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Tytuł:
„Lubelska” Polska Partia Socjalistyczna w świetle artykułów z „Robotnika Polskiego w Wielkiej Brytanii” oraz „Światła”
The “Lublin” Polish Socialist Party in the Light of Articles from Robotnik Polski w Wielkiej Brytanii and Światło
Autorzy:
Juchowski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1634212.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-27
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Polska Partia Socjalistyczna
Polska Partia Robotnicza
ugrupowania koncesjonowane
„Robotnik Polski w Wielkiej Brytanii”
„Światło”
Adam Ciołkosz
Zygmunt Zaremba
Polish Socialist Party
Polish Workers’ Party
licensed groups
“Robotnik Polski w Wielkiej Brytanii”
“Światło”
Opis:
Koncesjonowana Polska Partia Socjalistyczna funkcjonowała od września 1944 r. do „zjednoczenia” z Polską Partią Robotniczą w grudniu 1948 r. W oficjalnej, propagandowej narracji „lubelska” PPS była partią samodzielną, posiadającą wpływy w aparacie państwowym, zatroskaną o los środowisk robotniczych. Powoływano się także na kontynuowanie tradycji ugrupowania założonego w 1892 r. W artykule została przedstawiona działalność tej partii z punktu widzenia emigracyjnych przedstawicieli autentycznej PPS. Jednym z nich był „Robotnik Polski w Wielkiej Brytanii”, wydawany w Londynie, na czele którego stał Adam Ciołkosz, oraz miesięcznik „Światło” wydawany w Paryżu przez redaktora naczelnego Zygmunta Zarembę. W tekście przedstawiono kwestie historii i autentyczności „lubelskiej” PPS, ich rzeczywistych relacji z Polską Partią Robotniczą, wpływu ugrupowania w aparacie państwowym, różnic wewnątrzpartyjnych oraz relacji z partiami zachodniej Europy.
The licensed Polish Socialist Party (PPS) was active from September 1944 until its “reunification” with the Polish Workers’ Party in December 1948. According to the official propaganda narrative, the “Lublin” PPS was an independent party, having influence in the state apparatus, and it was concerned with the fate of the workers. It also made reference to the traditions (continuation) of the party established in 1892. The article presents the activity of this party from the point of view of the representatives of the authentic PPS in exile. One of them was the newspaper “Robotnik Polski w Wielkiej Brytanii” [Polish Worker in Great Britain], published in London and headed by Adam Ciołkosz, and the monthly “Światło” [Light], published in Paris by Editor-in-Chief Zygmunt Zaremba. The text discusses the history and authenticity of the “Lublin” PPS, its actual relations with the Polish Workers’ Party, the influence of this group in the state apparatus, intraparty differences and relations with western European parties.
