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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 113
Tytuł:
The influence of osteoporotic bone structures of the pelvic-hip complex on stress distribution under impact load
Autorzy:
Arkusz, K.
Klekiel, T.
Niezgoda, T. M.
Będziński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
gęstość mineralna kości
BMD
osteoporoza
pelvic-hip complex
PHC
bone mineral density
finite element analysis
FEA
osteoporosis
Opis:
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bone mineral density (BMD) on the stress distribution in pelvic-hip complex (PHC) model which included bone structures and soft tissues. Bone mass changes in osteoporosis and osteopenia were considered in this analysis. In addition, the relations between force direction and stress distribution causing PHC fractures were determined. Methods: This paper presents the development and validation of a detailed 3D finite element model with high anatomical fidelity of the PHC and BMD changes in trabecular and cortical bones, modelled based on CT scans. 10 kN loading was induced on a model consisting of 8 ligaments, the pelvis, sacrum, femur in front and side directions. Results: For validation, the results of this model were compared to physiological stress in standing position and previous results with high-energy crashes under side impact load. Analysis of side-impact indicated the influence of BMD on femoral neck fractures, acetabular cartilage and sacroiliac joint delaminations. Front-impact analysis revealed the inferior pubic ramus, femoral neck fractures and soft tissue injuries, i.e., acetabular cartilage and symphysis pubis in osteoporosis and osteopenia. Conclusions: The elaborated PHC model enables effective prediction of pelvis injuries in high-energy trauma, according to Young-Burgess classification, and the determination of the influence of BMD reduction on pelvis trauma depending on force direction. The correlation between BMD and stress distribution causing varying injuries was determined.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2018, 20, 1; 29-38
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adsorption of Pb(II) using novel Pleurotus sajor-caju and sunflower hybrid biosorbent
Autorzy:
Majeed, A.
Jilani, M. I.
Nadeem, R.
Hanif, M. A.
Ansari, T. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206884.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
ołów
adsorpcja
biomasa
zanieczyszczenie wody
biosorbent
Pleurotus sajor caju
grzyby
lead
adsorption
biomass
water pollution
biosorbents
Opis:
The present study was focused on the technical feasibility of using immobilized hybrid biomass of Pleurotos sajor-caju and sunflower for Pb(II) removal from the contaminated water. After preliminary evaluation, it was found that immobilized hybrid biomass of Pleurotos sajor-caju and sun-flower effectively removed Pb(II) from wastewater at pH 4.5. The effect of various experimental parameters on Pb(II) uptake by hybrid biosorbent was systematically evaluated in a batch biosorption system. The optimized biosorbent dose, contact time, initial metal concentration and temperature were 0.05 g/100 cm 3, 180 min, 800 mg/dm3 and 60 °C. Dynamics of the adsorption process were studied, and the values of rate constants of pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models were calculated. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of Pb(II) were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The sorption of Pb(II) followed the pseudo second order kinetic model. The Langmuir sorption isotherm fitted well to Pb(II) concentration data. The results revealed that this new hybrid biosorbent system was a promising candidate for eliminating Pb(II) from contaminated aquatic environment.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2014, 40, 2; 5-15
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dye-sensitized solar cells using some organic dyes as photosensitizers
Autorzy:
El-Agez, T. M.
Taya, S. A.
Elrefi, K S
Abdel-Latif, M S
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/174328.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
dye-sensitized solar cells
synthetic dyes
Opis:
Eight organic dyes are used as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. These dyes are eosin Y, aniline blue, bromophenol blue, alcian blue, methyl orange, crystal violet, fast green, and carbol fuchsin. The absorption spectra of these dyes are carried out by UV–VIS spectrophotometry. Dye-sensitized solar cells are assembled using nanostructured, mesoporous TiO2 films. Photovoltaic parameters of the fabricated cells are investigated and the highest overall conversion efficiency of 0.399% is obtained for the dye-sensitized solar cell sensitized with eosin Y.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2014, 44, 2; 345-351
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Accumulation of mercury in the biomass of selected pleustophytes
Autorzy:
Sitarska, M.
