem kryteriów oceny przydatności materiałów do budowy oprzyrządowania odlewniczego, przewidzianego do zastosowania w technologii nagrzewania mikrofalowego. Przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów przenikalności elektrycznej oraz tangensa kąta stratności, które określają zachowanie materiałów w polu elektromagnetycznym. Pomiary przeprowadzono na stanowisku falowodowej wnęki rezonansowej, która umożliwia precyzyjne wyznaczenie metodą perturbacyjną wymienionych parametrów. Badaniom poddano piec różnych materiałów przewidzianych do zastosowania w budowie oprzyrządowania odlewniczego. Określono współczynnik stratności, który pozwala, na ocenę przydatności materiałów w technologii nagrzewania mikrofalowego. Wykazano, że wybrane tworzywa sztuczne spełniają podstawowe kryterium, jakim jest transparentność dla promieniowania elektromagnetycznego.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2013, 58, 3; 919-922
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Composite zones produced in situ in the Ni3Al phase
    Autorzy:
    Olejnik, E.
    Janas, A.
    Sikora, G.
    Tokarski, T.
    Nowak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379777.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    composite layer
    Ni3Al
    cast intermetallic
    in situ
    synthesis TiC carbides
    warstwa kompozytowa
    węglik TiC
    Opis:
    The study presents the results of research on the development of composite zones in castings based on the intermetallic phase of Ni3Al. Composite zones were obtained by placing packets with substrates for the reaction of titanium carbide in a foundry mould. To provide a variable carbides content in the composite zone, two compositions of the packets were prepared. The first packet contained only substrates for the reaction of TiC synthesis; the second one also contained a filler. The resulting composite zones in castings were examined for the filler effect on changes in the volume fraction, size and morphology of carbides in the zone. In addition, the effect of filler on the mechanical properties of the zone was verified, observing changes of Vickers hardness in this area. It was found that the presence of filler in the composition of the packet for synthesis reduced the content of carbides, as well as their size and morphology. Lower surface content of carbides reduced hardness of the zone, which enabled smooth control of the mechanical properties. At the same time, the use of the selected filler did not disturb the course of the TiC carbide synthesis.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 1; 107-112
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determination of Moisture Content in Synthetic Moulding Sand on the Grounds of Relative Permittivity Measurement
    Autorzy:
    Nowak, D.
    Gal, B.
    Granat, K.
    Jaworski, G.
    Więcławek, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352740.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    moisture content
    moulding sands
    relative permittivity
    microwaves
    Opis:
    The presented research was aimed at searching for an exact and effective method of determining moisture content in traditional moulding sands. By measuring resonance frequency and quality factor of a waveguide resonance cavity, relative permittivity was determined for different synthetic moulding sands. Analysis of the presented results confirms a linear relation between relative permittivity values and moisture content values in the selected traditional moulding sands. The obtained linear relationship can be used as a reference characteristic for evaluation of humidity of moulding sand.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2189-2192
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Acoustic absorption of a new class of alumina foams with various high-porosity levels
    Autorzy:
    Zieliński, T. G.
    Potoczek, M.
    Śliwa, R. E.
    Nowak, Ł. J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177924.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    sound absorption
    porous materials
    alumina foam
    Opis:
    Recently, a new class of ceramic foams with porosity levels up to 90% has been developed as a result of the association of the gelcasting process and aeration of the ceramic suspension. This paper presents and discusses original results advertising sound absorbing capabilities of such foams. The authors man- ufactured three types of alumina foams in order to investigate three porosity levels, namely: 72, 88, and 90%. The microstructure of foams was examined and typical dimensions and average sizes of cells (pores) and cell-linking windows were found for each porosity case. Then, the acoustic absorption coefficient was measured in a wide frequency range for several samples of various thickness cut out from the foams. The results were discussed and compared with the acoustic absorption of typical polyurethane foams proving that the alumina foams with high porosity of 88-90% have excellent sound absorbing properties competitive with the quality of sound absorbing PU foams of higher porosity.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Acoustics; 2013, 38, 4; 495-502
    0137-5075
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Acoustics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Effect of Oxygen Staging on Nitrogen Conversion in Oxy-Fuel CFB Environment
    Autorzy:
    Jankowska, S.
    Czakiert, T.
    Krawczyk, G.
    Borecki, P.
    Jesionowski, Ł.
    Nowak, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185424.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    paliwo tlenowe
    CFB
    oxy-fuel
    fuel-N
    Opis:
    This paper presents a study on nitrogen conversion in oxy-fuel coal combustion in a pilot scale CFB 0.1 MWth facility. The paper is focused on fuel-N behaviour in the combustion chamber when the combustion process is accomplished under oxy-fuel CFB conditions. The analysis is based on infurnace sampling of flue gas and calculations of the conversion ratios of fuel-nitrogen (fuel-N) to NO, NO2, N2O, NH3 and HCN. For the tests, O2/CO2 mixtures with the oxygen content of 21 vol.% (primary gas) and with the oxygen content varied from 21 to 35 vol.% (secondary gas), were used as the fluidising gas. Measurements were carried out in 4 control points located along the combustion chamber: 0.43 m, 1.45 m, 2.50 m and 4.88 m. Results presented below indicate that an increased oxygen concentration in the higher part of the combustion chamber has strong influence on the behaviour of fuel based nitrogen compounds.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2014, 35, 4; 489-496
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Retrospective analysis of co - occurrence of congenital aortic stenosis and pulmonary artery stenosis in dogs
    Autorzy:
    Kander, M.
