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Tytuł:
Odkrycie najstarszej datowanej drewnianej cerkwi w Ukrainie
Finding of the oldest dated wooden church in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Slobodian, Vasyl
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536838.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
architektura cerkiewna
cerkiew
architektura drewniana
Stara Skwarzawa
Ukraina
Opis:
The article presents the circumstances of finding the oldest wooden tserkva in Ukraine, in the village Stara Skvaryava near Zhovkva. The finding was made on the occasion of creating documentation of the renovation of that disused church. The oldest references to the village Skvaryava come from 1515, and to the church itself – from 1578. The subsequent broader information regarding the church appeared in the 18th century protocols of parish visitation. The protocols contain also information about moving the church from Glinsk to Stara Skvaryava in 1715. That building is identified as a wooden single domed eastern type church from the 16th century on the basis of an analysis of sources. Along with the church, an iconostasis with icons from various periods was moved to Stara Skvaryava. Its oldest part was probably made by the masters from Przemyśl in the 16th century, and the other parts in the 17th and 19th century. The protocol of a Dean’s visitation of 1792 informs that the church was restored at the end of the 18th century. From 1947 to 1989 the church was closed. Opened in the early 1990s, it was used until completion of construction of a new brick church in 1995. The monument, abandoned since then, needed an urgent renovation. According to some sources, the currently existing wooden church was built in 1820. However, the earlier origin of the church can be confirmed by the window openings typical of the beginning of the 18th century. The discovery in 2008 of the inscriptions on the wall of the nave: „АФИ” and „ѿ АѰ Сей цркви С лѣтъ без осми”, allows unambiguously to date the church at 1508 and confirms the information of its moving from Glińsk. The celebrations of the quincentenary of the church on Michaelmas in 2008 became a true feast for all inhabitants and unified them in the pursuit of preservation and restoration of the original look of the church. In spring 2009 renovation works began and were continued in the next years when financial resources were available. Taking into consideration a unique character of the church and its original equipment, as well as the fact that this is the oldest Ukrainian wooden eastern type church with a known date of construction, it is necessary to aim at listing it in the National Register of Cultural Heritage of Ukraine.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2014, 1; 75-87
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drewniane świątynie odzyskują blask – prace konserwatorskie przy wybranych zabytkach północno-wschodniego dorzecza Sanu (północnej części województwa podkarpackiego) na przykładzie Ulanowa, Dąbrówki, Krzeszowa i Huty Krzeszowskiej
Wooden churches regain their glamour – conservation works at the selected monuments of the north-eastern basin of the San river (the northern part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship), the cases of Ulanów, Dąbrówka, Krzeszów and Huta Krzeszowska
Autorzy:
Podubny, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539548.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
architektura sakralna
architektura drewniana
drewniane kościoły
drewniane cerkwie
prace remontowo-konserwatorskie
Opis:
The article presents a group of wooden churches located in the northern part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in the area of the Nisko county. The county is divided by the San river, and the monuments in question are located on the right-bank part, at a close distance from each other. In the introduction the author presents the reasons for selecting the churches in Dąbrówka, Krzeszów, Huta Krzeszowska and Ulanów. The main argument was the fact that they have been subjected to serious repair and maintenance works in recent years. Another one is an attempt to present these not well-known monuments to a wider audience. Then the reasons for their limited recognition are explained. The article also briefly discusses the context of a historic changes of national and governmental affiliation of the area where the churches are located and the effects of them. In the next part of the text, which is fundamental for the article, the author presents individual monuments. First, the cemetery church in Ulanów is described. Its fire in 2002 drew greater attention to other surviving wooden churches in the area. Works at this temple have already been