Źródło:
Studia Polonijne; 2020, 41; 237-253
0137-5210
Pojawia się w:
Studia Polonijne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Walka o utrzymanie narodowego (demokratycznego) ideału wychowawczego w polskiej oświacie w latach 1944-1947
The Struggle for Maintaining the National (Democratic) Educational Ideal in Polish Schools in 1944-1947
Autorzy:
Składanowski, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Szkolnictwo
Tajna Organizacja Nauczycielska
Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego
Polska Partia Robotnicza
Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe
Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej
Ministerstwo Oświaty
Związek Nauczycielstwa Polskiego
education
Clandestine Teachers' Organization (TON)
Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN)
Polish Workers' Party (PPR)
Polish Peasants' Party (PSL)
Provisional Government of National Unity (TRJN)
Ministry of Education
Polish Teachers' Association (ZNP)
Opis:
After the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) had been established, Communist education activists came to Poland from the Soviet Union. The group was led by Dr Stanisław Skrzeszewski who was appointed Head of the Education Department in Lublin. In order to draw teachers to work in the Polish school that was being rebuilt, they had to completely change the views of education they had propagated before. These were tactical actions supposed to neutralize the teacher circle's unfavorable or hostile attitudes. This resulted from the fact that the education structure of the London Government Delegation and the Clandestine Teachers' Organization (TON), working on the liberated lands, were under the influence of the Peasants' Party (SL), and they did not join the new authorities' organizational work, as they did not trust the Polish Workers' Party or the National People's Council. This is why in the “Appeal to the Polish Teachers” issued on 1 August 1944 by the Education Department in Lublin it was, among others, stated, that “The teacher has a complete freedom of democratic political views, speech and actions, according to his views”. The people managing the Education Department, knowing the moods prevailing in the society, did not want to introduce radical changes at the initial stage, and the curriculum, including history, was the same as the one before the war. This is proven, among others, by the “Directions for organizing public primary schools in the school year 1944/45”. Such actions resulted from the social-political situation obtaining in Poland at that time. The new authorities did not want to indispose the Polish society and the teachers towards themselves, as the Communist education activists coming from the USSR were already looked at with suspicion. They were also afraid for their own future fate, as the PKWN, and then the Provisional Government were not recognized by the two remaining superpowers of the anti-Hitler coalition, that is, the United States and Great Britain. This had a great influence on the compromise solutions decided on in the field of education. In the new Provisional Government of National Unity (TRJN) appointed on 28 June 1945, on the basis of the agreement between the three superpowers concluded in Jalta, a Polish Peasants' Party (PSL) activist, the president of the Polish Teachers' Association (ZNP), Czesław Wycech became Minister of Education. When Czesław Wycech took over the function of the minister, the Communists, partly debarred from the posts of authority, still tried to influence the crucial decisions, keeping some of the most important positions. Żanna Kormanowa, an education activist who came from the Soviet Union, is a good example here. She had the key function of the Head of the School Reform and Curricula Department. Despite fears of losing it the Communists were able to keep the position. Formally not controlling the Ministry of Education, they in fact had a lot of influence on the curricula that were being prepared. Many PPR activists knew that establishing the TRJN was a necessary compromise. However, they could not understand why the party had given up just this ministry, as their educational work done so far was assessed as very good by the party leaders. They thought that reconstructing the contents of school education in history and forming a new, communist educational ideal, were an indispensable condition in the planned ideological attack. In this way a situation arose, in which the changes in education were being introduced by teachers connected with PSL, who did not agree with the former Ministry of Education's conception of reform. They did not accept the education ideal postulated by PPR, either. On the contrary, the main educational aims, which the Ministry of Education headed by the PLS pursued, were: “the principles of democracy understood as respect for human rights for freedom, for full development, for participation in material and cultural achievements according to one's work and abilities, as aspiration for dividing hardships and burdens that an individual has to bear for the common good”. These aims proved that the PSL wanted to build a fully democratic state, which was contrary to the principle of “the dictatorship of the proletariat” proclaimed by the PPR. However, in the situation that obtained at that time the Communists had to tolerate the views presented by the Ministry of Education. Until the forged elections of 1947 the Ministry tried to resist the PPR's influences and aimed at democratic changes in Poland, which was reflected, among others, in the curricula that were then issued. Having seized all the power in 1947 the Communists started putting into effect the ideals of education based on Marxist-Leninist ideology, alien to Polish people. Deserted in its struggle for democracy the PSL, supported practically by the Church alone, subjected to repressions and exposed to actions aiming at its dissent, was not able to defend the democratic and national education. The education ideas proclaimed by the PSL after the war were returned to practically only after the rise of the “Solidarity” trade union in 1980, and started being put into effecty after the breakthrough of 1989, when Poland regained full independence.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2004, 52, 2; 57-70
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Walka polityczna i personalna w lubelskich organach PZPR w okresie październikowym na tle walk frakcyjnych w KC PZPR w 1956 r.
