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Tytuł:
Minimum drag shape bodies moving in inviscid fluid – revisite
Autorzy:
Tesch, K.
Kaczorowska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/175420.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
minimum drag
variational calculus
optimisation
Opis:
This paper presents the classic approach to minimum drag shape body problem, moving at hypersonic speeds, leading to famous power law shapes with value of the exponent of 3 4. Twoand three-dimensional cases are considered. Furthermore, an exact pseudo solution is given and its uselessness is discussed. Two new solutions are introduced, namely an approximate solution due to form of the functional and solution by means of optimisation of a Bézier curve. The former transforms the variational problem to the classic problem of function optimisation by assuming certain class of functions, whereas the latter by means of discretised functional.
Źródło:
Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery; 2017, 135; 73-85
0079-3205
Pojawia się w:
Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design of large-scale streamlined head cars of high-speed trains and aerodynamic drag calculation
Autorzy:
Wu, Z.
Yang, E.
Ding, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high speed train
NURBS
aerodynamic drag
streamlined head car
numerical simulation
pociąg ekspresowy
opór aerodynamiczny
symulacja numeryczna
Opis:
Aerodynamic drag plays an important role in high-speed trains, and how to reduce the aerodynamic drag is one of the most important research subjects related to modern railway systems. This paper investigates a design method for large-scale streamlined head cars of high-speed trains by adopting NURBS theory according to the outer surface characteristics of trains. This method first created the main control lines of the driver cab by inputting control point coordinates; then, auxiliary control lines were added to the main ones. Finally, the reticular region formed by the main control lines and auxiliary ones were filled. The head car was assembled with the driver cab and sightseeing car in a virtual environment. The numerical simulation of train flow field was completed through definition of geometric models, boundary conditions, and space discretization. The calculation results show that the aerodynamic drag of the high-speed train with large-scale streamlined head car decreases by approximately 49.3% within the 50-300 km/h speed range compared with that of the quasi-streamlined high-speed train. This study reveals that the high-speed train with large-scale streamlined head car could achieve the purpose of reducing running aerodynamic drag and saving energy, and aims to provide technical support for the subsequent process design and production control of high-speed train head cars.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2017, 44, 4; 89-97
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bionic shape design of electric locomotive and aerodynamic drag reduction
Autorzy:
Wu, Z.
Huo, Y.
Ding, W.
Xie, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
electric locomotive
bionic shape design
aerodynamic drag
numerical simulation
crocodile bionic electric locomotive
lokomotywa elektryczna
bioniczny design
opór aerodynamiczny
symulacja numeryczna
Opis:
Bionics has been widely used in many fields. Previous studies on the application of bionics in locomotives and vehicles mainly focused on shape optimisation of high-speed trains, but the research on bionic shape design in the electric locomotive field is rare. This study investigated a design method for streamlined electric locomotives according to the principles of bionics. The crocodiles were chosen as the bionic object because of their powerful and streamlined head shape. Firstly, geometric characteristic lines were extracted from the head of a crocodile by analysing the head features. Secondly, according to the actual size requirements of the electric locomotive head, a free-hand sketch of the bionic electric locomotive head was completed by adjusting the position and scale of the geometric characteristic lines. Finally, the non-uniform rational B-splines method was used to establish a 3D digital model of the crocodile bionic electric locomotive, and the main and auxiliary control lines were created. To verify the drag reduction effect of the crocodile bionic electric locomotive, numerical simulations of aerodynamic drag were performed for the crocodile bionic and bluff body electric locomotives at different speeds in open air by using the CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT16.0. The geometric models of crocodile bionic and bluff body electric locomotives were both marshalled with three cars, namely, locomotive + middle car + locomotive, and the size of the two geometric models was uniform. Dimensions and grids of the flow field were defined. And then, according to the principle of motion relativity, boundary conditions of flow field were defined. The results indicated that the crocodile bionic electric locomotive demonstrated a good aerodynamic performance. At the six sampling speeds in the range of 40–240 km/h, the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the crocodile bionic electric locomotive decreased by 7.7% on the average compared with that of the bluff body electric locomotive.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2018, 48, 4; 99-109