accomplished, while in recent years a renovation of the parish church in Ulanów were started (another monument described in the article). The description of particular monuments includes their history presented in a synthetic manner, a short description of the buildings with a focus on the most significant parts, as well as a reference to the valuable elements of the equipment. A greater emphasis was put on the presentation of the known repair and maintenance works from around 19th century, through the 20th century, and finally underlining the works carried out in recent years. A longer paragraph is devoted to another wooden church situated in Dąbrówka because the building has several enigmatic features suggesting that it should become an object of a broader historical and architectural research. After the description of the recent conservation works concerning the monuments, the article shows the direction in which the subsequent projects proposed by the owners should follow, and it suggests other objectives as worth considering. This is the case of the description of the next church located in Huta Krzeszowska. In the church bell tower there is a polychrome under which the author noticed another, older painted layer. Owing to the condition of the polychrome, it is suggested to urgently examine it and perform conservation works. The last monument described is located in Krzeszów. It is an extraordinary church, owing to its form, size and an exceptionally precious inner decoration. In this case, attention was focused on local Association “Rotunda” which made a great contribution to rescue and gradually restore the church in Krzeszów. The article is summed up by a short description of the progress of works on particular monuments and the presentation of conclusions. They relate to the applied method of covering wall and roof. It is also emphasized that there is a need of care for accurate reproduction of woodwork. Another conclusion is a visible great commitment of the parishioners to the preparation and conduct of the repair works. A final remark concerns other churches which, unfortunately, are not treated with such care as the described ones. The church in Zarzecze, close to Ulanów, was given as an example.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2014, 1; 119-140
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dziesięć lat Drewnianych Kościołów Południowej Małopolski na Liście światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO
Ten years of the Wooden Churches of Southern Małopolska on the UNESCO World Heritage List
Autorzy:
Fortuna-Marek, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
kościół
architektura drewniana
architektura sakralna
Lista światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO
kościoły drewniane
Małopolska
Opis:
Ten years, which passed since the Wooden Churches of Southern Małopolska have been inscribed into the UNESCO World Heritage List, pose a great opportunity to present the activities and successes in the area of preservation and widely understood protection of these unique sites. The main purpose behind the UNESCO List is ensuring relevant protection to the most valuable cultural goods to preserve them in possibly unchanged form for the future generations. Therefore, the issue, whether current guardianship and protection of the Małopolska churches are sufficient for maintaining their unique and universal value, authenticity and integrity, is worth discussing. The Wooden Churches of Southern Małopolska are a serial inscription covering six Gothic churches built using the horizontal log technique and located in the following localities: Blizne, Binarowa, Dębno Podhalańskie, Haczów, Lipnica Murowana and Sękowa. The churches have been subject to numerous important conservation and renovation works throughout the last ten years. Their scope varied depending on the church, its needs and requirements. Apart from the conservation and renovation works necessary to preserve the sites of world heritage in due manner, the actions aiming at delivery of the tasks under the UNESCO World Heritage Convention have been taken. To ensure possibly highest protection standards of the UNESCO List sites in Poland, including wooden churches of Małopolska, the actions targeted on their monitoring and assessment of preservation, scientific research and works aiming at proper site management have been performed. These works were carried out for the most under the statutory tasks of the National Heritage Board of Poland. Two separate Polish and Norwegian projects aiming at improving the system of world heritage protection in Poland and Norway and working-out better and more effective methods for managing the sites inscribed into the UNESCO List were delivered within the scientific works. Research performed under both these projects covered also the wooden churches of southern Małopolska.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2014, 2; 139-153
