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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Strangers "par excellence". Arabs in the Neo-Assyrian Royal Inscriptions
    Autorzy:
    Münnich, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43475232.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2024
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    Assyria
    Arabs
    nomadism
    camel
    queen
    cruelty
    stranger
    Opis:
    The basic questions posed in the article were: what characteristics caused Arabs to be perceived by the elites of the Neo-Assyrian Empire as strangers, and whether such classification resulted in their treatment differently from other peoples? Neo-Assyrian royal inscriptions and correspondence with the court were analysed to answer these questions. On this basis, three features that together are unique only to Arabs were distinguished: nomadism, camel farming and the presence of queens. These traits are unique to Arabs, so they are strangers par excellence from Assyria’s perspective. Interestingly, these features generally do not result in exceptional treatment. Only in a situation of conflict and defeat of the Arabs can one perceive their specific treatment, marked by exceptional cruelty even for Assyrians. For example, mainly Arab rulers were chained along with wild animals to the gates of the Assyrian capital. Moreover, only Arab women were subjected to tearing unborn children out of their wombs. This shows that Arabs were treated as half-humans against whom the most heinous crimes could be committed because Assyrians were not bound by the standards applicable to other peoples.
    Źródło:
    The Biblical Annals; 2024, 14, 2; 291-310
    2083-2222
    2451-2168
    Pojawia się w:
    The Biblical Annals
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Al-Dżahiz i jego traktat O zachowywaniu tajemnicy i powstrzymywaniu języka
    Al-Jāhiz and his Treatise Keeping Secrets and Holding the Tongue
    Autorzy:
    DZIEKAN, Marek M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047461.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-01-16
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    al-Dżahiz, Arabowie, islam, etyka, tajemnica, milczenie, literatura parenetyczna
    al-Jāhiz, Arabs, Islam, ethics, mystery, not speaking and silence, paraenetic literature
    Opis:
    W artykule dokonano przekładu na język polski arabskiego traktatu Kitnan as-sirr wa-hafz al-lisan – O zachowywaniu tajemnicy i powstrzymywaniu języka – autorstwa Abu Usmana al-Dżahiza, arabskiego intelektualisty z przełomu ósmego i dziewiątego wieku. Traktat stanowi ciekawy przykład średniowiecznej arabsko-muzułmańskiej literatury parenetycznej i ukazuje bliskowschodnią refleksję o charakterze etycznym, filozoficznym i teologicznym. Przekład poprzedzony został wstępem obejmującym podstawowe informacje o autorze oraz informacje o okolicznościach powstania tekstu. Wskazano także na jego kontekst historyczno-kulturowy.
    The article comprises a Polish translation of the Arabic treatise Kitnan as-sirr wa-hafz al-lisan [Keeping Secrets and Holding the Tongue] by Abu Usman al-Jāhiz, an Arabic intellectual of the turn of the 9th century. The treatise is an interesting example of medieval Arabic-Muslim paraenetic literature, and the reflection it offers addresses ethics, philosophy and theology, as seen from the Eastern perspective. The translation of the treatise is preceded by an introduction providing the basic information on al-Jāhiz and the circumstances in which the text in question was written. Its historical and cultural context is also discussed. Translated by Dorota Chabrajska
    Źródło:
    Ethos; 2016, 29, 1 (113); 147-170
    0860-8024
    Pojawia się w:
    Ethos
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wizerunek pustyni i jej mieszkańców w świetle świadectw Świętych Ojców z Synaju
    The image of the desert and its inhabitants in the light of the testimony of the Holy Fathers of Sinai
    Autorzy:
    Wolińska, Teresa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/613027.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    Synaj
    Arabowie
    Saraceni
    pustelnicy
    mnisi
    stereotypy
    barbarzyńcy
    Sinai
    Arabs
    Saracens
    hermits
    monks
    stereotypes
    barbarians
    Opis:
    We owe important testimonies about local nomads to monks and pilgrims visiting Sinai. The information about them can be found in the works of Nilus of Sinai, Nilus of Ancyra, Ammonius, Jerome, Anastasius Sinaita or John Moschos. The image of the nomads, both Arabs and Blemmyds is painted in rather dark colours. The Christian authors pointed to the fact that they did not have permanent residences, nor cultivated land, but lived on what they hunted or robbed. They devoted much attention to the attacks of the nomads on monasteries, hermits and pilgrims. They also reported the fate of the latter in captivity. They were shocked by Saracen beliefs, the cult of al-Uzza, identified with Aphrodite and bloody victims, especially human, although the latter has often been questioned by researchers. It seems that such practices may have happened, although rarely. Those Saracens who had adopted Christianity were presented in a different manner. They were allies of monks and hermits, defending them fromtheir pagan brothers. Even if their customs had not radically changed, for the Christian writers they were no longer barbarians. In the written sources, there is little information about collaboration between ascetics and nomadic communities, although we know from the archaeological sources that it took place, even in the form of trade exchange.