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design and performance of the converging-diverging vortex flowmeter
Autorzy:
Sun, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/221011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
vortex flowmeter
converging-diverging structure
lower limit of measurement
Strouhal number
drag coefficient
Opis:
The converging-diverging structure is introduced to extend the lower limit of measurement of vortex flowmeters. As a compact device, the converging-diverging vortex flowmeter is proposed and designed, and its performance is studied experimentally. It is found that, first of all, an up to 51% extension of the lower measurement limit can be realized through the converging-diverging structure, compared with conventional vortex flowmeters; second, the converging-diverging vortex flowmeter with a trapezoidal bluff body has a larger Strouhal number and smaller pressure loss. The results suggest that the converging-diverging vortex flowmeter provides an alternative device especially suitable for the measurement of low-velocity fluids.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2011, 18, 1; 129-136
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical investigations on the effect of an underbody battery on solar vehicle aerodynamics
Autorzy:
Bobrowski, Jakub
Sobczak, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
automotive aerodynamics
drag reduction
electric vehicle
CFD
underbody fairing
Opis:
The placement of the battery box can have a massive impact on the aerodynamics of an electric vehicle. Although favourable from the viewpoint of vehicle dynamics, an underbody battery box may impair the vehicle aerodynamics. This study aims to quantify the effect of an underbody battery box on the drag force acting on an electric vehicle. Four different variants of the vehicle (original variant, lifted suspension, lifted suspension with an underbody battery box) are investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics. The underbody battery box was found to induce flow separation, resulting in a massive increase in drag force. As a solution, a battery box fairing was designed and tested. The fairing significantly reduced the increase in drag. The results of this study could contribute to the design of more stable and aerodynamically efficient electric vehicles.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2021, 42, 4; 247-260
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polskie rolniczki jako menedżerki
Polish Female Farmers as Managers
Autorzy:
Drąg, Zbigniew
Gorlach, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/427477.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
rodzinne gospodarstwo rolne
resegregacja zawodowa
rolniczki-menedżerki
integracja zawodowa
family farm
occupational re-segregation
women-managers
occupational integration
Opis:
Artykuł podejmuje kwestię równości płci w rodzinnych gospodarstwach rolnych w Polsce. Zawód rolnika uznawany jest za typowo męski, a rodzinne gospodarstwo rolne za przedsiębiorstwo, w którym uwidocznia się segregacja płci. Nie oznacza to, że kobiety mają ograniczony dostęp do zawodu, a jedynie, że pełnią w nim drugoplanowe role. Domeną mężczyzn są prace polowe i funkcje kierownicze, a zadaniem kobiet jest pomoc w gospodarstwie i praca w domu (gettoizacja). Ostatnio zaobserwować można proces zwiększania udziału kobiet na funkcjach kierowniczych. Czy jest to oznaką osiągania równowagi płci w zawodzie rolnika (integracja zawodowa)? Autorzy analizują wyniki reprezentatywnych badań rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce z lat 1994–2007 i roku 2017. Stawiają tezę, że wzrost udziału rolniczek-menedżerek jest konsekwencją zmian na pozarolniczym rynku pracy. Nie jest to jednak wystarczająca podstawa do stwierdzenia procesów integracyjnych płci w rodzinnych gospodarstwach rolnych.
The article tackles an issue of gender equality in Polish family farms. Farming is considered a typically male occupation. Family farms are perceived as businesses with a strong gender segregation. This does not mean that women have limited access to farming but rather that they play secondary roles in it. Men primarily work in the field and usually occupy managerial positions while women do auxiliary jobs and take care of the household (ghettoization). Recently the process of feminization in managerial positions can be observed at farms. We pose a question if this process is conductive to gender equality in farming (occupational integration)? The data from the representative research conducted in the years 1994–2007 and 2017 are used to answer this question. Our findings indicate that the increasing number of women in managerial positions is mainly an outcome of changes in the labor market. This does not constitute a sufficient basis to maintain that gender integration in family farms in Poland takes place.