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Małopolska architektura drewniana w grafice artystycznej Dwudziestolecia (1918-1939)
Wooden Architecture of Małopolska in the Graphic Arts of the Years 1918-1939
Autorzy:
Maksymiuk, Michał
Marcinek, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Małopolska
architektura drewniana
grafika
Opis:
Dominating the landscape of Małopolska over centuries, the wooden architecture was not deemed to be interesting for many years, although it was an indispensable element of the cultural landscape of the region. As late as in the 19th century, artists going out and searching for picturesque background for genre scenes noticed whitewash houses, round domes of orthodox churches and towers of Roman Catholic churches. Works discussing the topic of wooden architecture in the years 1918-1939 may be divided into two groups – works aiming at possibly close presentation of the reality and those where wooden architecture has been treated as a cultural framework for e.g. scenes presenting folk customs, but without any attempt to make buildings more individual. Wooden architecture had a strong influence on the works of Jan Kanty Gumowski, Józef Pieniążek, Janina Nowotnowa. Formally processed, it is present in the works of Józef Kluska-Stawowski, Tadeusz Kulisiewicz, Bogna Krasnodębska-Gardowska and others. More unrealistic, almost as an ideogram, it has been used in works of a wide range of artists whose master was Władysław Skoczylas. The topic of folk customs, and, as a consequence, of wooden architecture, was often used in the works of Stanisław Ostoja-Chrostowski, Jan Wojnarski or Edmund Bartłomiejczyk. Artists were most interested in Podhale, submontane areas and wooden architecture of the region, but other regions of Małopolska also had their admirers. In the interwar period, graphics lost their former documentary significance, but it does not mean that monument experts should loss their interested in them. It often presents a world which does not exist. It is also a proof of the interest in wooden architecture, its sophisticated and, at the same time, archaic form.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2013, 1-4; 309-323
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ZACHOWANE – OCALONE? O KRAJOBRAZIE KULTUROWYM I SPOSOBACH JEGO KSZTAŁTOWANIA Pod red. Iwony Liżewskiej i Wiktora Knercera. Wyd. Stowarzyszenie WK Borussia, Olsztyn 2003
PRESERVED – SAVED? ON THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AND MANNERS OF ITS SHAPING ED. BY IWONA LIŻEWSKA AND WIKTOR KNERCER, PUBLISHED BY STOWARZYSZENIE WK BORUSSIA, OLSZTYN 2003
Autorzy:
Sadowska-Mazur, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538919.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Warmia i Mazury
krajobraz kulturowy
dziedzictwo kulturowe
architektura dworska
architektura ludowa
krajobraz wiejski
Opis:
Preserved – Saved? On the Cultural Landscape and Manners of Its Shaping is a collection of texts – the result of two conferences organised in July 2000 and September 2002 by the Borussia Cultural Community society. The leitmotif of both meetings was the cultural landscape as well as the possibilities of its shaping and protection, while the point of departure was the rural landscape and the region of Warmia and Mazuria. The authors include persons professionally associated with the protection of historical monuments and preservation, as well as the owners of historical objects. The book is divided into three parts, the first being Historia – Dziedzictwo – Zmiany (History – Legacy – Changes), bringing the reader closer to the cultural legacy of Warmia and Mazuria, not merely the historical aspects but also from the present-day perspective. The second part, entitled Współczesność – Projekty – Realizacje (Contemporaneity – Projects – Realisations), contains texts about the discussed issues on a local level as well as a wider, supraregional one. Finally, the part on Siedziby – Losy – Ludzie (Residences – History – People) describes the personal experiences of various people who decided to tame the alien element and begin a new life under an “old roof”. The merits of the books include its handy size, hard cover, and lavish illustrations. The publication is enhanced by biogrammes of authors, presented at the end. The only flaw is the absence of topographic references. Although the major part of the publication deals with Warmia and Mazuria, it also contains texts about Lithuania or Sweden. The book is addressed to the lovers of Warmia and Mazuria, historians of art, conservators and laymen.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2003, 3-4; 154-156
