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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Konie w służbie salinarnej
    Horses in the Salt Mine service
    Autorzy:
    Charkot, Józef
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1574601.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Konie
    służba salinarna
    stajnie
    kopalnia soli
    wieliczka
    transport
    Horses
    Salt Mine service
    salt mine
    stables
    Opis:
    Horses supported miners’ work throughout the period of the production operation of the Wieliczka and Bochnia salt mines. The only thing that changed was the nature and scope of this assistance. Initially it was limited to the maintenance tasks of saltworks farms, salt transport to warehouses by the Vistula River and the supply of wood for the protection of underground workings. From the middle of the fifteenth century, horses were incorporated directly in the process of salt production as traction force for horsemills installed over shafts. In the next century in Wieliczka and in the seventeenth century in Bochnia horses also started to work underground. Until the 1860s, they mainly served horsemills, and later, in the era of mechanized vertical transport, they served the underground horizontal transport. Most horses in both mining centers were working in the eighteenth century – about 60 in the Bochnia mine, and in Wieliczka usually more than 100. In the first one, the last horse finished its work in the 1970s, and in the second one only in 2002. Horses were surrounded with due care by miners who actually cared about their nutrition, health, proper work and rest regimens. Employees of the mine and animals “employed” for a longer time developed a special bond.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2014, 29; 69-98
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Katastrofalny wyciek słodkiej wody w poprzeczni Kloski w wielickiej kopalni soli w 1868 roku. Reminiscencje społeczne
    The catastrophic leak of fresh water in the Kloski cross-cut in the Wieliczka salt mine in 1868. Social reminiscences
    Autorzy:
    Skubisz, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Wieliczka
    kopalnia soli
    Kloski
    Colloredo
    wyciek wody
    salt mine
    water leak
    Opis:
    Gwałtowny wyciek słodkiej wody w poprzeczni Kloski na V poziomie wielickiej kopalni w 1868 r. zapoczątkował walkę z żywiołem, która trwała 11 lat. Dość szybko dolne partie kopalni zostały wypełnione wodą, istniało też realne zagrożenie zalania pozostałych wyrobisk, powstania obwałów i zapadlisk powierzchniowych. Starano się nie dopuścić do dalszych zniszczeń, niestety pierwsze próby zatamowania wypływu okazały się nieudane. Do Wieliczki przybywali eksperci, którzy mieli zdecydować, jak uchronić kopalnię przed dalszymi stratami, a nawet całkowitą likwidacją. Sprowadzono maszyny parowe i pompy o dużej mocy, by stopniowo usuwać wodę z zatopionych komór i chodników. Kiedy wydawało się, że sytuacja została opanowana, doszło jednak do ponownego gwałtownego wypływu wody w poprzeczni Kloski, a później w poprzeczni Colloredo 2. Ostatecznie wypływ został zatamowany wskutek samoczynnego zaciskania się odkrytych wcześniej kawern. Informacje o zagrożeniu kopalni i samej Wieliczki odbiły się szerokim echem na ziemiach dawnej Polski, a nawet daleko poza jej granicami. Prasa lokalna i zagraniczna początkowo niemal codziennie dostarczała informacji o sytuacji w wielickiej kopalni. Spotkało się to z wielkim zainteresowaniem i szerokim odzewem społecznym, który wyrażał się m.in. przesyłaniem do saliny wielickiej – zarówno przez fachowców, jak i amatorów – licznych telegramów oraz listów z radami, mającymi pomóc w zatamowaniu wycieku. Zagrożenie dla kopalni, a co za tym idzie dla pracujących w niej ludzi, miało też duży wpływ na mieszkańców Wieliczki, którzy obawiali się o źródło utrzymania oraz o swoje domy. Opisane wydarzenie z zakresu techniki, górnictwa nieoczekiwanie znalazło swe odzwierciedlenie w literaturze i sztuce. Tworzono szkice, rysunki, odbitki graficzne oraz obrazy olejne. Natomiast jako wotum za uratowanie wielickiej kopalni przed zalaniem słodkimi wodami wypływającymi z poprzeczni Kloski powstała na poziomie IIw kopalni kaplica św. Krzyża.