Źródło:
Studia Socjologiczne; 2019, 4(235); 129-156
0039-3371
Pojawia się w:
Studia Socjologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two-dimensional analogies to the deformation characteristics of a falling droplet and its collision
Autorzy:
Rafi, Abid Hasan
Haque, Mohammad Rejaul
Ahmed, Dewan Hasan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2065760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
droplet
freefall
spreading
drag force
kropelka
swobodny spadek
siła tarcia
Opis:
The present study investigates the 2D numerical analogies to the changes of the droplet shapes during the freefall for a wide range of droplet sizes through the stagnation air. The freefall velocity, shape change due to frictional force during free-fall is studied for different considered cases. With the elapse of time, a droplet with a larger initial diameter is changing its original shape more compared to droplets with a smaller diameter. In addition, the spreading of the droplet during the freefall seems more rapid for the larger-diameter droplet. When a droplet with an initial diameter of 15 mm starts to fall with gravitational force, the diameter ratio is decreasing for droplets with higher density and surface tension while droplets having lower density and surface tension show a diameter ratio greater than one. The spreading and splashing of the droplet on a solid surface and liquid storage at the time of impact are much influenced by the freefall memories of the droplet during the freefall from a certain height. These freefall memories are influenced by the fluid properties, drag force, and the freefall height. However, these freefall memories eventually regulate the deformation of the droplet during the freefall.
Źródło:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2022, LXIX, 1; 21--43
0004-0738
Pojawia się w:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Couple stress fluid past a sphere embedded in a porous medium
Autorzy:
Madasu, Krishna Prasad
Sarkar, Priya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2065761.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sphere
couple stress fluid
saturated porous medium
Brinkman’s equation
drag force
kula
równanie Brinkmana
siła tarcia
Opis:
This paper concerns the analytical investigation of the axisymmetric and steady flow of incompressible couple stress fluid through a rigid sphere embedded in a porous medium. In the porous region, the flow field is governed by Brinkman’s equation. Here we consider uniform flow at a distance from the sphere. The boundary conditions applied on the surface of the sphere are the slip condition and zero couple stress. Analytical solution of the problem in the terms of stream function is presented by modified Bessel functions. The drag experienced by an incompressible couple stress fluid on the sphere within the porous medium is calculated. The effects of the slip parameter, the couple stress parameter, and permeability on the drag are represented graphically. Special cases of viscous flow through a sphere are obtained and the results are compared with earlier published results.
Źródło:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering; 2022, LXIX, 1; 5--19
0004-0738
Pojawia się w:
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
35 mm ammunition’s trajectory model identification based on firing tables
Autorzy:
Baranowski, L.
Gadomski, B.
Majewski, P.