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W sprawie badań nad architekturą ludową
Autorzy:
Tłoczek, Ignacy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539394.pdf
Data publikacji:
1958
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
architektura ludowa
badania nad architekturą ludową
podział architektury ludowej
badania historyczne nad architekturą ludową
regionalne formy architektury ludowej
struktura społeczna wsi
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1958, 1-2; 19-34
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy i tendencje ochrony zabytków sakralnych na Ukrainie
Issues and tendencies of protecting historic religious buildings in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Gerycz, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Żółkiew
zabytki sakralne
architektura sakralna
Ukraina
architektura drewniana
cerkiew
ikonostas
ikony
Lista Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO
Opis:
Since time immemorial Ukraine has been the center of Eastern Christianity. Many temples were built in Kiev and towns nearby. The ones which survived until this day are treated as the most valuable national historic objects. In the whole country, despite the fact that religious life was being ruined in various periods, especially in the east during Soviet times, many religious historic objects exist. After Ukraine regained independence, the number of voices favoring the protection of cultural heritage began increasing. An appropriate legislation system was created, the state and individual regions readily started joining in to protect and restore historic objects, believers commenced helping with the work related with religious objects. Many good examples of church, orthodox church, monastery and wooden religious architecture restoration can be given. However, the consciousness of congregations and the representatives of the clergy is not always at theappropriate standard. Frequently, the urge to make a profit, the use of wrong technology, or the dishonesty of contractors lead historic objects – the witnesses of our history – to destruction. To improve the level of protection of historic religious objects, the dialogue between society and the clergy has to be broadened, specialists’ activity in the field must be supported, and legalregulations need to be refined.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2010, 1-4; 7-15
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zabytkowa drewniana architektura mieszkalna wileńskiego Zwierzyńca
Historic wooden residential architecture of Vilnius Zwierzyniec district
Autorzy:
Szałygin, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535369.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
architektura drewniana
architektura mieszkalna
zabytkowa architektura
Wilno
Zwierzyniec
rzeka Neris
Wilia
naliczniki (casing; наличники)
Lew Vitgenstein
konstrukcja wieńcowa
konstruktywizm
dach mansardowy
styl „szwajcarski"
Opis:
The cultural landscape of Vilnius cannot be fully presented without experiencing and describing Zwierzyniec District – a place which is unique from the point of view of wooden architecture lovers, with inimitable values deserving the highest recognition and promotion. In the general plan of Vilnius of 1848-1859, Zwierzyniec does not occur yet – it constituted then a private property situated beyond the city borders. Soon after it was included into the borders of Vilnius in 1901, a network of streets had been fully shaped, and most of the territory developed. In interwar period, the development was even extended, which also included a change in quality – as also brick houses were built. Before 1901, 14% of buildings came into being, 64% – before the World War I, 22% have been built since 1940. In 1938, only 20% of buildings in the district were of brick, the other were made of wood. After World War II, the district virtually remained unchanged – both the road layout as well as old buildings which create the familiar image of this cosy district maintained. The analysis of the process of shaping of this district allowed to confirm its harmonious development, using historical influences which formed over centuries and traditional lay of the land. The historical buildings still dominate – more than 60% of existing facilities are pre-war buildings. Preservation of authenticity of the district – its historical tissue, its plotting and authentic buildings becomes more and more urgent task in the face of proceeding changes and transformations, even if they are, fortunately, slow. Without protecting the most valuable elements of Zwierzyniec district, it would be impossible to retain the unique values of it for future generations.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2010, 1-4; 215-244