    The sudden leak of fresh water in the Kloski cross-cut at level V of the Wieliczka mine in 1868 was the beginning of the struggle against forces of nature, which lasted 11 years. Quite quickly, the lower parts of the mine were filled with water; there was also a realistic threat of flooding of the remaining excavations, emergence of rock slides and surface subsidence. Efforts were made to prevent further damages; unfortunately, the early attempts to eliminate the outflow turned out unsuccessful. Experts came to Wieliczka to decide how to protect the mine against further losses or even overall liquidation. Steam engines and pumps of high capacity were introduced to gradually remove water from the flooded chambers and galleries. However, when it seemed that the situation was under control, another sudden outflow of water took place in the Kloski cross-cut and then in the Colloredo 2 cross-cut. Ultimately, the outflow was blocked by spontaneous clamping of the previously discovered caverns Information on the threat to the mine and to Wieliczka itself gained great publicity in the former lands of Poland and even far from its borders. Initially, the local and foreign press provided reports on the situation in the Wieliczka mine almost every day. In response, the general public showed great interest in the issue, expressed – among other things – by letters and telegrams sent to the Wieliczka saltworks both by amateurs and professionals, advising the authorities on how to eliminate the leak. The threat to the mine and the people working in it exerted substantial impact on the Wieliczka inhabitants, who feared for their jobs and houses. This purely technical and mining event was unexpectedly reflected in literature and art. Sketches, drawings, graphic prints and oil paintings were created. As a votive offering for saving of the Wieliczka mine from flooding with fresh water flowing out of the Kloski cross-cut, the Chapel of Holy Cross was constructed at level II of the mine.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2020, 34; 82-179
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nadzór Starostwa Górniczego w Krakowie nad Kopalnią Soli w Wieliczce w latach 1872-1918
    Supervision of the mining starosty in Cracow over the Wieliczka Salt Mine between 1872 and 1918
    Autorzy:
    Krokosz, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1574541.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Nadzór
    Starostwo Górnicze
    Kraków
    Kopalnia Soli
    Wieliczka
    Supervision
    Mining starosty
    Cracow
    Salt Mine
    Opis:
    Between 1860 and 1873, Galicia, which formed a part of the Habsburg Empire, received a number of social and political rights which remained in force until 1918 and became known in history as the period of “Galician Autonomy.” In 1871, the Minister of Galicia was appointed. The central state authorities were represented by an intendant (with the headquarters in Lvov), appointed by the emperor and subordinate to the government in Vienna; on the other hand, starosts from individual poviats and police directors were subject to the intendant. The chief local authority was the National Sejm, whereas the National School Council supervised education. Local government bodies were poviat and commune councils, elected locally. In 1869, Polish language was introduced as the official language of administration and courts in Galicia. The period of Galician Autonomy, so important for the entire Polish society that inhabited this crown-land (Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria), was equally significant for the functioning of the Wieliczka Saltworks. Spatial development of the mine took place during the rule of the Austrian administration; changes were introduced in salt deposit exploitation, production and transport of extracted salt. These activities required provision of proper security measures for the personnel working in the mine and for the tourists visiting the designated section of underground pits. Issues related to social benefits for the mine personnel also played a significant role. All these aspects required supervision on the part of relevant instances of mining authorities, i.e. the Mining Starosty in Cracow (since 1871) and the District Mining Office subordinate to it. Throughout all the years of its functioning, the Mining Starosty performed all tasks contained in the act that established in it a very meticulous – and sometimes even pedantic – manner. Relevant activities referred primarily to permanent control of the mine with respect to compliance with safety standards, both underground and on the surface (verification of technical status of the haulage machines, fire-extinguishing equipment, etc.). The Mining Starosty supervised the activities of the Wieliczka “Brotherly Fund” (“Kasa Bracka”), a mining self-help cooperative and other organisations operating by the saltworks. Supervision over the mine, and in particular over explosives used during mining work, acquired special dimension before the outbreak of WWI, when the Mining Starosty was made liable for strict implementation of guidelines of political and military authorities. The mining institutions established in 1871 continued to operate after Poland regained its independence in 1918 and survived, sometimes in slightly changed forms, until the 1920’s.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2015, 30; 69-108
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zagrożenie metanowe w Kopalni Wielickiej