Traczewska, T. M.
Stanicka-Łotocka, A.
Filyarovskaya, V.
Zamorska-Wojdyła, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207389.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
mercury
biomass
bioremediation
heavy metals
purification
heavy metal removal
mercury accumulation
natural environments
phytoremediation
purification of water
pleustophytes
rtęć
biomasa
bioremediacja
metale ciężkie
oczyszczanie
usuwanie metali ciężkich
kumulacja rtęci
środowisko naturalne
fitoremediacja
oczyszczanie wody
pleustofity
Opis:
Application of phytoremediation process for the purification of the environment, particularly of surface water (running or standing) may be a future alternative to existing standard purification methods, in particular for heavy metal removal. Numerous hyperaccumulators are known which can be used for the purification of water, soil or sediment such as Salvinia or Lemna lemnids, occurring in temperate climates, and thus on the territory of Poland. Ability of mercury accumulation by Salvinia natans and Lemna minor was analyzed. The phytoremediation ability of lemnids was compared depending on their origin - commercial (artificial) cultures and those obtained from the natural environment. Phytoremediation process was carried out for a period of 14 days for the concentration of 0.15 mg Hg/dm3 and 0.2 mg Hg/dm3. It was found that both Salvinia natans and Lemna minor show a significant increase in biomass in the presence of mercury, even up to 76% for Lemna minor and 40% for Salvinia natans. The result of this increase was incorporation a considerable amount of mercury in the tissues of plant. The quantity of mercury in plants biomass was in the range of 41.16-115.28 mg Hg/kg DM, while in the control samples - only 0.2-0.6 mg Hg/kg DM.
Źródło:
Environment Protection Engineering; 2014, 40, 1; 165-174
0324-8828
Pojawia się w:
Environment Protection Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can concurrent teaching promote equal biomechanical adaptations at front crawl and backstroke swimming?
Autorzy:
Costa, M. J.
Barbosa, T. M.
Morais, J. E.
Miranda, S.
Marinho, D. A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307054.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
ekspertyza
kinematyka ruchu
pływak
expertise
kinematics
swimmer
Opis:
Purpose: The biomechanical adaptations in front crawl and backstroke swimming, as influenced by the implementation of a concurrent teaching programme were analysed. Methods: Sixteen participants (19.75 ± 1.13 years) underwent a 30 weeks intervention characterized by an increasing complexity to accomplish motor skills in the following order: (i) lower limbs propulsion; (ii) lower limbs propulsion synchronized with breathing cycle; (iii) lower limbs propulsion synchronized with one upper limb action; (iv) lower limbs propulsion synchronized with both breathing cycle and one upper limb action; (v) full swimming stroke; (vi) motor trajectory of the arms stroke. Performance and biomechanics were measured at front crawl and backstroke during three time points throughout the programme. Results: There were improvements in performance over time at front crawl (21.49 s to 19.99 s, p < 0.01) and backstroke (27.15 s to 24.60 s, p = 0.01). Significant improvements were found for velocity at front crawl (1.13 m/s to 1.22 m/s, p < 0.01) and backstroke (0.92 m/s to 1.00 m/s, p < 0.01). Stroke frequency increased at backstroke (0.64 to 0.73 Hz, p = 0.01), while the intra-cyclic variation of the velocity decreased at front crawl (0.13 to 0.12%, p = 0.02). There was also a moderate-high inter-subject variability in response to the programme. Conclusions: These findings prove that a programme of 30 weeks teaching concurrently front crawl and backstroke is effective to promote similar biomechanical adaptations in low-tier swimmers. However, each subject shows an individual response to better adapt the biomechanical actions and to reach a higher level of expertise.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2017, 19, 1; 81-88
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relationship between performance, dry-land power and kinematics in master swimmers
Autorzy:
Espada, M. C.