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studia nad średniowiecznym warsztatem budowlanym zamku krzyżackiego w Papowie Biskupim
The study on the medieval building workshop of the teutonic castle in Papowo Biskupie
Autorzy:
Wiewióra, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536185.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Papowo Biskupie
zamek
zakon krzyżacki
archeologia
średniowieczny warsztat budowlany
średniowieczna architektura
architektura obronna
konserwacja i ochrona zabytków
Opis:
Papowo Castle is located about 35 km to the north of Toruń. It is distinguished by careful, stone construction. The history of this building, as well as its form, chronology and spatial distribution, has not been identified so far. Since 2005, archaeological and architectural studies were conducted on this unusual object. The work was carried by a team consists of archaeologists, conservators, ceramologists, etc. who are employed at the Nicolaus Copernicus University. This article presents a summary of current knowledge of the construction workshop and the results of archaeological and architectural studies – among others characteristic building elements discovered during archaeological research like tiles, floor tiles, ceilings elements, etc. Papowo Castle is an example of the komtur’s (governor) residence. It consisted of the main castle (the building of the convent) and lover castle. It belonged to a group of the smallest objects of this type in this region. Throughout the last century the castle and the surrounding were reconstructed on the basis of C. Steinbrecht studies published in 1888. Archaeological research conducted in 2005-2012 confirmed that previously castle reconstruction couldn’t be acepted. It turned out that there was no second line of the wall surrounding the Castle in the form visible on Steinbrecht reconstruction. From the north side there was only external, shallow funded wall. The main gate, a characteristic element of the castle, was closed by a wall running perpendicular to the north curtain. It was also found that there was no moat separating the high castle from lover castle. Translated by Marcin Wiewióra
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2013, 1-4; 179-198
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jarosław Jarzewicz, "Gotycka architektura Nowej Marchii : budownictwo sakralne w okresie Askańczyków i Wittelsbachów", Poznań 2000 : [recenzja]
Autorzy:
Grzybkowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Jarosław Jarzewicz
„Gotycka architektura Nowej Marchii”
Budownictwo sakralne w okresie Askańczyków i Wittelsbachów
Nowa Marchia
architektura templariuszy
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2001, 3; 341-343
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ciesiołka i modernizm. Wokół architektury drewnianej Franciszka Kopkowicza
Carpentry and modernism. The wooden architecture of Franciszek Kopkowicz
Autorzy:
Skiepko, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21151111.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
architektura drewniana
Franciszek Kopkowicz
ciesielstwo polskie
architektura Zakopanego
wooden architecture
Polish carpentry/woodworking
architecture of Zakopane
Opis:
Zakopiańskie biuro architektoniczno-budowlane wykształconego w Wiedniu oraz we Lwowie architekta Franciszka Kopkowicza było najprężniej działającą jednostką projektową w Zakopanem w okresie międzywojennym. Wspólnie z bratem Leonem zaprojektowali w Zakopanem przeszło 150 budynków. Ich twórczość jest bardzo zróżnicowana stylistycznie: obok modernistycznych pensjonatów o płaskich stropodachach i funkcjonalnych budynków użyteczności publicznej pojawiają się także zaprojektowane w unikatowej stylistyce wille i pensjonaty wzniesione z drewnianych płazów w technologii zrębowej. To właśnie w tej ostatniej dziedzinie – ciesielstwie – Franciszek Kopkowicz zapisał się na kartach historii. Pracując dziesiątki lat w zakopiańskiej Państwowej Szkole Przemysłu Drzewnego, wykształcił rzeszę cieśli, architektów i inżynierów. Opublikował dwa dzieła, kluczowe dla nauki zawodu: Ciesiołka wiejska i małomiasteczkowa oraz Ciesielstwo polskie. Publikacje te są kopalnią fachowej wiedzy, z której czerpiemy do dziś. Jednak do teraz nie powstało żadne szersze opracowanie poświęcone życiu i twórczości Franciszka Kopkowicza. Dzięki przeprowadzonym rozmowom z członkami rodziny oraz dzięki analizie materiałów źródłowych zgromadzonych w archiwach, w tym w prywatnych archiwach spadkobierców, udało się dokonać krótkiego podsumowania pracy i dorobku tego architekta, inżyniera, pedagoga, publicysty i konserwatora zabytków.
