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Tytuł:
The road safety at turbo roundabouts in Poland
Autorzy:
Macioszek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223668.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
turbo roundabouts
road safety
traffic engineering
rondo turbo
bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
inżynieria ruchu
Opis:
There are to two groups of turbo roundabouts used currently in Poland. The first group is turbo roundabouts with geometry and traffic organization designed following the model of Dutch turbo roundabouts with raised lane dividers. The other group is turbo roundabouts with traffic organization which entirely or partly corresponds to traffic organization of conventional turbo roundabouts, but with lane dividers not present, with their function performed by a single continuous line of P-2 type. Turbo roundabouts in the world are considered as solutions which are characterized by a high level of road safety and allow for effective flow at substantial traffic intensities. The data about turbo roundabouts in Poland analysed by the author show that there are substantially more turbo roundabouts without raised lane dividers. The paper attempts to answer to the question of whether turbo roundabouts with lane dividers in the form of a single continuous line ensure the appropriate level of road safety. Furthermore, the comparison of the level of road safety in turbo roundabouts equipped in raised lane dividers with turbo roundabouts with lane separators in the form of continuous line revealed that turbo roundabouts with raised lane dividers are safer solutions than turbo roundabouts with traffic lane dividers in the form of continuous line.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2015, 33, 1; 57-67
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regional implementation of a road safety observatory in Poland
Autorzy:
Żukowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224010.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
road safety
road safety monitoring
European Road Safety Observatory
ERSO
ruch drogowy
bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
monitorowanie ruchu drogowego
Europejskie Obserwatorium Bezpieczeństwa Ruchu Drogowego
EOBRD
Opis:
The paper outlines the background and goals of the Road Safety Observatory in the Polish region of Warmia and Mazury. While created it was Poland’s first road safety Observatory, both at the regional and central level. Established in line with the methodology proposed in the European project SafetyNet, together with the planned National Road Safety Observatory it will form part of a Europe-wide network of observatories linked with the European Road Safety Observatory (ERSO). Commissioned by the Regional Road Safety Centre in Olsztyn, the idea for the Warmia-Mazury Road Safety Observatory was developed in 2010. The Observatory was completed in the autumn of 2012 and opened in November 2012.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2015, 36, 4; 77-85
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Speed management as a measure to improve road safety on Polish regional roads
Autorzy:
Gaca, S.
Pogodzińska, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
regional roads
speed
speed management
road safety
zarządzanie prędkością
prędkość
bezpieczeństwo na drodze
Opis:
The article presents the issue of the implementation of speed management measures on regional roads, whose character requires the use of different solutions than those on national roads. The authors briefly described speed management measures, the conditions for their implementation and their effectiveness with reference to environmental conditions and road safety. The further part of the paper presents selected results of the authors' research into the speed on various road segments equipped with different speed management measures. The estimations were made as to the impact of local speed limits and traffic calming measures on drivers' behaviour in free flow conditions. This research found that the introduction of the local speed limits cause reduction in average speed and 85th percentile speed up to 11.9 km/h (14.4%) and 16.3 km/h (16.8%) respectively. These values are averaged in the tested samples. Speed reduction depends strongly on the value of the limit and local circumstances. Despite speed reduction, the share of drivers who do not comply with speed limits was still high and ranged from 43% in the case of a 70 km/h limit, up to 89% for a 40 km/h limit. As far as comprehensive traffic calming measures are concerned, results show decrease in average speed and 85th percentile speed up to 18.1 km/h and 20.8 km/h respectively. For some road segments, however, the values of average speed and 85th percentile speed increased. It confirms that the effectiveness of speed management measures is strongly determined by local circumstances.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2017, 43, 3; 29-42
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of road safety measures by elderly pedestrians based on K-Means clustering and hierarchical cluster analysis
Autorzy:
Leonardi, Salvatore
Distefano, Natalia
Pulvirenti, Giulia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
road traffic
safety measures
road safety
cluster analysis
human factor
vulnerable users
elderly pedestrians
ruch drogowy
środki bezpieczeństwa
bezpieczeństwo na drogach
analiza skupień
czynnik ludzki
wrażliwi użytkownicy
Opis:
Introduction: Pedestrians aged over 65 are known to be a critical group in terms of road safety because they represent the age group with the highest number of fatalities or injured people in road accidents. With a current ageing population throughout much of the developed world, there is an imminent need to understand the current transportation requirements of older adults, and to ensure sustained safe mobility and healthy. Objectives: The aim of this study is to capture and analyze the key components that influence the identification of design solutions and strategies aimed at improving the safety of pedestrian paths for elderly. Method: A survey was conducted in 5 different locations in Catania, Italy. The locations were specifically chosen near to attraction poles for elderly pedestrians (e.g. centers for the elderly, squares, churches). Participants were recruited in person, so as to select exclusively people over 70. The sample comprised 322 participants. Both Hierarchical and K-Means clustering were used in order to explore which solutions elderly pedestrian propose for improving the safety of pedestrian path. Results: The results show that the judgment expressed by the elderly on the solutions for improving pedestrian safety is linked to the gender, to the experience as road users, and to mobility and vision problems. All solutions proposed regard road infrastructure (improvement of pedestrian crossings and of sidewalks, implementation of traffic calming measures, improvement of lighting), except for police supervision. Conclusion: This study has identified the factors that influence the identification of the best solutions to increase the safety level of pedestrian paths for elderly people. The aspects related to human factors considered were the gender, the factors associated with the experience as road users and the factors related to age related problems (mobility, vision and hearing problems). The results of this research could support traffic engineers, planners, and decision-makers to consider the contributing factors in engineering measures to improve the safety of vulnerable users such as elderly pedestrians.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2020, 56, 4; 107-118
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kształtowanie przestrzeni publicznej z uwzględnieniem aspektów bezpieczeństwa publicznego
Shaping a Public Space in the Context of Public Safety
Autorzy:
Wieteska-Rosiak, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CPTED
public safety
road safety
safety space
security
Opis:
The article presents problems connected with shaping space in the city as a part of public safety and sens of security. The purpose of article is presenting fi rst, second and third generation of CPTED strategy. Moreover presents safety rules recommended by the Association of Chief Police Offi cers. The article presents also an extrat action in the fi eld of road safety. Article shows the importance of shaping a safety space as a preventive action, which contribute to the economic and social consequences of crime and traffi c incidents in the city.
Źródło:
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN; 2015, 164; 274-282
0079-3507
Pojawia się w:
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preliminary safety assessment of polish interchanges
Autorzy:
Budzyński, Marcin
Tubis, Agnieszka
Rydlewski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832890.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
road safety
road infrastructure
interchanges
bezpieczeństwo na drodze
infrastruktura drogowa
węzły przesiadkowe
Opis:
Interchanges are a key and the most complex element of a road infrastructure. The safety and functionality of interchanges determine the traffic conditions and safety of the entire road network. This applies particularly to motorways and expressways, for which they are the only way to access and exchange traffic. A big problem in Poland is the lack of comprehensive tools for designers at individual stages of the design process. This applies to guidelines or other documents regarding the location, choice of interchanges type and selection of design parameters. This does not provide sufficient material for designing safe and functional interchanges. This situation results in numerous hazards that occur on existing interchanges and errors that are still being made at all stages of the design process. Consequently, there is a risk of accidents in the area of interchanges, which often have serious consequences. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to identify main groups of hazards on the interchanges and to classify them based on field tests and audits of project documentation. The prepared classification uses the results of analyzing data on road accidents. As part of the research, a database was built that includes information on road accidents and traffic, as well as data on all existing interchanges on motorways and expressways in Poland. These data includes: interchange type, length of exit and entry lanes, total interchanges length, type of cross-section on main roads and ramps. The number and type of ramps occurring at a given interchange as well as the type of intersections, if any, were also taken into account. Based on the assessment, the level of safety was determined for individual types of interchanges. Then, the impact of selected road and traffic factors on safety was presented. The critical elements of interchanges are entries, exits, weaving sections and intersections. Assumptions were also adopted for the classification of identified hazards. A comprehensive safety assessment for interchanges allowed the development of assumptions for their design guidelines. On the basis of database exploration and field research, the main problems and hazards regarding the functioning of interchanges were identified.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2021, 58, 2; 99-113
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Proactive assessment of road curve safety using floating car data: An exploratory study
Autorzy:
Ambros, Jiří
Altmann, Jarosław
Jurewicz, Chris
Chevalier, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
floating car data
surrogate safety measure
traffic safety
road curve assessment
monitorowanie danych pojazdu
środki bezpieczeństwa
bezpieczeństwo na drodze
ocena łuku drogowego
Opis:
Driving speed is an important risk factor, especially when negotiating horizontal curves. Therefore it may be useful in extracting surrogate measures to proactively safety assessment, a practice consistent with a current shift towards a Safe System approach to addressing road trauma. Review of previous literature indicated two categories of studies: (1) studies focusing on a safe driving perspective, i.e. studies primarily interested in finding the cut-off point in FCD data characteristics between safe and unsafe driving; (2) studies focusing on relating meaningful risk rates (percentages of exceeding the risk thresholds) to specific locations, and thus identify safety critical sites. However, no study was found that specifically focused on the relationship between kinematic characteristics (other than just speed) and road curves. The presented study focused on exploring the relationship between acceleration and jerk thresholds and crashes occurring on road curves. The first objective was to determine meaningful acceleration and jerk thresholds to utilize in explaining safety performance when negotiating curves. For this purpose floating car data (FCD) from a fleet of company vehicles, driving in rural sections of national roads in the Czech Republic, was collected and used to derive and validate potential surrogate safety measures. FCD presents in-vehicle information with several benefits compared to traditional techniques, such as feasibility of data collection, relatively unlimited spatial coverage, and availability of historical data. In the analysis, lateral acceleration and longitudinal jerk were found to be the most influential measures of curve safety performance. To sum up, the exploratory study outlined a practical approach to proactive evaluation of road curve safety: FCD data can generate useful surrogate measures of curve safety (acceleration and jerks) associated with crash history. A larger study is required to strengthen robustness of the results and provide confidence necessary for practical application. Potential use cases may include conducting interim evaluations of curve road safety treatments, or in-vehicle monitoring devices for detection of potentially unsafe manoeuvers and providing real-time feedback to drivers based on a combination of identified safety thresholds.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2019, 50, 2; 7-15
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of weather on bicycle risk exposure
Autorzy:
Pazdan, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
cycling
bicycle demand
impact weather
traffic volume
bicycle road safety
jazda rowerem
wpływ pogody
natężenie ruchu
bezpieczeństwo
Opis:
Traffic volume is the main independent variable of risk exposure in road safety models. Cyclists as a vulnerable road users are more exposed to weather conditions than e.g. car drivers. As a result, their decision of whether to cycle is strongly related to weather conditions. It suggests that any change in the weather may have a significant effect on bicycle use. Objective of the paper was to indicate which weather parameters have a significant impact on bicycle use, how a change in weather parameters affects the change in bicycle volume (risk exposure) and, consequently, predicted number of crashes with cyclists and which factors differentiate the impact of weather conditions on bicycle volume. The impact of weather on bicycle volume variability was estimated based on literature review. The Web of Science, Scopus and TRID databases were searched. Finally, 33 papers from 1977 up to 2020, different in terms of the methodology used, country of origin, and analyzed group of cyclists, were reviewed. The impact of change in weather conditions on the predicted number of crashes with cyclists was estimated using own road safety models and previous research results. Results indicate that air temperature, precipitation, sunshine, cloud cover, humidity, and wind strength, have a significant influence on bicycle use. The impact of the weather on bicycle volume differs between different cyclists’ groups (different levels of experience, age, gender), trip motivations (recreational, commuting, etc.) and locations (countries, cities, climate zones). The paper shows complexity of impact of weather conditions on cycling and sensitivity of relationship between weather conditions and bicycle volume (i.e. risk exposure) and, as a consequence, bicycle safety. Results indicate that weather conditions should always be taken into consideration when analyzing cycling, especially in road safety analysis. The discussion of presented research results, research methods used with their limitations, and recommendations for future research were described.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2020, 56, 4; 89-105
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drivers’ workload measures to verify functionality of ferry boats boarding area
Autorzy:
Gaetano, Bosurgi
Stellario, Marra
Orazio, Pellegrino
Villari, Massimo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
workload measures
driver behaviour
road safety
driving simulation
complex environment
pomiar pracy kierowcy
bezpieczeństwo na drogach
symulacja jazdy
Opis:
Functionality of a square used for ferry boats boarding has repercussions on safety and comfort of users, as well as on the efficiency of maritime transport. Inadequate use of the infrastructure causes driving errors followed by corrective manoeuvres, loss of time and potential accidents with consequences for community and the maritime transport company. The wide diversification of traffic components and payment methods are generally managed through a traditional horizontal and vertical signage system that does not refer to any current legislation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate driver's behaviour and the interaction that takes place between the latter and the environmental context. In particular, the authors focused on the study of the driver’s workload in a simulated environment, considering a users' sample and different driving scenarios inside the boarding area, concerning traffic conditions (isolated vehicle or presence of disturbing vehicles) and signs position. All this, in order to evaluate whether any change in a virtual context could bring real benefits to drivers, before being transferred to the real context. The results obtained, in terms of subjective workload and performance measures, have made it possible to judge the different solutions proposed in a simulated environment through synthetic indices referring to the entire boarding place or at certain parts of it. In this way, the manager can decide to change the circulation of the entire square or only some aspects of detail, such as some signals, in the event that they manifest an evident difficulty in the transfer of information. The use of the simulated environment allows greater speed in identifying the best solution, lower costs (avoiding the creation of a critical configuration for circulation) and greater user safety, since risky manoeuvres are identified and corrected by the simulator. The proposed procedure can be used by managers for a correct arrangement of the signs, for the purpose of correctly directing the flows and maximizing the flow rate disposed of.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2020, 56, 4; 7-17
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Guidelines for the use of non-standard road signs - Polish experiences
Wytyczne dotyczące stosowania niestandardowych znaków drogowych - polskie doświadczenia
Autorzy:
Calvi, Alessandro
Gaca, Stanisław
Kamiński, Tomasz
Kieć, Mariusz
Kruszewski, Mikołaj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1853684.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo ruchu
ruch drogowy
oznakowanie eksperymentalne
znak drogowy
symulator jazdy
road safety
non-standard sign
road sign
driving simulator
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to present the procedure of non-standard road signs and markings implementation in Poland to improve road safety and traffic performance of road infrastructure. The authors investigated the following cases: road and its surroundings’ perception and understanding improvement; warning of increased risk of accidents; road works; speed management and ITS. The procedure was developed on the basis of interdisciplinary research, including: observation of drivers behaviour in real traffic; comparative crash analysis on sections with and without non-standard signs or markings; surveys on the understanding signs and marking; driving simulator experiments. As a result of the research, an implementation procedure for non-standard signs and markings, in the form of flowchart, was developed. In the designed procedure the following study of non-standard signs can be distinguished: questionnaire studies, eye tracking tests and driving simulator tests. The choice of the test method depends on the preliminary assessment of sign understanding, based on the results of the questionnaires. Moreover, thresholds for the declared understanding level, which determines the selection of additional tests to be done prior to the implementation of the sign, are given. The guidelines for conducting tests, analysis and monitoring of implementation were described as well.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie procedury wdrażania eksperymentalnego oznakowania dróg w Polsce w celu poprawy bezpieczeństwa i warunków ruchu infrastruktury drogowej. Autorzy zbadali następujące przypadki: poprawa postrzegania i rozumienia infrastruktury drogowej wraz z jej otoczeniem; ostrzeżenie o zwiększonym ryzyku wypadków; roboty drogowe; zarządzanie prędkością i rozwiązania z zakresu Inteligentnych Systemów Transportowych. Procedura została opracowana na podstawie interdyscyplinarnych badań obejmujących: obserwację zachowania kierowców w ruchu rzeczywistym; porównawczej analizy zderzeń na odcinkach z niestandardowymi znakami i bez nich oraz porównań „przed i po” wprowadzeniu oznakowania; badań dotyczących zrozumienia oznakowania; eksperymentów z wykorzystaniem symulatora jazdy. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań opracowano procedurę wdrażania oznakowania eksperymentalnego, którą przedstawiono w postaci schematu blokowego. W zaprojektowanej procedurze można wyróżnić badania oznakowania eksperymentalnego, w tym: badania ankietowe, badania okulografowe oraz testy na symulatorze jazdy. Wybór metody badawczej uzależniony jest od wstępnej oceny stopnia rozumienia znaków przy użyciu badania ankietowego. Ponadto podane są wymagania, dla deklarowanego poziomu zrozumienia, które determinują dobór dodatkowych badań do wykonania przed wdrożeniem znaku. Opisano również wytyczne dotyczące przeprowadzania badań, analiz i monitorowania oznakowania w rzeczywistych warunkach drogowych.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2021, 67, 1; 461-479
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Incorrect U-turning of vehicles at intersections with traffic lights
Autorzy:
Krukowicz, Tomasz
Firląg, Krzysztof
Sterniczuk, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833606.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
road safety
U-turning of vehicles
turning back
traffic signals
intersections
bezpieczeństwo na drodze
zawracanie pojazdów
sygnalizacja świetlna
skrzyżowania
Opis:
