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    Tytuł:
    Uwagi o organizacji Kościoła luterańskiego w Prusach Wschodnich w latach osiemdziesiątych XVIII wieku
    Remarks on the Organization of the Lutheran Church in East Prussia in the Eighties of the 18th Century
    Autorzy:
    Nowicki, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955010.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Prusy Wschodnie
    Prusy Książęce
    Kościół luterański
    luteranie
    organizacja terytorialna
    patronat
    liczba duchownych
    Ludwik Ernest Borowski
    wiek XVIII
    East Prussia
    Prince's Prussia
    Lutheran Church
    Lutherans
    territorial organization
    patronage
    number of pastors
    18th century
    Opis:
    The article presented above is concerned with a few aspects of the work of the Lutheran Church in East Prussia. It is first of all based on Ludwik Ernest Borowski's work Neue Preußische Kirchenregistratur, die neuern Verordnungen und Einrichtungen Kirchen- und Schulsachen im Königreiche Preußen enthaltend. Nebst einigen zur kirchengeschichte Preußen gehörigen Aufsätzen. The author also uses earlier sources, like the list of churches of 1720 included in Walter Hubatsch's three-volume work concerned with history of the Lutheran Church in East Prussia and Daniel Arnoldts' presbyterology published in 1777. In the present article the problems are discussed of territorial organization of the Lutheran Church structures in East Prussia. These problems especially include the issue of the number of parish churches and succursal ones in particular Lutheran provinces and inspections, the proportions between the number of parishes and the number of succursals, their localization in towns and in the country. Other questions touched upon in the article are concerned with the kind of the right of patronage over the churches mentioned by Borowski and with the number of clergymen involved in pastoral work in those churches. The presented studies show that in East Prussia Borowski noted down 334 parishes and 62 succursals. The former ones constituted over 84% of all the Lutheran churches. The percentage of churches localized in towns was 18%. The Prussian king had patronage over nearly 2/3 of all the mentioned churches. The percentage of the churches of noblemen's collation was about 35, and towns' was 2.5. Two country parishes were under the patronage of the Grand Royal Hospital in Königsberg. In the studied period 412 clergymen worked in Lutheran churches in East Prussia. Taking into consideration both parish churches and succursals, there could be one pastor for each church, but on the average more of them worked in town parishes than in country ones.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2000, 48, 2; 91-111
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Architektura dworska w Prusach Książęcych i na Warmii. Studium genezy i odrębności
    Manor Architecture in Prince’s Prussia and in Warmia a Study of its Origin and Distinctive Features
    Autorzy:
    Rzempołuch, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1954559.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Opis:
    In the discussed area, e.i. the province of East Prussia whose borders were established before the conference of Versaille, there were more than 1000 buildings that had the features of manor architecture, 200 of them in Warmia. The number and the state of preservation of the existing buildings as well as the documentation of the lost objects make it possible to undertake general and comparative studies that could introduce the problems of manor architecture to the public again. At present it is even more important because of the serious troubles connected with protecting this category of historical buildings. Architecture, independent of its own meaning, is an excellent, very well understood even today, illustration of settlement and civilisation processes. In the former Prussian areas it is a testimony about their multi-ethnical and multi-cultural character; it also reveals the moments in history when they participated in the transformation of European art. This is one of the motifs undertaken in the study. The author discusses selected groups of buildings and particular residences, from the earliest ones belonging to the period of late Renaissance, to works from the borderland of the baroque and classical styles. In many cases the categories of style prove to be useless for evaluating this architecture. Among the oldest buildings only the body of the Renaissance manor of the zu Eulenburg family in Galiny near Bartoszyce built in the 80-ties of the 16th century (re-built in the 18th century) has been preserved. The peripheral