    Paslawska, U.
    Staszczyk, M.
    Ciepiel, A.
    Paslawski, R.
    Mazur, G.
    Noszczyk-Nowak, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30332.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Opis:
    The study has focused on the retrospective analysis of cases of coexisting congenital aortic stenosis (AS) and pulmonary artery stenosis (PS) in dogs. The research included 5463 dogs which were referred for cardiological examination (including clinical examination, ECG and echocardiography) between 2004 and 2014. Aortic stenosis and PS stenosis were detected in 31 dogs. This complex defect was the most commonly diagnosed in Boxers – 7 dogs, other breeds were represented by: 4 cross-breed dogs, 2 Bichon Maltais, 3 Miniature Pinschers, 2 Bernese Mountain Dogs, 2 French Bulldogs, and individuals of following breeds: Bichon Frise, Bull Terrier, Czech Wolfdog, German Shepherd, Hairless Chinese Crested Dog, Miniature Schnauzer, Pug, Rottweiler, Samoyed, West Highland White Terrier and Yorkshire Terrier. In all the dogs, the murmurs could be heard, graded from 2 to 5 (on a scale of 1-6). Besides, in 9 cases other congenital defects were diagnosed: patent ductus arteriosus, mitral valve dysplasia, pulmonary or aortic valve regurgitation, tricuspid valvedysplasia, ventricular or atrial septal defect. The majority of the dogs suffered from pulmonary valvular stenosis (1 dog had supravalvular pulmonary artery stenosis) and subvalvular aortic stenosis (2 dogs had valvular aortic stenosis). Conclusions and clinical relevance – co-occurrence of AS and PS is the most common complex congenital heart defect. Boxer breed was predisposed to this complex defect. It was found that coexisting AS and PS is more common in male dogs and the degree of PS and AS was mostly similar.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2015, 18, 4
    1505-1773
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Archaeometallurgical Investigations of the Early Iron Age Casting Workshop at Kamieniec. A Preliminary Study
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz-Klempka, A.
    Kowalski, Ł.
    Kozana, J.
    Gackowski, J.
    Perek-Nowak, M.
    Szczepańska, G.
    Piękoś, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383062.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    non-destructive testing
    investment casting
    X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
    archaeometallurgy
    Lusatian culture
    badania nieniszczące
    odlewnictwo
    promieniowanie rentgenowskie
    kultura łużycka
    Opis:
    (Chełmno land, Poland) as it is reflected through casting workshop recovered during recent excavations. Among ready products, the ones giving evidence of local metallurgy (e.g. casting moulds and main runners) were also identified. With the shrinkage cavities and dendritic microstructures revealed, the artifacts prove the implementing a casting method by the Lusatian culture metalworkers. The elemental composition indicates application of two main types of bronzes: Cu-Sn and Cu-Pb. Aside these main alloying additions, some natural impurities such as silver, arsenic, antimony and nickel were found which may be attributed to the origin of the ore and casting technology. The collection from Kamieniec was described in terms of its structure and composition. The investigations were made by means of the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (EDS) and optical microscopy (OM). In order to fingerprint either local or non-local profile of the alloys, the ED-XRF data-set was statistically evaluated using a factor analysis (FA).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 3; 29-34
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of the Method of Separating Graphene from the Growth Substrate on the Quality of the 2D Material Obtained
    Autorzy:
    Dybowski, K.
    Romaniak, G.
    Kula, P.
    Jeziorna, A.
    Kowalczyk, P.
    Atraszkiewicz, R.
    Kołodziejczyk, Ł.
    Nowak, D.
    Zawadzki, P.
    Kucińska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351974.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    graphene
    polycrystalline graphene
    electrochemical delamination
    chemical etching
    graphene transfer
    Opis:
    This article presents the research results on impact of the method of polycrystalline graphene layers separation from the growth substrate on the obtained carbon material quality. The studies were carried out on graphene sheets obtained by metallurgical method on a liquid metal substrate (HSMG® graphene). The graphene was separated using chemical etching method or the electrochemical delamination method, by separating by means of electrolysis. During electrolysis, hydrogen is emitted on a graphene-covered of cathode (metal growth substrate) as a result of the voltage applied. The graphene layer breaks away from metallic substrate by gas accumulation between them. The results from these separation processes were evaluated by means of different tools, such as SEM, TEM and AFM microscopy as well as Raman Spectroscopy. In summary, the majority of analyses indicate that the graphene obtained as a result of hydrogen delamination possesses higher purity, smaller size and number of defects, its surface is smooth and less developed after the transfer process to the target substrate.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1321-1326
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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