    Źródło:
    Vox Patrum; 2018, 70; 559-600
    0860-9411
    2719-3586
    Pojawia się w:
    Vox Patrum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synowie Hagar. Wiedza bizantyńczyków o armii arabskiej w świetle traktatów wojskowych z IX i X wieku
    The sons of Hagar. Byzantine views on the Arab army in military treatises of 9th and 10th century
    Autorzy:
    Wolińska, Teresa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/613944.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    Bizancjum
    Arabowie
    sztuka wojenna
    taktikon
    Nikefor II Fokas
    Leon VI Filozof
    Byzantium
    Arabs, art of war (polemology)
    military treatises (tactica)
    Nicephor II Phocas
    Leo VI the Wise
    Opis:
    Arab military expansion was a real challenge to the Byzantine Empire. The defeats sustained in wars with the Arabs, whom the Byzantines called sometimes Hagarenes to refer to Biblical Hagar, forced new method of war waging. That knowledge was taken predominantly directly from battlefield. The Arab menace increased during the reign of Leo VI the Wise (886-912). Albeit not a soldier himself, he took an attempt to reorganize the Byzantine army and navy. Although it did not bring an immediate effect, the Empire gradually began to initiative. The situation changed for better during the reign of Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (911-959) and Romanos I Lekapenos (919-959). A peace with the Bulgarians allowed to collect substantial forces on the eastern border of the empire. The weakening of the Abbasids gave way to the Hamdanid dynasty from northern Iraq and Syria to grow to the most serious Byzantine adversary in mid- 10th century, particularly during the reign of Sayf al-Dawla (945-967), who recorded some remarkable victories over the Byzantine forces. In 955 Nikephoros II Phokas took over the post of domesticos of the East. Along with his brother Leo, Strategos of Cappadocia and John Tzimiskes, they were able to change the course of war, winning some battles in northern Syria. The struggle with the Muslims resulted in a number of military treatises, the most known of which were attributed to emperors Leo VI and Nikephoros II Phokas. Although it is not certain if they were written by them themselves, they were certainly created on their behalf. Among several treatises of Leo VI, the Tactica seems to be the most interesting. The work divided in 20 chapters was meant as a handbook for military commanders. It discussed the organization of infantry, cavalry and navy, and their use in war, as well as that of sieges, ambushes etc. Much attention was paid to Arab logistics. Remarkably little, if any attention was paid to religious grounds as a reason for expansion. Not too surprisingly, much of the work was dedicated to the methods of efficient struggle against Muslims; the author correctly identified both strong and week sides of the Byzantine army. Some points clearly suggest a desire to take over certain elements of organization and war art from the adversary. Also the treatise by Nikephoros Phokas represents equally good value as Tactica. In this work we find a number of details regarding both military and non-military customs of the Arabs, which is not surprising, as the author was a military commander, experienced in battles against the Muslims. For this reason we should respect even more the military knowledge of Leo’s Tactica, if we remember that the author was not a professional soldier. Interestingly enough, with the notable exception of Nikephoros Phokas, the authors of other treatises added little to the information contained in Leo’s work. The reason for that was explicitly laid out by an anonymous author of still another treatise, Βιβλίον τακτικόν, who wrote that the chiefs knew so much about the raids on the lands of the Hagarenes that there was no use to discuss them in detail.
    Źródło:
    Vox Patrum; 2015, 63; 397-416
    0860-9411
    2719-3586
    Pojawia się w:
    Vox Patrum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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