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Tytuł:
Role of carbon in the melting copper processes
Autorzy:
Bydałek, A. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
carbon
copper alloy
melting alloy
węgiel
stop miedzi
stop topliwy
Opis:
In the descriptions of technological processes melting and refining dominates principle of separate character behavior copper alloys in proportion to melting another alloys. Even, as in case of ferrous metals, about similar affinity to undesirable factors. The assumption of these opinions is the pose for main cause dissolubility of carbon in copper alloys and low relation as additional cause in majority these alloys poses as to oxygen. It results from this the row of conception as well as admitting to receive oxidative and the reducing conditions. Carbon in second method complies in direct contact with metal solution mainly . With analysis of thermodynamical factors it results that proprieties of copper and majority of her alloys responsiveness from oxygen at an angle of do not it run away from ferrous metals. The differences result with reason different range of temperatures of processing in liquid state mainly. In the work show, that opinions the leaning on it dissolubilities of carbon can be recognized (and only in approximation) only for copper about large purity. They do not concern it her mostly multiple alloys, at which the majority of alloy additions marks with possibility of creating carbides. Equally important the possibility of creating of carbides of accidental dirts is. The author's investigations show as on presence the even significant contents of carbon in some metallic phaze. The introduced in work analyses' and results of industrial tests investigations arrangement authorize acknowledgeable the reduction conditions diffusive the slag refinement from production the carbon - the nitrogen - the oxygen the for most rational. According to passed by author of model they come the perishable carbides from with easiness subject the dissociation in non - metallic electrolyte, contributively to actuation reductive influence. Introduced and investigation own arguments authorize to conclusion that the technological process of fusion of copper alloys does not it be to characterize in relation with separate guilds to different alloys and should to be to hold on valid in steel - makes principles.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 3 spec.; 37-42
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sedimentation of Copper Droplets after their Coagulation and Growth. Laboratory Scale
Autorzy:
Wołczyński, W.
Bydałek, A. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382005.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innovative foundry technologies
innovative materials
product development
copper droplets suspension
droplets coagulation
droplets solidification
innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
innowacyjne materiały
rozwój produktów
drobinki miedzi
koagulacja
krzepnięcie
Opis:
The suspension of copper droplets in the slag is considered. The copper/slug suspension is delivered as the product from the direct-to-blister process which is applied in the KGHM – Polska Miedź (Polish Copper) S.A. factory. The droplets / slag suspension was treated by a special set of reagents (patented by the authors) to improve the coagulation process. On the other hand, the observations are made to estimate if the melting / reduction process in the furnace is sufficiently effective to avoid a remaining of carbon in the copper droplets. The coagulation process was carried out in the crucible (laboratory scale). However, conditions imposed to the coagulation / solidification process in the laboratory scale were to some extent similar to those applied usually in the industry when the suspension is subjected to the analogous treatment in the electric arc-furnace. Some suggestions are formulated how to improve the industrial direct-to-blister process.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 1; 95-98
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vehicles in motion parameters measurement pre-selection system
System preselekcyjnego pomiaru parametrów pojazdów samochodowych w ruchu
Autorzy:
Mitas, A. W.
Konior, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224253.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
samochody ciężarowe
ważenie preselekcyjne samochodów
pomiar preselekcyjny
pre-selection measurement
heavy vehicles
Opis:
Heavy goods vehicles moving on public roads are driven by people belonging to all walks of society, including those, who for the price paid by others are ready to multiply their own profits. This problem is discussed in the article, in particular in terms of overloading car's. There is pointed out on the technical implications of such actions. Later in the paper are presented the basic assumptions of lorries pre-selection weighting, which could be treated as a potential reason to the implementation of time-consuming exact weighting procedure. The discussion of hardware-software solution of pre-selection weighing systems was related to practical applications in national conditions. The article highlighted the problem of dynamic effects, significantly influencing the process of weighting in motion.
