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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    Economizer selection method with reference to its reliability at preliminary design stage of seagoing vessels
    Autorzy:
    Charchalis, A.
    Kreft, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247168.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    seagoing ships
    economizer
    steam boiler
    steam capacity
    reliability
    operating conditions
    Opis:
    The economizers are used for production of steam heating on en route ships. The economizers are producing steam in a heat exchange process from the ship's main engine exhaust gas. Products of the incomplete combustion of the heavy fuel oil remaining in engines, passing the boiler, collect on the heat exchange surface of the economizer. When the incorrect assumptions are made for the boiler operation conditions, the boiler steam capacity drops and fire and burning of the incomplete combustion products can occur in the economizer. To minimize combustion product quantity that collects on the boiler surface, the allowable exhaust gas pressure drop in the boiler should be taken into consideration, as well as the results from recommended exhaust gas flow velocity that is determined by main engine service load determined in the preliminary design phase of the ship. The remaining operating conditions are made in such a way to obtain high steam capacity of the boiler. It is essential at the design stage to take into consideration the future operating parameters of the combustion-steam-water installation, since these parameters depend on the choice of boiler and determined at the design stage production of steam. On the basis of operation parameters of contemporary container ships, an attempt was made to select economizer capacity in the preliminary design stage taking into consideration operation conditions of the propulsion system-steam installations unit in aspect of economizer reliability.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 63-68
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of possibility of repairing welding of selected of the steam turbines
    Autorzy:
    Wieczorska, Agata
    Bujko, Adrian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244945.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    regenerative heat treatment
    welding
    steam turbine
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of the study on the possibilities of repair by welding methods of exploitation steam turbine bodies. Two hull were investigation after a lifetime of more than 200.000 hours. Repair welding study were carried out on the L17HMF cast steel body in the immediately after exploitation condition, whereas the L21HMF cast steel body underwent a revitalization after the exploitation, and then the welding repair research were performed. On the material taken from the L17HMF cast steel hull, welding repairs were made by welding the previously cut four grooves measuring 200 mm 50 mm 50 mm, which were simulations of material defected. All samples were made in areas where maximum steam temperatures were operating. Welds were tested with destructive and non-destructive methods to determine their quality and define non-compliances detected. The L21HMF cast steel was subjected to a revitalization process, which consisted the hull in subjecting heat treatment in order to obtain favourable structural changes and improve the strength properties. Non-destructive examinations and hardness tests were carried out on the remedial weld, indicating the required quality of repairing remedial weld. Comparative study is aimed at demonstrating the main welding problems during the repair welding of exploitation steam turbine hulls.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 4; 265-271
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of inlet geometry on the efficiency of 1 MW steam turbine
    Autorzy:
    Koprowski, Arkadusz
    Gotowski, Dominik
    Rzadkowski, Romuald
    Szczepanik, Ryszard
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950128.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    turbine engine
    steam turbine
    turbine inlet
    Opis:
    The process of the design of the 1 MW steam turbine includes designing the stator and rotor blades, the steam turbine inlet and exit, the casing and the rotor. A turbine that operates at rotation speeds other than 3000 rpm requires a gearbox and generator with complex electronic software. This article analyses the efficiency of eight turbine variants, including seven inlet geometries and three stages of stator as well as an eight variant with one of the inlets, all three stages and an outlet. This article analyses the efficiency of 8 turbine variants, including four spiral inlet geometries and tree stages in a 1 MW steam turbine. In the article, inlets and 1st stator blades of various geometries were analysed to obtain maximal turbine efficiency. Changing the inlet spiral from one pipe to two pipes increased the turbine efficiency. The geometry of the blades and turbine inlets and outlet was carried out using Design Modeller. The blade mesh was prepared in TurboGrid and inlet in ANSYS Meshing.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 4; 119-126
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The process of regenerative heat treatment of the valve chamber of the steam turbine
    Autorzy:
    Wieczorska, Agata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243595.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    regenerative heat treatment
    valve chamber
    steam turbine
    Opis:
    Steel castings are often used in the construction of valve chambers of steam turbines. Stringent requirements are set due to the continuous operation of the material at elevated temperatures, in the order of 300ºC to 600ºC. The material of the valve chamber must be resistant to fatigue-creep changes as well as corrosion. This material must be also resistant to dynamic damage which occures when the turbine is starting and stopping. Dynamic damage is induced by a short-lasting but intense accumulation of localized stresses. The castings of the valve chambers of the steam turbine are usually made from the “three-component” type CrMoV-cast steel. Mentioned castings of the valve chamber are continuously subjected to high temperatures, either constant and periodically variable stresses. Due to this, the degradation process of material of the castings is taking place. It is caused by physicochemical processes such as: creep, relaxation, thermal fatigue, corrosion, erosion and changes in material properties, e.g. displacement of the critical point of brittleness. Finally, first cracks and deformations can be observed in the material during the operation. The art presents the process of revitalization technology of the steam turbine valve chamber which was subjected to long-term operation at high temperatures. The revitalization process is aimed at improving the plastic properties of the material and, as the result, extending its service life. The research presented in the article show that impact strength of the chamber material after revitalization is very high. Also the strength properties of the valve chamber, after revitalization, are high and in line with the requirements. The study show that the revitalization of the valve chamber was carried out correctly and restored the material to plastic deformation.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 3; 243-248