The article describes the problem of incorrect U-turns at intersections with traffic lights. Statistical data on road incidents related to U-turns are presented. Then, the international, Polish and foreign regulations concerning u-turning at intersections with traffic lights were analysed. The situations in which U-turns are allowed or prohibited are presented. The differences in design rules for junctions with U-turns in different countries have been taken into account. A literature review was also carried out that outlined various current U-turns around the world, including the design of turning places, the location of turning points, road safety when turning, and the impact of U-turns on traffic conditions. The further part of the article presents the results of field tests of the U-turn at 6 intersections located in Warsaw. The research was conducted by video observation. The results were broken down by age, gender, place of registration of the vehicle, type of vehicle, and the effect of incorrect turning. Data on road incidents at the examined intersections were also analysed. Data from the database kept by the Police were compared with the measurement data. A regression analysis was performed between the types of recorded incorrect manoeuvres and the number of accidents at the intersection. The results of statistical analysis carried out do not indicate the existence of a relationship between the number of identified incorrect U-turns and the number of road incidents at intersections. Based on the research, it was found that the phenomenon of incorrect U-turns at intersections with traffic lights is common, and the use of directional (protected) signals does not eliminate this phenomenon. The conclusions indicate practical solutions to reduce the number of illegally U-turning vehicles. The recommended actions are related to the stage of shaping the road network, designing the road geometry and organizing traffic and traffic lights, and auditing road safety, as well as the stage of road operation.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2021, 57, 1; 131-145
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of driver behaviour at turbo-roundabouts
Autorzy:
Chodur, J.
Bąk, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
traffic engineering
road safety
turbo-roundabout
separation of traffic lanes
inżynieria ruchu
bezpieczeństwo na drodze
turborondo
rozdzielenie pasów ruchu
Opis:
The article presents the results of preliminary research into the behaviour of drivers at turbo-roundabouts. The subject of the research included the frequency of driver behaviour against the traffic rules, and the speed at which vehicles drive through turbo-roundabouts. One of the crucial problems which was analysed was the influence of different kinds of traffic lane division on the behaviour of drivers. The analysis results affirm that the raised lane dividers can visibly improve the propensity of drivers to stay within the designated traffic corridor. However, it does not eliminate the phenomenon of improper lane changing on circulatory roadway. The physical separation of traffic lanes has not been determined to introduce any additional hazard. The speed of vehicles encroaching upon the neighbouring traffic corridor is visibly higher than this of vehicles following traffic rules. Using crash prediction models developed for single- and multi-lane roundabouts, the authors of the research estimated that lane dividers may reduce the number of crashes from about 10% to 17%.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2016, 38, 2; 17-28
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of safety inspections for evaluation of two-lane regional roads in Poland
Autorzy:
Cafiso, S.
Kieć, M.
Milazzo, M.
Pappalardo, G.
Trovato, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/230181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo drogowe
kontrola bezpieczeństwa
infrastruktura drogowa
droga dwupasowa
droga wiejska
road safety
safety inspection
road infrastructure
two lane road
rural road
Opis:
In the paper methods for conducting Road Safety Inspections (SIs) in Italy and Poland are described and compared. The goal of the study is to improve the quality and efficiency of the safety inspections of road network by using low cost equipment (GPS, Tablet, Camera) and specific software. Particular attention was paid to the need for proper calibration of factors, causing traffic safety hazard associated with road infrastructure. The model developed according to the Italian procedures was adapted to comply with the checklists and evaluation criteria of the Polish guidelines. Overall, a good agreement between the two approaches was identified, however some modification was required to include new safety issues, characteristic for the Polish network for safety inspection of two lane rural roads. To test the applicability about 100 km of regional two lane roads in Poland were inspected with Polish and Italian procedures.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2014, 60, 4; 453-473
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Type II dilemma zone at high-speed signalized intersections in Poland
Strefa dylematu II rodzaju na skrzyżowaniach z sygnalizacją świetlną o wysokich prędkościach w Polsce
Autorzy:
Bąk, Radosław
Chodur, Janusz
Stamatiadis, Nikiforos
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1852334.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
skrzyżowanie
sygnalizacja świetlna
bezpieczeństwo ruchu
strefa dylematu
zachowanie kierowcy
prędkość duża
signalized intersection
road safety
dilemma zone
driver behavior
high-speed
Opis:
Red-light running at intersections is a common problem that may have severe consequences for traffic safety. The present paper investigates driver behavior in dilemma zones in Polish conditions. Based on the empirical research conducted at 25 urban and rural signalized intersections, type II dilemma zone boundaries were determined. In this study, generalized linear regression models were used to fit the probability of stopping to explanatory variables. Seeing as the dependent variable is dichotomous (stop/go), binary logistic regression was used for predicting the probability of the outcome based on the values of continuous or categorical predictor variables. The results show that factors which have a statistically significant effect on drivers’ propensity to stop include: vehicle type, the geometry of the intersection, location of signal heads and platooning on the approach to the stop line. Type-II dilemma zone boundaries are situated at the following distance: the beginning from 1.9 s to 2.4 s, and end from 5.0 to 5.9 s (on average 2.2 ÷ 5.4 s) from the stop line.