Political and personal struggle in the Lublin organs of the Polish United Workers Party in the October period against the background of faction struggles in the Central Committee of the PUWP in 1956
Autorzy:
Wypych, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1887491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Rewolucyjna Grupa Studentów
Rewolucyjny Związek Studentów
„Pod Wiatr”
Związek Bojowników o Wolność i Demokrację
Komitet Wojewódzki Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej w Lublinie
Revolutionary Group of Students
Revolutionary Association of Students
Against the Wind
Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy
Provincial Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party in Lublin
Opis:
Powstanie frakcji w KC PZPR po XX Zjeździe KPZR miało zasadniczy wpływ na sytuację w niższych ośrodkach partyjnych. Brak silnego przywództwa spowodował powrót Władysława Gomułki, który w 1956 r. cieszył się niezachwianym poparciem społecznym. W Lublinie popularność Gomułki wykorzystali studenci UMCS należący do partii. Organizując wiece poparcia dla wyboru Gomułki na stanowisko I sekretarza, chcieli zaskarbić sobie przychylność społeczeństwa województwa, by zrealizować własne cele polityczne. Grupa była przeciwna nowo wybranemu I sekretarzowi KW Władysławowi Kozdrze, którego do Lublina przysłał KC. Grupę tą nazywamy rewizjonistami. Oprócz grupy studentów w KW PZPR w Lublinie zawiązały się dwie grupy. Pierwsza z nich, będąca ówczesnym kierownictwem komitetu, miała na celu zachowanie zajmowanych stanowisk. W związku z ich postawą nazwani zostali koniunkturalistami. Powrót Gomułki nie był przychylnie przez nich przyjęty. Druga z grup, związana w lubelskim oddziałem ZBoWiD-u, miała na celu przejęcie władzy w KW. Prawdopodobnie osoby te cieszyły się poparciem Mieczysława Moczara. Ich cel został zrealizowany w listopadzie 1956 r., lecz po miesiącu grupa utraciła stanowisko I sekretarza KW na rzecz popieranego przez KC Władysława Kozdry. Kozdra w grudniu 1956 r. zlikwidował w KW ośrodki opozycyjne wobec siebie, pozostając do 1971 r. I sekretarzem KW PZPR w Lublinie. Główni przedstawiciele grupy koniunkturalistów i grupy związanej z ZBoWiD-em, zostali przeniesieni na inne stanowiska, nieoznaczające partyjnej degradacji. Grupa rewizjonistów została rozwiązana i utraciła wszelkie znaczenie polityczne.
Formation of factions in the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party after the 20th Congressof theCommunist Party of the Soviet Unionhad a fundamental effect on the situation in minor party centers. A lack of a strong leadership caused the return of Władysław Gomułka who in 1956 enjoyed widespread support of the Polish society. In Lublin Gomułka's popularity was used by UMCS students who were party members. By organizing rallies to support Gomułka as a candidate for the post of the First Secretary of the Party they sought to win the hearts of the society of the region in order to achieve their own political aims. the group opposed the new First Secretary of the Provincial Committee Władysław Kozdra who was sent to Lublin by the Central Committee. This group is called revisionists. Apart from the student group two other ones were formed in the Provincial Committee. One of them, that was at the time the leadership of the Committee, aimed at maintaining their positions. This is why they were called opportunists. They did not welcome Gomułka’s return. The other group, that had ties with the Lublin section of the Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy aimed at seizing power in the Provincial Committee. Probably they enjoyed the support of Mieczysław Moczar. Their aim was achieved in November 1956, but after a month the group lost the position of the First Secretary, taken by Władysław Kozdra who was supported by the Central Committee. In December 1956 Kozdra suppressed the opposition centers in the Provincial Committee and he remained the First Secretary of the Provincial Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party until 1971. The main representatives of the opportunist group and of the group connected with the Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy were transferred to other positions that did not signify a degradation in the party. The revisionist group was disbanded and lost any political significance.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2014, 62, 2; 143-172
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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