Costa, M. J.
Costa, A. M.
Silva, A. J.
Barbosa, T. M.
Pereira, A. F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307228.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
pływanie
kinematyka
energia
master swimmers
kinematic
dry-land power
performance
Opis:
The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationships between sprint swimming performance, dry-land power, and kinematics in master swimmers. Twenty-two male master swimmers were separated in two groups based on their chronological age: (i) 30–39 years and; (ii) 40–49 years. Maximum dry-land power was determined through counter movement jump and 3 kg medicine ball throwing (Hmax and Tmax, respectively). Kinematic determinants of performance were measured during a maximal bout of 15, 25 and 50 m front crawl (T15, T25, T50). Stroke frequency (SF), stroke length (SL) and stroke index (SI) were calculated as kinematical aspects of the stroke. In the 30-39 group, SI25 was correlated to T25 (r = –0.76, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.96), the same was observed between SI50 and T50 (r = –0.83, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.96). Only SI50 was significantly correlated to T50 (r = –0.86, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.97) in the 40–49 years age cohort. In dryland power variables, Hmax and Tmax were only correlated in the younger master swimmers group (r = –0.87, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.97). There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) between younger (30–39 years) and older (40–49 years) swimmers groups in dry-land tests (Hmax 28.5 ± 5.9 vs. 26.5 ± 3.9 cm and Tmax 4.2 ± 1.0 vs. 4.2 ± 1.1 m). Our results suggest that swimming performance in younger master swimmers (30–39 years) seem more dependent on kinematic swimming variables than on strength parameters, which were most related to swimming performance in the older master swimmers (40–49 years).
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2016, 18, 2; 145-151
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tracking young talented swimmers : follow-up of performance and its biomechanical determinant factors
Autorzy:
Morais, J. E.
Saavedra, J. M.
Costa, M. J.
Silva, A. J.
Marinho, D. A.
Barbosa, T. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
prepubescent swimmers
longitudinal assessment
kinematics
drag force
anthropometrics
efficiency
kinematyka
efektywność
pływak
biomechanika
Opis:
The aim of the study was to follow-up the stability of young talented swimmers’ performance and its biomechanical determinant factors (i.e., anthropometrics, kinematics, hydrodynamics and efficiency) during a competitive season. Thirty three (15 boys and 18 girls) young swimmers (overall: 11.81 ± 0.75 years old and Tanner stages 1–2 by self-evaluation) were evaluated. Performance, anthropometrics, hydrodynamics, kinematics and efficiency variables were assessed at three moments during a competitive season. Performance had a significant improvement (with minimum effect size) and a moderate-very high stability throughout the season. In the anthropometrics domain all variables increased significantly (ranging from without to minimum effect size) between moments and had a moderate-very high stability. Hydrodynamics presented no variations between all moments and had a low-very high stability throughout the season. In the kinematics domain, there were no variations between moment one and three, except for an increase in stroke frequency (without size effect). Speed fluctuation remained constant, with no significant variations. All kinematic variables had a low-very high stability. Efficiency variables did not present variations between moment one and three and had a low-moderate stability. Overall, young swimmers showed a minimum improvement in performance and in anthropometric factors; and a moderate stability of performance and its determinant factors (i.e., anthropometrics, hydrodynamics, kinematics and efficiency) during the competitive season.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2013, 15, 3; 129-138
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Muscle torque of healthy individuals and individuals with spastic hemiparesis after passive static streching
Autorzy:
Freitas, S. T. T.
Abreu, E. M. C.
Reis, M. C.
Cunha, B. S.
Prianti, T. S. M.
Lima, F. P.