    Methane Threat Explosion In Wieliczka Salt Mine
    Autorzy:
    Charkot, Józef
    Wiewiórka, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1574552.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Zagrożenie
    metan
    Kopalnia Wielicka
    gaz
    złoże
    wybuch
    Methane
    Threat
    Explosion
    Wieliczka
    Salt Mine
    gas
    Opis:
    Methane threat has accompanied miners in the Wieliczka salt mine since the very beginning of salt extraction. Methane leaks caused serious impediments in safe conduct of underground work, whereas methane ignition and explosions resulted in burns and fatalities among the mining personnel. Increased probability of occurrence of this dangerous gas existed with respect to work in the “spiz” salt deposits and in the vicinity of southern and northern border of the bed. It also accumulated in significant amounts in the Crystal Grottoes and in their direct vicinity. Manners of eliminating methane threat changed throughout history: from preventive methane burning, improvement of ventilation and modern techniques of methane detection. Mining regulations were also used to ensure safety.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2015, 30; 109-127
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Infrastruktura Wieliczka w latach 1772-1918
    Infrastructure of Wieliczka between 1772 and 1918
    Autorzy:
    Krzysztofek, Danuta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/487342.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Infrastruktura
    Wieliczka
    miasto
    kopalnia soli
    techniczna infrastruktura
    szyby górnicze
    Infrastructure
    city
    salt mine
    mine shaft
    technical infrastructure
    Opis:
    This study is devoted to the broadly-understood technical infrastructure and analysis of development of its individual areas which exerted significant impact on the proper functioning and development of Wieliczka during the times of the Austrian partition. The following issues are discussed in the study: transport infrastructure, both road and train, provision of the city and the mine with water (water supply system from the Lednice ponds of 1803, water supply systems from ponds: na Grabówkach, Syberia, from the Park of Empress Elizabeth, supplying water to the mining shafts and providing potable water from Bieżanów), discharge of sewage, lighting (starting with oil lamps, through kerosene and gas laps and ending with electric lights) and communication, i.e. the beginnings of the telegraph and telephone. Some of these discoveries are still used in Wieliczka, e.g. the potable water pipeline from Bieżanów and the main collector discharging sewage from the city. The saltworks power plant did not stand the test of time. The developing town was forced to get connected to the electric main of the city of Cracow. Transport infrastructure was significantly modernized and improved. Railway was electrified and roads were rebuilt.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2012, 28; 115-170
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dzieje Szybu Regis
    History of the Regis shaft in Wieliczka
    Autorzy:
    Charkot, Józef
    Gawroński, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1574568.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Szyb
    Wieliczka
    Kopalnia Soli
    Rewitalizacja
    Urządzenia szybowe
    Budowa szybu
    Shaft
    Salt Mine
    Revitalization
    Shaft machine
    Shaft building
    Opis:
    The object of the study is the history of the oldest shaft – out of shafts that are still operating – of the Wieliczka Salt Mine. Hollowed out in the centre of the town in the middle of the 14th century, it continued to be the main mining shaft incessantly for approx. 600 years. It was the first shaft to be deepened below level I of the mine (18th century). Here, technical novelties in vertical transport were introduced and the first steam winding machine in Wieliczka was launched in 1861 and later an electric one (1912). The authors present the following issues in detail: construction and deepening of the shaft, modernization of winding machines, the salt mill and the surface infrastructure, changes in nomenclature and revitalization. Available historical sources were used, along with iconographic accounts, mining cartography and technical documentation. The Regis shaft, after completion of renovation work in 2012, started a “new life” contributing to streamlining of tourist traffic in the Wieliczka Salt Mine.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2012, 28; 7-30
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Opis trasy turystycznej Kopalni Soli Wieliczka w świetle opracowania Jana Nepomucena oraz ludwika Emanuela Hrdinów z 1842 roku
    Description of the Wieliczka Salt Mine tourist route in the light of a study conducted by John of Nepomuk and ludwig Emanuel Hrdina in 1842
    Autorzy:
    Konwerska, Barbara
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/487317.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
    Tematy:
    Opis
    trasa
    turystyczna
    J.N.i L.E.Hrdina
    kopalnia
    soli
    Wieliczka
    Description
    tourist
    route
    salt mine
    Opis:
    Geschichte der Wieliczkaer Saline is a unique source for every researcher who is learning about the history, geology and mining technique of the Wieliczka salt mine. The authors, professionally connected and obviously fascinated by the Wieliczka mine, created its full picture, taking into consideration all the aspects of everyday life of a salt business. The versatility of the 1842 publication is strongly evidenced by the last part of the monograph − Beschreibung der Werkwürdigkeiten des Wieliczkaer Steinsaltzwerkes als Leitfaden bei der gewühnlichen Gasttour− prepared by Ludwig Emanuel as an appendix presenting the tourist route of that time. The entire work of the Hrdina brothers, which consists of texts, lithographs and maps, brings us closer to the multilayered picture of the history of the Wieliczka salt mine until the first half of the 19th century. The text of this appendix, its lithographs and maps form a  specific guide which contains not only a description of the then route, but, above all, guidelines for “strangers” planning to visit the Wieliczka salt mine. This collection could function, independently from the 1842 study, as an individual book dedicated to masses of tourists coming to Wieliczka. This illustrated material allowed visitors not only to consolidate and organise their memories, but it also enabled all those who had never reached the Wieliczka mine to familiarise themselves with the underground picturesque world, with its peculiarity and mysteries. It is therefore not surprising that until 1892, when Awit Szubert took the first black and white photographs of the Wieliczka mine interiors, the drawings prepared by the Hrdina brothers and their detailed description of the tourist route were the most frequently used information and illustrative materials for numerous national and foreign publications about Wieliczka. Before 1892, the management board would answer each query concerning the mine’s interior images with recommendations to use the lithographs by Ludwig Emanuel Hrdina and John of Nepomuk. The authors of the 1842 monograph not only managed to capture the exceptional picture of the Wieliczka salt mine, but they also succeeded in recording a rare phenomenon of the 19th century − an underground tourism. What is more, the uniqueness of the Wieliczka salt mine lies in the fact that it is one of the oldest tourist attractions in Poland, as well as one of the first fully organised tourist destinations. It is important to remember that in the 19th century partitioned Poland, over 100 museums were established. Most of them were founded in the second half of the 19th century, when the Wieliczka mine had already introduced a well-organised and well-functioning system of first fees for visitors. In January 1868 the salt mine authorities announced the first tariff in the history of Wieliczka tourism. They used attractions originally prepared for special, crowned guests. Purchased tickets involved lighting of the underground route and aforementioned additional attractions. It is worth adding that in the second half of the 19th century Austrian salt mine administration established, apart from the underground tourist route, Museum of the Mining School − an educational centre with scientific support and a  small exposition of souvenirs in the building of the Rudolf’s shaft top, commemorating personalities visiting the mine. At the very end of the 19th century these meticulously gathered elements were located in the Salt Mine Museum in the so-called Sztygarówka building. Finally, it should be noted that the tourist route, once accepted by the Austrian authorities, to a certain extent has been operating to this day. Naturally, over these 200 years its reach and character have changed significantly. Today’s underground route includes more than 40 chambers. This is twice the number of the route from the first half of the 19th century. Another important aspect is that over the past few years decorations of individual mine workings have changed. This can be most easily seen in the Drozdowice Chamber, where a wooden pillar and cribs were built during the years 1900- 1901. It is worth noting that the then route did not include the most famous underground chapel in the world, the Chapel of St. Kinga. Its first foundations were laid around 1895. Nonetheless, the modern tourist route occupies the same area as the one from the first half of the 19th century, i.e. the mine workings concentrated around the Daniłowicz Shaft. As a result, part of those intended for visitors in the first half of the 19th century is also available for tourists coming to Wieliczka today. These include the Daniłowicz Shaft, the Antonia Shaft, chambers of Urszula, Michałowice, Drozdowice, Józef Piłsudski (formerly the Rosetti/Majer chambers), Pieskowa Skała, Sielec, Spalona and St Anthony’s Chapel. Certainly, their interiors are quite different today. What is important, however, both today and in the Austrian times tourists visited the same part of the mine, which by its hosts was considered the most elegant and representative of the history of the Wieliczka salt mine. For nearly 250 years, since the Austrians introduced the first tourist route, significant and irreversible changes in the mine’s layout and design have taken place. All the descriptions and accounts that have been preserved from the old times give us a picture of the mine workings and the scope of services provided. In this context, the 1842 publication and its illustrations should be regarded as invaluable.
    Źródło:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce; 2017, 32; 10-68
    0137-530X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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