Sygnalizacja świetlna jest popularnym i skutecznym środkiem poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu na skrzyżowaniach. Wypadki na skrzyżowaniach tego typu często mają za przyczynę wjazd pojazdu na tarczę w trakcie sygnału czerwonego. W kraju udział wjazdów na sygnale czerwonym jako przyczyna wypadku na skrzyżowaniach z sygnalizacją wynosi ok. 20%, co oznacza przeciętnie 450 wypadków rocznie spowodowanych niedostosowaniem się kierujących do sygnałów świetlnych (ok. 620 ofiar na rok). Innym typem zdarzeń przypisywanych sygnalizacji świetlnej jest najechanie na tył pojazdu, które powstaje w sytuacji, gdy pojazd poprzedzający decyduje się na zatrzymanie w reakcji na zakończenie fazy ruchu, a podążający za nim nie zareaguje, bądź zareaguje zbyt późno. Najechanie na tył poprzednika jest najczęstszym rodzajem wypadku, stanowiąc od 25% do 40% zdarzeń na skrzyżowaniach z sygnalizacją. Wymienione zdarzenia są związane głównie z okresem zmian sygnałów świetlnych (zielony - żółty). Kierujący zbliżający się do skrzyżowania podejmują decyzję, czy zatrzymać się, czy kontynuować jazdę przez skrzyżowanie. Kierujący znajdujący się zbyt blisko skrzyżowania decydując się na gwałtowne hamowanie, powodują ryzyko zderzenia tylnego, natomiast kierujący znajdujący się w znacznej odległości od linii zatrzymania kontynuując przejazd ryzykują zderzenie boczne na tarczy skrzyżowania. Zjawisko to określane mianem strefy dylematu może być opisane w ujęciu kinematycznym (strefa dylematu I rodzaju - występuje gdy droga hamowania jest dłuższa niż droga jaką może przebyć pojazd w czasie sygnału żółtego) lub probabilistycznym (strefa dylematu II rodzaju - oznacza odcinek na wlocie, na którym nie można jednoznacznie przewidzieć decyzji kierującego w reakcji na zakończenie sygnału zielonego). Głównymi celami badań opisanych w niniejszym artykule są wyznaczenie lokalizacji strefy dylematu w ujęciu probabilistycznym, w tym określenie zachowań kierujących zbliżających się do skrzyżowania w momencie zakończenia nadawania sygnału zielonego i ustalenie czynników wpływających na decyzje kierujących przejazd/zatrzymanie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem cech skrzyżowania i jego otoczenia na podstawie obserwacji rzeczywistych zachowań kierujących.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2021, 67, 3; 673-685
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application and comparison of different methods for traffic conflict analysis - case study on 2+1 roads
Zastosowanie i porównanie różnych metod analizy konfliktów ruchowych - studium przypadku drogi 2+1
Autorzy:
Cafiso, Salvatore
Calvi, Alessandro
D'Agostiono, Carmelo
Kieć, Mariusz
Petrucci, Gianmarco
Szagała, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1853625.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
miara pośrednia
bezpieczeństwo ruchu
pas do wyprzedzania
droga 2+1
konflikt ruchowy
surrogate measure
road safety
passing lane
2+1 road
traffic conflict
Opis:
Safety Performance Functions and Crash Modification Factors are statistically-based prediction methods that require significant efforts and long periods in crash data collection. Traffic conflict studies can mitigate this issue using a short time survey to measure the number and severity of traffic conflicts, which are regarded as surrogate safety measures. Unfortunately, they are empirical studies that can be carried out only after the implementation of a treatment. The overall objective of the present research is to investigate the performance of different methods for conflict detection and classification, considering the observed conflicts on 2+1 roads in Poland. Observations were compared with conflicts detected in simulated environments. The latter include either the Agent-Based Microsimulation (ABM) approach, or the virtual reality simulation using a Driving Simulator (DS). Conflicts were detected and classified based on video recording and analysis of vehicle trajectories in the merging area of 2+1 roads. The studies focused only on lane-changing conflicts. Locations, Post Encroachment Time and Time to Collision values of observed conflicts between vehicles were subsequently identified. Observed conflicts were compared with the ones resulting from ABM and DS, to determine whether there is a correlation between them.