Lima, M. O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
mięśnie
siła mięśni
rozciąganie
muscle hypertonia
muscle strength
passive stretching
Opis:
Spasticity is one of the main causes of contracture, muscle weakness and subsequent functional incapacity. The passive static stretching can be included as having the purpose of increasing musculoskeletal flexibility, however, it also can influence the muscle torque. The objective is to verify the immediate effect of passive static stretching in the muscle strength of healthy and those who present spastic hemiparesis. There were assessed 20 subjects, 10 spastic hemiparetic (EG) and 10 healthy individuals (CG), including both sexes, aged between 22 and 78 years. The torque of extensor muscles of the knee was analyzed using isokinetic dynamometer. Results have shown that EG has less muscle torque compared to CG ( p < 0.01). In addition, EG presented a decrease in significance of muscle torque after stretching ( p < 0.05), however, it has not shown significant alteration in muscle torque of CG after performing the program that was prescribed. Immediately after the passive stretch, a significant torque decrease can be seen in hypertonic muscle; it is believed that this reduction may be associated with the physiological overlap between actin and myosin filaments and so preventing the muscle to develop a maximum contraction.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2016, 18, 1; 35-39
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electronic flight data acquisition system for remotely piloted aircraft
Autorzy:
Rusiecki, T.
Skowronek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1189977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
centrala danych aerometrycznych
system zbierania danych
sensor bezprzewodowy
RPAS
Air Data Computer
Attitude and Heading Reference System
data acquisition system
wireless sensor
Opis:
This article presents data acquisition system developed for the use primarily in Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems. The system consists of several modules which independently function as Air Data Computer, Attitude and Heading Reference System and Flight Data Recorder. Each module works independently from other modules and also provides capability of real time data transmission. The system is capable of wireless data transmission via ZigBee wireless data protocol. The research may be considered as important and valuable due to the fact that it describes innovative concept of “wireless sensors” system. These type of systems are currently only beginning to appear in commercial applications and such wireless systems appear to be a future of metrology in RPAS applications. Features of each module are stated in the article. The prototype device has been tested and confirmed to be operationally functional.
Źródło:
Interdisciplinary Journal of Engineering Sciences; 2017, 5, 1; 11--26
2300-5874
Pojawia się w:
Interdisciplinary Journal of Engineering Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Removal of heavy metals from groundwater affected by acid mine drainage
Autorzy:
Suponik, T.
Blanco, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110087.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
coal mine waste dumps
acid mine drainage
groundwater
PRB technology
metals
zero-valent iron
Opis:
Batch tests have been used to assess the level of the removal of metals (copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and chromium, in cationic and in anionic forms) from water at low pH values affected by acid mine drainage. The predominant processes which result in the removal with the use of zero-valent iron (Fe0) in Permeable Reactive Barrier Technology were evaluated. The most probable processes for each metal have been presented in drawings. There are: reductive precipitation leading to the metallic form, co-precipitation mainly with iron in the form of oxides and/or hydroxides and adsorption on the surface of iron corrosion products or on the surface of zero-valent iron.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2014, 50, 1; 359-372
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Introduction to the Special Section on State and Parameter Estimation Methods for Sensorless Drives
Autorzy:
Barut, M.
Hinkkanen, M.
Orlowska-Kowalska, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193677.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
sensorless control
extended Kalman filter
unscented Kalman filter
MRAS estimators
neural networks
Opis:
This short article constitutes an introductory part of the Special Section (SS) on State and Parameter Estimation Methods in Sensorless Drives. In the current issue of the journal, the first part of this section is published. Accepted articles are focussed mainly on estimation of the state variables and parameters for vector-controlled induction motor (IM) drives, using different concepts, such as different types of Kalman filters (KFs) and model reference adaptive systems (MRASs). The KF was also proposed for brushless DC motor (BLDC). Also, neural networks (NNs) have been proposed for mechanical state variables’ estimation of the drive system with elastic couplings.
Źródło:
Power Electronics and Drives; 2018, 3, 38; 111-113
2451-0262
2543-4292
Pojawia się w:
Power Electronics and Drives
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relation between filtration and soil consolidation theories
Autorzy:
Strzelecki, T.