The architectural and construction studio in Zakopane of the Vienna- and Lviv-educated architect Franciszek Kopkowicz was the most active design entity in Zakopane in the interwar period. Together with his brother Leon, they designed more than 150 buildings in Zakopane. Their work is very diversified in terms of style: alongside flatroofed modernist guest houses and functional public buildings stand villas and guest houses designed in a unique style and built of timber logs. It was in the latter field – carpentry – that Franciszek Kopkowicz made history. Having worked for decades at the Zakopane State Wood Industry School, he educated a great many carpenters, architects and engineers. He published two works that were pivotal in teaching the profession: Ciesiołka wiejska i małomiasteczkowa [Rural and small-town carpentry] and Ciesielstwo polskie [Polish carpentry]. These publications are a mine of expert knowledge, which are still drawn on today. However, to date, no wider study has been compiled on the life and work of Franciszek Kopkowicz. Thanks to interviews with family members and an analysis of source materials accumulated in the archives, including the private archives of his heirs, it has been possible to compile a brief summary of the work and achievements of Franciszek Kopkowicz, an architect, engineer, educator, publicist and conservationist.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2023, 1; 53-91
0029-8247
2956-6606
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dziedzictwo drewnianej architektury w Polsce
Heritage of wooden architecture in Poland
Autorzy:
Szałygin, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538495.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
architektura drewniana
budownictwo drewniane
ochrona zabytków
dziedzictwo
Opis:
Temples occupy a special place in the history of wooden architecture in Poland. Wooden manor houses are an inherent feature of our landscape, too. Wood was also used in the construction of public utility buildings, mostly taverns and village inns, often featuring interregional style characteristics. There is also a great variety of wooden structures used for industrial and craft purposes in rural areas. Other examples of wooden architecture can be found in built-up areas of small towns, typologically corresponding to the requirements of the historical delineation of land parcels, as well as in summer resorts and spas dating back from the turn of the 19th century. Wooden buildings and structures are of course the most abundant in the country. Buildings made of timber were prevalent in rural areas until the late fifties of the 20th century. Since early sixties, however, the number of wooden buildings has been decreasing steadily, which is mostly attributable to devastation and to a lesser extent to modernization trends. As a result, the traditional timber construction industry has completely disappeared in many regions of Poland. The small percentage that has survived serves as a proof of its architectural value, constituting a one-of-a-kind wooden architecture heritage on a European and even on a global scale. In fact, the most important Polish contribution to the history and evolution of global architecture is associated with wooden architecture. Preservation of historical monuments and sites in Poland has been approached with concern for centuries and has a long history and tradition. Since the second half of the 19th century, preservation of memorabilia and objects from the past, which provide historical insights into the previous epochs and events, has been regarded as a moral obligation, in accordance with the principle that the most important values should be passed down not only within the family, but also as items of national heritage. The preservation and care of historical monuments was regulated by legislative means soon after Poland regained its independence in order to ensure legal protection for specific objects of national heritage. Public administration bodies were also established to perform tasks associated with the preservation of historical sites and buildings. Due to the huge scale of destruction after the Second World War, preservation of historical monuments was practically reduced to conservation (reconstruction) activities in several chosen urban centres. The interest of the then decision makers did not extent to historical buildings and sites in most cities and villages – especially those in the so-called recovered territories or those representing manor architecture formerly belonging to “class enemies”, industrial architecture, parks, gardens and cemeteries. Wooden buildings and structures were at the highest risk of being destroyed. The transition from conservation interventions to conservation planning is said to have taken place in the mid-fifties of the 20th century. Unfortunately, preservation of historical monuments, including wooden buildings of historical value, was underfunded. Most appropriations were allocated for the most precious and unique buildings and structures. The number of wooden buildings of historical value which have been destroyed or fallen into disrepair since the war is very large. The two existing pieces of legislation: the Act on the protection of cultural heritage assets and the Act on the protection and care of historical monuments and sites have not been effective in preventing their disappearance from our landscape. The protection of the remnants of wooden architecture in our cultural landscape should be given more focus in today’s conservation activities (mostly in situ measures) to preserve the largest possible number of wooden structures in their original state, because it is this authenticity that makes them so precious. To this end, the local carpentry culture and the local wooden construction traditions must be revived if wooden structures of historical value are to be restored in a professional way by properly qualified carpenters and contractors. Conservation plans should take advantage of the revival of interest in wood as a construction material in the last two decades. More and more houses are being designed with wood as the principal construction material or one of construction materials, drawing on the tradition of century-old regional forms and restoring harmony and visual balance of our landscape. This means that the heritage of Polish wooden architecture will be continued in a new dimension and in a new space, revealing the beauty and plasticity of this material and its technical potential, often not fully appreciated or known.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2013, 1-4; 281-298