Statystyczne metody przewidywania zdarzeń drogowych, takie jak modele regresyjne (SPF) czy współczynniki zmian liczby zdarzeń drogowych (CMF) wymagają długich okresów gromadzenia danych o zdarzeniach oraz dużych nakładów finansowych w przypadku oceny efektywności środków poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego lub zmian w infrastrukturze drogowej. Jednym ze sposobów badań niwelujących wyżej wymienioną niedogodność są analizy bezpieczeństwa ruchu za pomocą miar pośrednich, jakimi są np.: zmiana liczby konfliktów w ruchu drogowym obserwowanych lub symulowanych. Analiza konfliktów obserwowanych pozwala na ocenę bezpieczeństwa ruchu na podstawie krótkiego okresu obserwacji i oceny ich liczby oraz ciężkości. Jednakże, ocena bezpieczeństwa ruchu na podstawie konfliktów obserwowanych jest badaniem empirycznym, które można przeprowadzić dopiero po wdrożeniu środków poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu lub zmian w infrastrukturze, co jest kosztowne. Środkiem łagodzącym wyżej wymienione wady jest ocena bezpieczeństwa ruchu na podstawie konfliktów symulowanych. Zastosowanie w ocenach bezpieczeństwa ruchu konfliktów symulowanych wymaga znajomości związku pomiędzy konfliktami obserwowanymi i symulowanymi. Celem przedstawionych badań jest ocena różnych metod wykrywania i klasyfikacji konfliktów ruchowych, w odniesieniu do obserwowanych konfliktów na drogach 2+1 w Polsce. Konflikty obserwowane były wykrywane i klasyfikowane na podstawie nagrań wideo i analizy trajektorii pojazdów w obszarze włączenia pasa do wyprzedzania na końcu odcinka drogi 2+1. Badania koncentrowały się wyłącznie na konfliktach powodujących zmianę pasa ruchu. Tak uzyskane konflikty były porównywane z konfliktami wykrytymi w środowiskach symulowanych. Konflikty symulowane były analizowane na podstawie podejścia mikrosymulacyjnego (ABM) oraz symulacji rzeczywistości wirtualnej przy użyciu symulatora jazdy (DS). Oba modele, tj.: mikrosymulacyjny jak i w symulatorze jazdy zostały skalibrowane na podstawie empirycznych badań ruchu pojazdów w środowisku rzeczywistym. Konflikty symulowane w środowisku mikrosymulacyjnym były oceniane na podstawie trajektorii pojazdów uzyskanych z wcześniej zbudowanego modelu w programie VISSIM oraz ich analizy w narzędziu Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). Badania te były realizowane w ramach wcześniejszych prac autorów. Badania konfliktów w symulatorze jazdy przeprowadzono na podstawie rzeczywistego przebiegu dwóch poligonów badawczych na Uniwersytecie Roma Tre w Rzymie. Na podstawie badań zidentyfikowano, dla warunków rzeczywistych i symulowanych, lokalizacje konfliktów, wartości czasu po wtargnięciu (PET) i czasu do kolizji (TTC) obserwowanych i symulowanych konfliktów między pojazdami. Obserwowane konflikty porównano z konfliktami oszacowanymi w środowisku mikrosymulacyjnym i w symulatorze jazdy, aby określić, czy istnieje między nimi związek pozwalający na ocenę wpływu zmian w infrastrukturze drogowej na bezpieczeństwo ruchu.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2021, 67, 1; 619-634
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 27

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