Strzelecki, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
filtration
seepage
soil consolidation
underground water
Opis:
This paper presents a different, than commonly used, form of equations describing the filtration of a viscous compressible fluid through a porous medium in isothermal conditions. This mathematical model is compared with the liquid flow equations used in the theory of consolidation. It is shown that the current commonly used filtration model representation significantly differs from the filtration process representation in Biot’s and Terzaghi’s soil consolidation models, which has a bearing on the use of the methods of determining the filtration coefficient on the basis of oedometer test results. The present analysis of the filtration theory equations should help interpret effective parameters of the non-steady filtration model. Moreover, equations for the flow of a gas through a porous medium and an interpretation of the filtration model effective parameters in this case are presented.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2015, 37, 1; 105-114
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrocarbons removal from underground coal gasification water by organic adsorbents
Autorzy:
Lutynski, M.
Suponik, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
underground coal gasification
permeable reactive barrier
Langmuir adsorption isotherm
Opis:
The main problems in the case of the undergorund coal gasificiation process is the possible pollution of surrounding aquifers. The underground gasification cavity is a source of both gaseous and liquid pollutants and these are mainly aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, heavy metals and others. In order to prevent underground water from pollution a permeable reactive barrier was proposed. The filling was granulated activated carbon and SPILL-SORB (peat) – two commonly available sorbents adequate for hydrocarbons removal. The wastewater (synthetic solution which simulated groundwater contaminated with the UCG products) was prepared by mixing distilled water with desired amounts of substances such as phenols, benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene etc. Batch tests were performed in order to measure sorption of phenols and benzene from the post-UCG water on the mentioned sorbents. Experimental results were fitted with linear and non-linear Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The obtained data showed that removal of phenols and benzene in case of GAC was much more efficient. However, sorption was lower than in the case of literature data and can be explained by complex composition of the solution and pre-treatment of the samples. The Langmuir model gave a better fit in the case of GAC, whereas Freundlich isotherm model was matching the data better in case of SPILL-SORB.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2014, 50, 1; 289-298
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Peat and lignite leaching process with tetralin in autoclave to produce oil
Autorzy:
Depci, T.
Karta, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/110838.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
leaching
Adiyaman peat
Elbistan lignite
paraffinic-low waxy oil
Opis:
Instead of directly burning a lignite having low calorific value and peat, the Elbistan lignite (L) and the Adiyaman peat (P) were mixed and leached in an autoclave to obtain an oil to not only provide the demand for energy but also protect the environment. The effects of the peat ratio in the mixture on the properties of co-liquefaction products (oil, char, asphaltene, and preasphaltene) and oil yield were investigated in details. The products were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and elemental analysis. In addition, the composition of the oil was identified by GC/MS, showing that the peat ratio did not affect the chemical composition of the oil due to the high lignin content and the nearly same elemental compositions. On the other hand, the oil yield for a co-liquefaction process was found as 34.3% to be higher than the average value of oil yields obtained from the individual feeds (24.3% for lignite and 28% for peat), showing the synergistic effects between the lignite and peat. The obtained oil was paraffinic-low waxy oil with 5138.62 kcal/kg of calorific value and 0.94 g/cm3 density. Finally, it was suggested that the production of a more valuable product using the peat and the lignite having low calorific value will not only contribute more to the country's economy in future but also be better for the environment, instead of directly burning them.
Źródło:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2018, 54, 2; 334-342
1643-1049
2084-4735
Pojawia się w:
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trzy Kramy Bogate odkryte we Wrocławiu
Three Rich Stalls discovered in Wrocław
Autorzy:
Chorowska, M.
Dziedzic, T.