Pojazdy ciężarowe poruszające się po drogach publicznych kierowane są przez ludzi należących do pełnego przekroju społecznego, w tym także takich, którzy za cenę płaconą przez innych są gotowi do pomnażania własnych zysków. Problem ten poruszono w artykule, w szczególności w aspekcie przeciążenia samochodu. Wskazano na skutki techniczne takiego działania. W dalszej części opracowania przedstawiono podstawowe założenia preselekcyjnego ważenia samochodów ciężarowych, stanowiącego przyczynek do wykonania czasochłonnej procedury ważenia dokładnego. Dyskusję rozwiązania sprzętowo-programowego systemów ważenia preselekcyjnego odniesiono do praktycznych aplikacji w warunkach krajowych. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na problematykę dynamicznych efektów, istotnie wpływających na proces ważenia w czasie ruchu pojazdu.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2012, 24, 1; 43-61
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The estimation of quality refining slag for the brass gas-slag refining
Autorzy:
Bydałek, A. W.
Biernat, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382502.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
mosiądz
gaz rafinujący
żużel
DTA
program komputerowy
brass
gas refining
slags
computer program
optimization
Opis:
This article contains information concerning of the analysis the possibility of defining refinery qualities of the slag based thermophysical and thermodynamical data. The paper presents a model of slag refining processes and a method of determining the reduction capability of slag solutions. Slag was analysed with the use of the DTA methods for the brass melting conductions. The study of computer program including the satisfactory number of data there are used in to the design a modern device rotating head used for gas-slag refining. It was achieved that the refining gas and fluxes were distributed ever by the rotating head. High effectiveness of the gas-slag refining processes was proved for the brass.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 15-18
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected Aspects of the Assessment of the Quality of Slag
Autorzy:
Bydałek, A. W.
Holtzer, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
slag quality
slag reduction
reduction capability
environment
environmental impact assessment
żużel
redukcja żużla
środowisko
ocena oddziaływania na środowisko
Opis:
Two approaches have been proposed to analyze the quality of the slag: metallurgical evaluation of and environmental impact assessment. The analysis of the metallurgical quality of the slag using the DTA methods was carried. In the paper a method of determining the reduction capability of slag solutions was used. There are the oxides complexes used in to the slag composition for the purpose to establish two quality indicators in reduction processes: EW - indicator showing the direction and intensity of reaction in to the slag composition and r - indicator of the rate of coal consumption. Proposed to other qualitative criteria. The analysis was conducted on the example of slag from aluminium metallurgical processes, and slag from the smelting processes of copper and its alloys. Divided influence on the environment and the use slag in other processes. Discusses the quality of the slag as a function of their operating qualities. Highlighted the need qualitative assessment of slag in a broad sense. Indicated the necessity to analysis including the quality of the slag more criteria, including: - technology - suitability for further processes, - operational, environmental and economic benefits.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 1 spec.; 9-12
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rule of the fluoride stymulators in to the Carbo-N-Ox method during aluminium bronze melting process
Autorzy:
Bydałek, A. W.
Schlafka, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379535.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
refining
stimulator
slag
thermal analysis
copper alloy
rafinacja
stymulator
żużel
analiza cieplna
stop miedzi
Opis:
During the slag refining process, in the real systems, the complex processes of mass exchange appear. Some relations between the stimulators in the environment - slag - metal system allow to initiate mass exchange reactions in the process of slag refining. Due to this kind of influences there is a possibility of direction and control of melting copper and it’s alloys.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 3; 15-18
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Integrated Analytical and Measurement System for the Evaluation of the Properties of Cast Metals and Alloys
Autorzy:
Biernat, S.
Bydałek, A. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380877.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
foundry industry
application of information technology
solidification process
brass
hardness
przemysł odlewniczy
zastosowanie technologii informatycznych
krzepnięcie
mosiądz
twardość
Opis:
The article presents an integrated analytical and measurement system for evaluation of the properties of cast metals and alloys. The presented platform is an extension of the SLAG - PROP application with new modules, which allow to use information on metallurgical processes in an even more effective way, as well as to evaluate the finished product. In addition, the construction of a measuring station for the analysis of thermal processes taking place in a metal bath allows for precise observation of phenomena together with their appropriate interpretation. The article presents not only the cooling curves of certain copper alloys. The analysis also covered mechanical properties related to hardness, finished products depending on the mold in which the products were cast. In the literature one can find information about the mechanical properties of products in the improved state, usually after plastic or thermal treatment, omitting their properties obtained as a result of a naturally made casting. The article also presents the method of placing information in the database using a convenient graphical tool.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 1; 13-18
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimization of the Brass Melting
Autorzy:
Biernat, S.