Szymonik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200598.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
identification
exterior ballistics
equations of projectile motion
curve fitting
drag coefficient
identyfikacja
ruch pocisku
współczynnik oporu
Opis:
The article presents a procedure designed for identification of projectile’s trajectory model through aerodynamic coefficients estimation. The identification process is based on firing tables artificially prepared (firing tables prepared using mathematical flight model for the projectile instead of trajectories recorded on field tests) with the use of modified point–mass and rigid body trajectory models. All the necessary data, including physical parameters of the projectile and its aerodynamic characteristics are provided. The detailed results of estimation of chosen aerodynamic coefficients are presented in both visual and tabular form. The main purpose of this paper is to establish the minimum number of trajectories (as characterized in firing tables), and the permissible error of initial parameters being passed to the mathematical model that would allow the correct identification of projectile’s trajectory model.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2018, 66, 5; 635-643
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical study of heat transfer and aerodynamic drag of the radiator with lamellar split finning
Autorzy:
Nikolaenko, Yurii
Baranyuk, Aleksandr
Rohachov, Valerii
Terekh, Aleksandr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240301.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
microelectronic devices
radiator
lamellar-split finning
heat transfer
aerodynamic resistance
numerical simulation
Opis:
Promising cooling systems for high-power electronic elements are those based on vapor chambers and heat pipes which allow for the local heat flow to be dispersed from the electronic element to a larger surface area of the vapor chamber or the heat pipe. To reduce the thermal resistance of the cooling system, a finned radiator is installed on the outer surface of the vapor chamber or heat pipe. The authors propose a new design of the radiator which increases the heat transfer efficiency. The paper presents results of numerical simulation of heat transfer and aerodynamic resistance of the heat transfer surface with lamellar-split finning. The comparative analysis of heat transfer and aerodynamics was carried out for three types of radiators: with lamellar smooth finning, with lamellar split finning and with the sections of split finning rotated 30◦ against the air flow. It is shown that cutting the fins and rotating the split sections leads to an increase in heat transfer intensity and increase in aerodynamic resistance. The obtained results may be useful in the design of cooling systems for computer processors, power amplifiers for transmitting modules, energy-saving solid-state light sources, etc.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2020, 41, 1; 67-93
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical modeling and preliminary validation of drag-based vertical axis wind turbine
Autorzy:
Krysiński, T.
Buliński, Z.
Nowak, A. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240209.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
numerical modeling
numerical axis wind turbine
computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
modelowanie numeryczne
turbina wiatrowa
komputerowa mechanika płynów
Opis:
The main purpose of this article is to verify and validate the mathematical description of the airflow around a wind turbine with vertical axis of rotation, which could be considered as representative for this type of devices. Mathematical modeling of the airflow around wind turbines in particular those with the vertical axis is a problematic matter due to the complex nature of this highly swirled flow. Moreover, it is turbulent flow accompanied by a rotation of the rotor and the dynamic boundary layer separation. In such conditions, the key aspects of the mathematical model are accurate turbulence description, definition of circular motion as well as accompanying effects like centrifugal force or the Coriolis force and parameters of spatial and temporal discretization. The paper presents the impact of the different simulation parameters on the obtained results of the wind turbine simulation. Analysed models have been validated against experimental data published in the literature.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2015, 36, 1; 19-38
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fractional order based velocity control system for a nanorobot in non-Newtonian fluids
Autorzy:
Muresan, C. I.
Birs, I. R.
Folea, S.
Ionescu, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200089.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
non-Newtonian fluids
drag force
velocity control
fractional calculus
płyny nienewtonowskie
kontrola prędkości
rachunek ułamkowy
Opis:
Customized patient drug delivery overcomes classic medicine setbacks such as side effects, improper drug absorption or slow action. Nanorobots can be successfully used for targeted patient-specific drug administration, but they must be reliable in the entire circulatory system environment. This paper analyzes the possibility of fractional order control applied to the nanomedicine field. The parameters of a fractional order proportional integral controller are determined with the purpose of controlling the velocity of the nanorobot in non-Newtonian fluids envisioning the blood flow in the circulatory system.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2018, 66, 6; 991-997
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
CFD prediction of gas-liquid flow in an aerated stirred vessel using the population balance model
Autorzy:
Kálal, Z.
Jahoda, M.
Fořt, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
CFD
mixing tank
gas-liquid
drag correction
bubble size distribution
zbiornik mieszający
gaz-ciecz
korekta przeciągania
rozkład wielkości pęcherzyków
Opis:
The main topic of this study is the experimental measurement and mathematical modelling of global gas hold-up and bubble size distribution in an aerated stirred vessel using the population balance method. The air-water system consisted of a mixing tank of diameter T= 0.29 m, which was equipped with a six-bladed Rushton turbine. Calculations were performed with CFD software CFX 14.5. Turbulent quantities were predicted using the standard k-ε turbulence model. Coalescence and breakup of bubbles were modelled using the homogeneous MUSIG method with 24 bubble size groups. To achieve a better prediction of the turbulent quantities, simulations were performed with much finer meshes than those that have been adopted so far for bubble size distribution modelling. Several different drag coefficient correlations were implemented in the solver, and their influence on the results was studied. Turbulent drag correction to reduce the bubble slip velocity proved to be essential to achieve agreement of the simulated gas distribution with experiments. To model the disintegration of bubbles, the widely adopted breakup model by Luo & Svendsen was used. However, its applicability was questioned.