Krzywka, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/293576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
kramy
średniowiecze
miasto
stalls
Middle Ages
city
Opis:
W artykule omówiono trzy dawne Kramy Bogate odkryte w kamienicy przy ul. Przejście Żelaźnicze 4/6. W średniowieczu Kramy Bogate stanowiły ważną część zabudowy handlowej bloku śródrynkowego. Sprzedawano tu wyroby żelazne, metale kolorowe, farby, chemikalia, wosk, bakalie i przyprawy. Składały się one z 48 komór kupieckich, ustawionych w dwóch rzędach. Między północnym i południowym rzędem komór pozostawiono Przejście Kramów Bogatych, zwane obecnie Przejściem Żelaźniczym. Komory były zwrócone frontami w jego kierunku. W trakcie remontu kamienicy przy ul. Przejście Żelaźnicze 4/6 natrafiono na fragmenty murów średniowiecznych, zachowanych głównie w ścianach między dawnymi kramami. Wykonano je z cegieł palcówek w wątku gotyckim. Na podstawie wcześniejszych badań architektonicznych Kramów Bogatych ustalono, że budynki komór były dwukondygnacyjne i podpiwniczone. Partery były kryte stropem i mogły osiągać wysokość od 4,5 do 4,6 m. Odkryte obecnie elementy wystroju i wyposażenia kramów to: relikty pieca w głębi kramu nr 3, otwór wejściowy z kramu nr 3 do 4 i jeszcze jeden otwór, przypominający okno, choć znajdował się we wnętrzu budynku. Miał on piaskowcowy parapet położony na wysokości 60 cm i piaskowcowe obramienie od strony kramu nr 3. Otwór znajdował się tuż przy fasadzie budynku, a jego kamieniarka była konstrukcyjnie spleciona z kamiennym portalem wejścia do kramu 3 z uliczki. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że od samego początku kram 3 był połączony z sąsiednim od strony wschodniej. Ze względu na prostą formę nadproży otworów i ich duże rozmiary należałoby datować ich powstanie na 2. poł. XIV w. Kompleksowe i szczegółowe badania architektoniczne miały też zasadnicze znaczenie dla późniejszych prac konserwatorskich. Odkryte relikty, a zwłaszcza kramu 3, stanowią pierwszy we Wrocławiu przypadek zachowanego i częściowo wyeksponowanego przyziemia komory kupieckiej.
The paper refers to the three former Rich Stalls, which were found in the building located at Przejście Żelaźnicze 4/6 St. In the Middle Ages the Rich Stalls were an important part of commercial buildings of the intermarket block. Iron products, non-ferrous metals, paints, chemicals, wax, dried fruits and spices were sold there. The Rich Stalls consisted of 48 chambers of trade, arranged in two rows. Between the northern and southern row of the chambers, the Rich Stalls Passage was left, now called Przejście Żelaźnicze. The chambers of trade were facing this passage. During the renovation of the building at Przejście Żelaźnicze 4/6 St., fragments of medieval walls were discovered, preserved mainly in the walls between the former stalls. They were made of hand-made bricks with original finger traces in the Gothic thread. On the basis of earlier architectural studies of the Rich Stalls, it is known that the chambers were two-storey buildings with basements. The ground floors were covered with ceilings and could reach a height of 4.5 to 4.6 m. Presently discovered architectural and equipment elements were: relics of the oven that was located in the back of the third stall, the entrance from the stall No. 3 to 4 and one more opening, resembling a window, although located inside the building. It had a sandstone sill located at a height of 60 cm and a sandstone framing from the side of the stall No. 3. This feature was located just at the facade of the building and its stonework was structurally interwined with the stone portal of the entrance from the street to the third stall. The study shows that from the beginning the stall No. 3 was connected to the neighbouring chamber from the east side. Due to the simple form of lintels and their large sizes, their origin should be dated to the second half ot the 14th century. Comprehensive and detailed architectural studies were also essential for subsequent restoration works. The discovered relics, especially those of the stall No. 3, is the first example of preserved and partially exposed ground floor of a chamber of trade in Wrocław.
Źródło:
Architectus; 2015, 3(43); 35-46
1429-7507
2084-5227
Pojawia się w:
Architectus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 113

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