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The assessment of surface layers texture of the fouling gathered on the heat transfer surfaces within regenerative feedwater heat exchangers
    Autorzy:
    Hajduk, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246269.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    steam power plants
    heat recovery devices
    fouling
    surface layer texture
    Opis:
    The fouling presence on the heat transfer surfaces, both on the waterside and the steam side of the steam power plants heat recovery exchangers usually leads to the loss of their heat transfer capacities. This loss appears owing to the high value of heat resistance of fouling. Furthermore, these deposits are most often formed with irregularities in the surface layers. These textures are usually characterized by a varied, often stochastic and difficult to define, geometric structures. The most common measure of their inequalities is the roughness parameter describing the surface geometry. The fouling surface layer texture can, on one hand, cause enhancement of the heat transfer process, but on the other hand, it may contribute to an additional increase in thermal degradation of the heat exchanger. Many experimental studies have shown that the greater the unevenness of the heat transfer surface on the waterside of a given heat transfer device, the smaller increase in the thermal resistance of the impurities over time, thereby increasing the amount of heat transferred. It should be emphasized, however, that the rise in roughness results in an increase in the heat transfer coefficient, while simultaneously intensifying the flow resistance of the working medium. Taking into account the heat transfer surface by steam side, the increase in the roughness promotes the formation of a thicker condensate layer, thus impairing the condensate drainage organization. It can be explained by the fact that deposits settle in a sort of quasi-rib effect, although with undefined ribbed grid, it may lead to the overflow of inter-finned passages. The article shows the previously mentioned phenomena and also presents the descriptive quantities for the fouling surface layer texture, based on the results of the author’s own experimental research.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 4; 55-60
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of the thermal degradation process within the steam power plants heat exchangers
    Autorzy:
    Hajduk, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244895.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    steam power plants
    fouling of heat transfer surface
    thermal degradation determinants
    Opis:
    The consequence of the deposits presence on the heat transfer surface of the following heat exchangers: shell-and-tube condensers, the regenerative feed water exchangers, are commonly the loss of heat exchanger capacity, owing to the high value of heat conductive resistance of fouling. The process is more often defined as the thermal (heat) degradation of a given heat transfer device. The symptoms of heat degradation are usually defined as the difference between the values of thermal-flow parameters for the current and the reference state. Moreover, this process always entails an increase in the cost of energy conversion, leading to increasing the emission output of greenhouse gases consequently increasing the environmental degradation. It is worth mentioning that deposits settled on the waterside of heat transfer surface could also initiate the process of tubes obliteration. This phenomenon is characteristic for condensers cooled by seawater in particular. Reducing internal diameter of any single heat exchanger pipe by the deposits cause the rise in flow resistance and also reduce the condenser cooling water pump capacity. Ultimately, it leads to the reduction in water flow rate, resulting in an additional increase in the resistance of heat transfer. Furthermore, reducing the flow rate of cooling water causes the enhancement of the fouling settling rate. The paper describes the above-mentioned phenomena and presents the quantitative determinants of the thermal degradation description for heat exchangers based on the results of the author’s own experimental research.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 4; 127-133
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identification of fouling deposited on the heat transfer surfaces of the steam power plants heat exchangers
    Autorzy:
    Hajduk, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241825.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    steam power plant
    heat exchanger
    heat transfer surface deposit
    spectral analysis
    Opis:
    The term “fouling” refers to a substance, which settles on the heat transfer surface and causes the rise of thermal resistance to the heat transfer process. Sometimes, fouling is regarded as deposit but that term should be only used to fouling in the form of solid. Taking the traditional division of matter states as a criterion for fouling classification, there are three sorts of fouling: the solid ones, e.g. boiler scale, metal oxides, mud; the liquid ones, e.g. lubricating turbine oil and the volatile ones, air as for example an inert gas. Despite maintaining the recommended methods of correction for the steam power plants working agents, such as: the feed water, the boiler water, the condensate and the water vapour, for example by using the phosphate-ammonia correction, both corrosion and deposition phenomena occur in the water and the steam sides of the heat exchanger. Recognition of the type and the amounts of deposits gathered on heat transfer surfaces of the steam power plants heat exchangers is used within the thermal-flow diagnostics and also supports the planning of overhaul and routine repair of these devices. The results of the author’s own experimental research based on the method of spectral analysis were presented in the paper. The study was carried out in order to identify the type of fouling settled on both the outer side (steam side) and the internal side (waterside) on the heat transfer surfaces.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 4; 135-142
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    6-stroke engine: thermodynamic modelling and design for testing
    Autorzy:
    Nimsiriwangso, Atip
    Barnes, Paul
    Doustdar, Omid
    Wyszynski, Miroslaw L.