Bydałek, A. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381365.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
computer aided foundry
optimization
brass
melting
program SLAG-PROP
odlewanie wspomagane komputerowo
optymalizacja
mosiądz
topienie
Opis:
The article describes the optimization of the melting brass. Brasses, as one of the most popular alloys of copper, deserve special attention in the context of the processes of melting, which in turn would provide not only products of better quality, but also reduce the cost of their production or refining. For this purpose, several studies carried out deriatographic (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TG) using derivatograph. The results were confronted with the program SLAG - PROP used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the coatings extraction. Based on the survey and analysis of the program can identify the most favorable physico - chemical properties, which should be carried out treatments. This allows for slag mixtures referred configurations oxide matrix containing specific stimulators of the reaction. Conducted empirical studies indicate a convergence of the areas proposed by the application. It should also be noted that the program also indicates additional areas in which to carry out these processes would get even better, to optimize the melting process, the results.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3; 5-10
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Application of Numerical Methods to Evaluate the Viscosity of the Coating Using the Model Extraction Iida
Autorzy:
Biernat, S.
Bydałek, A. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
computer aided manufacturing
numerical methods
viscosity
Iida model
program SLAG-PROP
refining capacity
coating Using
komputerowe wspomaganie produkcji
metody numeryczne
lepkość
model Iida
rafinacja
powlekanie
Opis:
The article presents a reflection on the viscosity of the coating extraction using numerical methods. The viscosity of the coating slag is a factor affecting a high degree on the quality of the ongoing process of refining. Too high a viscosity will restrict the diffusion of impurities from the metal to the slag, in turn, too low a viscosity will cause spreading of slag in the vicinity of the furnace wall, and thus exposing the mirror of the liquid metal which may result in adverse effects of an oxidizing atmosphere. You should also remember that too low a viscosity can increase the loss of metal in the slag as well as hinder its recovery during casting. Using the materials database and numerical methods it is possible to determine the level of selected blends of slag viscosity. Additionally, in order to determine their usefulness in refining the values obtained can be confronted with laboratory tests using derivatograph. On the basis of the designated energy index Ew and mass index r can determine the suitability of a mixture of slag and its impact oxidizing or reducing agents.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3 spec.; 85-89
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Results of the Brass Refining Process in the Reducer Conditions
Autorzy:
Bydałek, A. W.
Bydałek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381707.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
refining
copper alloys
reduction
brass
melting
rafinacja
stopy miedzi
mosiądz
topienie
Opis:
This article contains information concerning of the analysis the possibility of defining refinery qualities of the slag based thermo-physical and thermo-dynamical data. It was showed the brass refining with the many-carbide reagents introduced i n to the slag. The paper presents the results of the structure analysis of the brass after carbide slag refining in the industrial conditions. The results of the macrostructure analysis have confirmed the argument on high reducing effectiveness of manganese and aluminium carbide used during CuZn39Pb2 alloy melting. The X-Ray microanalysis of the ingot cross-section has shown considerable discrepancies in the disposition of the inclusions. This effects showed on the great influence of reduction melting condition in to the brass melting.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 1; 21-24
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Multicriteria Optimisation in the Decopperisation Process of Flash Smelting Slags
Autorzy:
Wędrychowicz, M.
Bydalek, A. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380053.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
calcium fluoride
slag viscosity
flash slag
decopperisation process
fluorek wapnia
lepkość żużla
żużel zawiesinowy
proces odmiedziowania
Opis:
This article presents results of studies on multicriteria optimisation in the decopperisation process of flash smelting slags coming from the process of decopperisation at the "Głogów II" Copper Smelter. Measurements of viscosity were conducted using a high-temperature viscometer manufactured by Brookfield company. An addition in the form of calcium fluoride has an advantageous influence on decreasing the liquidus temperature of slag, and the effect of decreasing viscosity at the participation of calcium fluoride is significant. A motivation to conduct studies on viscosity of decopperised slags is an optimisation of the process of decopperisation at an improvement of this process parameters, i.e. the time of melt per one production cycle and consumption of electric power in the whole process. The efficiency of optimisation of the process course depends not only on an accepted criterion of the quality of controlling, a type of technological parameters, but also, to large extent, on characteristics and features of these parameters. CaCO3 currently added to the process of decopperisation efficiently decreases viscosity of flash slag, at the same time has influence on an increase of the yield of copper in alloy, but on the other hand, it increases the mass of slag, artificially under representing concentration of this metal. The article is completed with a conclusion of discussed issues, stating that a search for a new technological addition is still necessary.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 2; 131-136
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of the Proportion of Charge from Waste Materials on the Quality of High Pressure Castings
Autorzy:
Schlafka, P.