Źródło:
Chemical and Process Engineering; 2014, 35, 1; 55-73
0208-6425
2300-1925
Pojawia się w:
Chemical and Process Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of different marshalling forms on the aerodynamic performance of the freight train under crosswind
Autorzy:
Xie, Zihao
Wu, Zhenfeng
Zhu, Longhui
Ding, Wangcai
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
freight train
train marshalling
crosswind
aerodynamic drag
lateral force
pociąg towarowy
prowadzenie pociągu
wiatr boczny
opór aerodynamiczny
siła boczna
Opis:
Different types and quantities of freight cars will affect the marshalling forms of freight trains. In order to investigate the influence of the marshalling forms on the aerodynamic performance of freight trains under crosswind, three types of freight cars such as box cars, gondola cars and tank cars, were selected to marshal with locomotives. This paper used Detached Eddy Simulation method (DES) based on the SST k-ω turbulent model to simulate the aerodynamic performance of the freight train under crosswind. The wind speed, wind angle and train running speed were set as 25m/s, 45° and 100km/h respectively. The influence of different marshalling forms on the aerodynamic performance of the freight train such as aerodynamic drag and lateral force were calculated and compared. The results showed that the marshalling forms have significant effect on the aerodynamic drag and the maximum difference of the aerodynamic drag can reach 20.5%. Furthermore, the variations of the lateral force of the whole train and the locomotive are not apparent. The maximum difference is only 4.3% and 4.1% respectively. However, the changes of marshalling forms have obvious influence on the lateral force of each carriage. The maximum difference of the lateral force of the box car, gondola car and tank car is 17%, 20.1% and 24.1% respectively. The essential reason why the marshalling forms has a significant impact on the aerodynamic performance of the freight train is that there are obvious differences in the volume and shape structure of each railway carriage. The large volume of box cars and the cavity structure of gondola cars make their position a key factor affecting the aerodynamic performance of freight trains. Among the six different marshalling forms selected in this paper, the best marshalling form is: locomotive--gondola car--box car--tank car. Both the aerodynamic drag of the train and the lateral force of the boxcar are the smallest by taking this marshalling form.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2021, 59, 3; 57-71
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A model for abnormal grain growth in nano-crystalline materials based on Zener drag force
Model nieprawidłowego wzrostu ziarna w materiałach nanokrystalicznych oparty o siłę pędną Zenera
Autorzy:
Razavi-Tousi, S. S.
Yazdani-Rad, R.
Manafi, S. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354897.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
rozmiar ziaren
nieprawidłowy wzrost ziarna
nanokrystaliczne materiały
grain size
abnormal grain growth
nanocrystalline
Opis:
Abnormal grain growth of a matrix in which normal grain growth has stagnated due to the presence of fine incoherent ceramic particles is studied. A balance between driving and retarding forces is used as the criteria for estimating the steady state. Random and non-random approaches are applied for coarse and nano-grained structure respectively.
Badano nieprawidłowy wzrost ziaren w materiale, w którym prawidłowy wzrost ziaren został zahamowany z powodu obecności drobnych cząsteczek ceramicznych. Równowaga pomiędzy siłami pędną i opóżniającą zostały przyjęte jako kryterium oszacowania stanu równowagi. Zastosowano przypadkowe i nieprzypadkowe podejście odpowiednio do struktury grubo i drobnoziarnistej.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 1; 79-85
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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