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problem odbudowy starych miast na przykładzie Szczecina
THE PROBLEM OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF OLD TOWNS. CASE STUDY OF SZCZECIN
Autorzy:
Radacki, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535863.pdf
Data publikacji:
1978
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
powojenna odbudowa starych miast
architektura środowiskowa
odbudowa Szczecina
Opis:
The starting point o f the paper is the situation which has so far prevailed in Polish town planning and led to wrecking of the original and regional traits o f historical towns. In the author’s opinion reconstruction of an urban centre should tend, first and foremost, to creation o f the so-called environmental architecture depending on the townscape of the cities concerned. The townscape is a resultant of their history, the creative atmosphere of the given region and geographical environment. Implementation of the idea of the so-called environmental architecture would force the designers to make their projects of modern buildings revert to the preserved historical forms and maintain the traditional character o f the given city, e.g. that of a trade centre, the essential elements of which would be pedestrina ways and enclosed shopping centres referring to the traditional urban pattern. The point is that the old town districts be not onerous to inhabitants but, due to removal therefrom o f offices and vehicular traffic — residential areas with a high social standard. The first Polish town reconstructed in consonance with those new principles is Szczecin. It was there that satisfaction of the needs o f the population has been reconciled with the idea of preservation o f the relics of the past, i.a. of the mediaeval lay-out of streets, the castle o f the Dukes o f Pomerania, the town hall, burghers’ houses etc. The author describes the project, of 1955, for the reconstruction of the Old Town and criticizes some o f the work implemented in consonance with it. His proposals concerning the final work still to be carried out within the frameworks of that reconstruction are followed by a postulate for an individual treatment of, and approach to, the historical architecture of every town. What is meant here is the need for matching the height of the new buildings with that of the historical ones and providing for adequate pictorial views. The new architecture has not necessarily to refer to historical forms. It should not, however, divert attention from historical monuments, nor be a stereotype one. What is also required is its good quality. All the traits mentioned above are essential since they emphasize the contact of the different epochs in the development o f culture.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1978, 1; 28-34
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inwentaryzacja zabytków drewnianego budownictwa przemysłowego – przeszłość, teraźniejszość i postulaty na przyszłość
Inventory of historical wooden industrial architecture – the past, present and postulates for the future
Autorzy:
Kantorowicz, Klara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20874589.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
inwentaryzacja architektoniczna
dokumentacja zabytków
architektura przemysłowa
architektura wernakularna
przemysł tradycyjny
architectural inventory
documentation of monuments
industrial architecture
vernacular architecture
traditional industry
Opis:
Drewniane budownictwo związane z przemysłem tradycyjnym stanowiło jeszcze na początku XX wieku istotny element krajobrazu kulturowego polskich wsi i miasteczek. Ze względu na szkody wojenne oraz przekształcenia gospodarcze zasób ten, dłużej nieużytkowany, uległ w dużej mierze zniszczeniu. Stosunkowo trudne do zaadaptowania na nowe funkcje budynki, wykonane z nietrwałego materiału i niegdyś stanowiące świadectwo zamożności danej okolicy, wciąż giną, zubożając polski krajobraz budowlany. Dlatego istotna jest kwestia dokumentowania tego szczególnego zasobu, a zwłaszcza wykonywanie dla takich zabytkowych budynków inwentaryzacji architektonicznych, które zawierają najpełniejszą informację o obiekcie i jego wyposażeniu. Rozwój narzędzi cyfrowych pozwala na coraz precyzyjniejsze i sprawniejsze wykonywanie pomiarów, stwarzając szansę na zintensyfikowanie inwentaryzacji zabytków drewnianej architektury przemysłowej.
Wooden architecture, associated with the traditional industry, was still an important part of the cultural landscape of Polish villages and small towns in the early 20th century. Due to war damage and economic transformation, this resource, which had been unused for a long time, has significantly deteriorated. Relatively difficult to adapt to new functions, buildings made of nondurable material, though once a testimony to the prosperity of a given area, are still disappearing, thus impoverishing the Polish construction landscape. It is, therefore, essential to document this particular resource and, especially, to carry out architectural inventories for such historical buildings, which contain optimally complete information about the object and its furnishings. The development of digital tools allows for increasingly precise and efficient measurements, creating the opportunity for more widespread inventories of historical wooden industrial architecture.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2022, 1; 75-108
0029-8247
2956-6606
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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