Bydałek, A. W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
die casting
Al-Si alloys
circulation scrap
environment protection
castings defects
odlewanie
stopy Al-Si
złom
ochrona środowiska
wady odlewów
Opis:
Nowadays, the most popular production method for manufacturing high quality casts of aluminium alloys is the hot and cold chamber die casting. Die casts made of hypereutectoid silumin Silafont 36 AlSi9Mg are used for construction elements in the automotive industry. The influence of the metal input and circulating scrap proportion on porosity and mechanical properties of the cast has been examined and the results have been shown in this article. A little porosity in samples has not influenced the details strength and the addition of the circulating scrap has contributed to the growth of the maximum tensile force. Introducing 80% of the circulating scrap has caused great porosity which led to reduce the strength of the detail. The proportion of 40% of the metal input and 60% of the circulating scrap is a configuration safe for the details quality in terms of porosity and mechanical strength.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 2; 21-24
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Universal liquid mixture model for vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria in hexane-butanol-water system over the temperature range 10 - 100 [degrees] C
Autorzy:
Islam, A. W.
Kabadi, V. N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185485.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
NRTL
single set of parameters
reasonable error
Opis:
This is an extended research of the paper (Islam et al., 2011) conducted to obtain a universal set of interaction parameters of the model NRTL over the temperature range 10 - 100 [degrees] C for hexane. butanol.water system; meaning for binary pairs hexane.butanol, butanol.water and hexane.water; and for ternary system hexane.butanol.water. Thorough investigations of data selections for all binary pairs (Vapor.Liquid Equilibrium (VLE), Liquid.Liquid Equilibrium (LLE)), infinite dilution activity coefficient, infinite dilution distribution coefficient (Dsw), excess enthalpy (HE), and for ternary system (LLE of hexane.butanol.water) were carried out. Finally quadratic temperature dependent interaction parameters were estimated regressing all the mentioned data and in each case calculated results were compared with literature values. The comparisons showed an overall percentage of error within 15% for the mentioned phase equilibrium calculations.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2011, 32, 2; 101-115
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
VMS Parameters Impact on Safety and Reliability in Road Traffic Management
Wpływ parametrów znaku o zmiennej treści na bezpieczeństwo i niezawodność systemu zarządzania ruchem drogowym
Autorzy:
Mitas, A. W.
Konior, A.
Konior, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
road signs
variable message signs
road traffic safety
reliability
znaki drogowe
znaki o zmiennej treści
bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
niezawodność
Opis:
The topic of the variable message signs presented in this article was analysed in the aspect of proper choice of the light beam distribution angle. It was proven that the proper control of the beam is justified, depending on the road type and it’s course, since the proper distribution angle lead to a compromise of effectiveness and reliability. The effectiveness is a result of the S-U-U criterion (see - understand - use), and the important for the object lifespan growth in the reliability is a result of lowering the power. The natural context of the discussion, especially in regard to the conscious moulding the traffic security level, are the main national and union standards.
Przedstawiona w artykule problematyka znaków o zmiennej treści została przeanalizowana w aspekcie właściwego doboru kąta dystrybucji wiązki świetlnej. Wykazano, że uzasadniona jest należyta kontrola tej wiązki, w zależności od rodzaju drogi i jej przebiegu, ponieważ właściwy kąt dystrybucji światła prowadzi do kompromisu efektywności i niezawodności. Efektywność wynika z kryterium Z-Z-Z (zauważyć – zrozumieć – zastosować), a istotny dla czasu życia obiektu wzrost niezawodności jest rezultatem obniżenia prądu zasilania. Naturalny kontekst dyskusji, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do świadomego kształtowania poziomu bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego, stanowią krajowe i unijne normy prawne.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2013, 25-26, 1-2; 69-83
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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