walls of the mannerist palace of the zu Dohna family in Słobity built in the years 1622-24 were used during the extension of the residence at the break of the 17th century. The von Rauters’ late-Renaissance manor in Wilkowo Wielkie near Kętrzyn built in the years 1596-1606, in whose place von Dönhoffs built a completely new monumental palace, is known from cataloguing drawings. Residences in Prussia at that time were fortified, according to an old custom. The buildings we know, built at the end of the 16th and in the first half of the 17th centuries, are completely isolated works with universal forms encountered in the architecture of Silesia (Galiny), north and south Germany (Wilkowo Wielkie), and even Denmark and the Netherlands (Słobity). Evolution of the manor architecture in Prussian lands from the second half of the 17th century was going on under the influence of the Elector’s and then the King’s court in Berlin. In this way Ducal Prussia found its place among the contemporary creative transformations of art in this part of Europe. In the upper layer of the architecture of Ducal Prussia at the end of Elector Friedrich Wilhelm’s rule at first the ‘clear’ Dutch trend dominated, and then French influences proved decisive. From the valuable country residences of that period only Chancellor Johann von Kospoth’s one-story mansion in Licze near Kwidzyn (1664) has been preserved; it is the oldest preserved example of this kind of architecture. Also the mansions in Willkûhnen and Wundlacken near Königsberg are worth mentioning. The brick face that was characteristic of those buildings remained one of the significant means of aesthetic expression of Prussian noblemen’s abodes incessantly until the 20th century. Von Lehndorffs’ palace in Sztynort (designed before 1689, partially realized) and the Warmia bishops’ two residences in Lidzbark (at the castle and in the garden) have their closest analogies in the works of the excellent Dutchman Tylman of Gameren, working in Poland (died 1706). The bishops’ buildings, because of their novelty and originality of their composition and construction solutions may be numbered among the most interesting architectural projects of those times in the area of the Polish Republic. Towards the end of the 17th century architects ever more courageously passed from following Dutch and French models to forming their own identity in architecture; a significant role was played here by the main architect of the Berlin court, Johann Arnold Nering (1659- 1695), who built the Charlottenburg palace. As the only one from the group of the most excellent Berlin architects he participated in transforming Königsberg from a declining provincial centre to the rank of the real co-capital of the state, as from 1701 it was the coronation city of the Prussian kings. Architects connected with the court designed the most important at that time buildings in Ducal Prussia. The design of the hunters’ palace Gross Holstein near Königsberg that was built as a suburb residence for Elector Friedrich III (1693- 1697) is attributed to Nering. Joachim Schultheis von Unfried (1678-1753) built the king’s palace as the eastern wing of the castle (1704-1713). Also Huguenots, Jean Baptiste Broebes (about 1670-1720) and Jean de Bodt (1670-1745), numbered among those who gave Berlin a new look, marked their presence. The former formulated the concept of extension of the Dohns palace in Słobity (1695). De Bodt designed the palace in Gładysze (built in 1701-1704) for the zu Dohns and the Friedrichstein palace (1709-1714) for the Dönhoffs. John von Collas (1678-1753) from Lorraine used the project of Friedrichstein for building another residence for the Dõnhoffs in Drogosze (the proper name of the Dönhoffstädt property, 1710-1714). Attention should be paid to the numerous works by the less known architect, Johann Caspar Hindersin (1677-1738) who worked for zu Dohn’s family in Markowo and Słobity before starting work for the state. It is still unknown who is the author of the most famous and also probably most outstanding Prussian residence – the Finckensteins-Dohns’ palace in Kamieniec Suski (1716-1720), well known for the fact that in 1807 the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and Maria Walewska stayed there. Soon after 1700 two basic models were formed of the Prussian country residence, compact and functional, adjusted to the severe climate and not yielding to unambiguous criteria of the style. The first one, on a regular two-way projection with a big entrance-hall and the living room on the axis, was reduced to a two-story form with slightly stressed middle two-sided break, covered with a mansard or hip-roof. The second model, on an analogous projection, was limited to a one-story building with a two-story break; the attic was always habitable. Mansions having such a form were usually distinguished by a high basement that had various household functions. They were still built at the beginning of the 19th century, also in Warmia. In the article special features are discussed of the occurring types of buildings and the most valuable ones are presented in detail. Always when there are close connections between the buildings and European architecture the author tries to show them
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2002, 50, 4; 197-242
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prowno-społeczne aspekty zabójstw dzieci narodzonych i aborcji na Śląsku w latach 1742-1914
    Legal and social aspects of the murders of newborn babies and abortions in Silesia between 1742-1914
    Autorzy:
    Myszor, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1806910.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-11-16
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    penalizacja aborcji
    dzieciobójstwo
    akuszerki i lekarze
    historia prawa karnego
    w Prusach
    penalization of abortion
    infanticide
    midwifes and doctors
    history of criminal law in
    Prussian
    Opis:
    Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy. W pierwszej części Autor prezentuje przegląd poglądów na temat przerywania ciąży od czasów starożytnych aż do nowożytnych, kładąc szczególny akcent na rozwój terminologii i ukryte w niej znaczenia. Dowodzi, że szczegółowa penalizacja czynu, jakim było przerywanie ciąży – utożsamiane do czasów nowożytnych z zabójstwem – uzależnione było od chronologii ciąży. Dokonuje również rozróżnienia między aborcją (przerwaniem ciąży) a zabójstwem dziecka już narodzonego. Obydwa czyny w prawie pruskim były obwarowane wysokimi karami, z karą śmierci włącznie. W drugiej części artykułu omawia praktyczne aspekty ochrony życia nienarodzonych i zjawisko przerywania ciąży oraz zabójstwa dzieci narodzonych dokonywane przez matki, położne i znachorów.
    The article is a review study. In the first part the author presents a review of the opinions on the termination of pregnancy from the ancient times until modernity, focusing particularly on the development of terminology and meanings implied in it. The article proves that detailed penalization of the termination of pregnancy – until modern times equated with a murder – depended on the chronology of pregnancy. The author distinguishes an abortion (termination of pregnancy) from the murder of a newborn child. In the Prussian law, severe punishments (including the capital punishment) were administered for both deeds. In the second part of the article, the author discusses practical aspects of the protection of unborn children, the problem of pregnancy termination and murders of newborns committed by mothers, midwifes and folk healers.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2014, 24, 4; 109-123
    1507-7896
    2544-5227
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Piętnastowieczne rachunki plebanów z Torunia i Brodnicy jako źródła do badania dziejów parafii w państwie Zakonu Krzyżackiego w Prusach
    Die Rechnungen der Pfarrherren von Thorn und Strasburg aus dem 15. Jahrhundert als Quellen zur Erforschung der Geschichte der Pfarreien im Deutschordensstaat
    Autorzy:
    Radzimiński, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955119.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Opis:
    Außerordentlich wichtige Quellen zur Geschichte der Kirche im mittelalterlichen Deutschordensstaat bilden die Rechnungen der Pfarrherren der Thorner Johanneskirche und der Katharinenkirche in Strasburg i. Westpr. (Brodnica). Diese Quellen haben unterschiedlichen Inhalt. Die zweite nennt die Einkünfte des Strasburger Pfarrers Andreas Sandberg für die durchgeführten Gottesdienste in den Jahren 1439-1445, während wir es im Falle des Thorner Pfarrers von St. Johannis Johann von Ast mit einer Aufschlüsselung seiner Ausgaben in den Jahren 1445-1446 zu tun haben. Auch wenn uns die aus der Grundversorgung des Klerus stammenden Einkünfte recht gut bekannt sind, wissen wir nur sehr wenig über seine Einnahmen für die Durchführung der Gottesdienste. Ähnlich verhält es sich mit den täglichen Ausgaben der Geistlichen für die Bedienung, Lebensmittel, Medikamente usw. Deshalb sind diese beiden Verzeichnisse so ungewöhnlich und außerordentlich bedeutungsvoll für die Geschichte der Kirche nicht nur im Deutschordensstaat.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2000, 48, 2 Special Issue; 473-482
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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