    Mohyeldin, Gasim Mohamed Maisara
    Kowalski, Miroslaw
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241771.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    six-stroke engine
    water injection
    steam expansion
    engine efficiency
    dynamic gas model
    Opis:
    In the study AVL BOOST™ is used to perform a thermodynamic simulation of a six-stroke engine, being built by a research team based in Saudi Arabia. The six-stroke cycle consists of a standard four-stroke Otto Cycle followed by a heat recovering steam expansion cycle. Water is injected into the hot combustion chamber towards the end of the Otto expansion stroke producing steam, which is used to perform work on a piston. This process produces power using waste heat and therefore increases the overall efficiency of the engine. The Robin EY28D engine, which is a single cylinder, four-stroke, gasoline engine was used for this simulation study. The engine was modelled and converted into six-stroke engine in AVL BOOST. The results show that six-stroke engine is more efficient than four-stroke engine. In six-stroke engine, the engine power is increased by 33.1% and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is decreased by approximately 16%. Where emissions are concerned, Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emission from six-stroke engine is reduced by 80%, while the Hydrocarbon (HC) emission increases by 85% compared with the original 4-stroke. Moreover, the most efficient camshaft was found and designed according to the most efficient valve profile for this engine, which is combination of 60CA° of valve duration and 10 mm of valve lifting.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 2; 93-106
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determination methodology of the amount of steam produced in the exhaust gas boiler for the contemporary container vessels in a preliminary stage
    Metodyka określania ilości możliwej do wyprodukowania pary w kotle utylizacyjnym dla współczesnych kontenerowców we wstępnym etapie projektowania
    Autorzy:
    Charchalis, A.
    Krefft, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245772.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    współczesne statki
    jednostka odzysku ciepła
    kocioł utylizacyjny
    contemporary ships
    container vessels
    steam
    waste heat unit
    exhaust gas boiler
    kontenerowce
    para
    Opis:
    The number of the TEU containers significantly increased in the last twenty years not only in a global scale but also transferred by a single container vessel. The typical Panamax was designed to carry 4 000 TEU in the eighties while nowadays its TEU capacity increased up to 5 500 TEU. Moreover, thefirst container carrier with a capacity of 11 000 TEU in New Panamax class was launched in 2006. The main engines with a power up to 100 000 kW are installed to propel such a huge seagoing vessels, capable to carry thousands of containers. Heavy fuel oil with a lowest combustion quantities up to 700 cSt for 50°C are used in the contemporary container vessels low speed engines. The steam demand to heat up such fuels in transfer, purification and preparation for the combustion process is enormous. Considering relatively high main engines power values there is a chance to recover a big amount of heat wasted in the exhaust gases through correct power and capacity selection of the exhaust gas boiler. The correct choice of the exhaust gas boiler lets fulfill the heat purposes of the container ships and additionally gives a steam toturbine driven alternator. There is a demand to calculate the energy resources of the container vessels because of the trends in increasing speed, TEU capacity and heavy fuel oil grades used in contemporary ships. The suggested methodology to calculate the amount of steam that is possible to produce in the exhaust gas boiler for the contemporary container carrier s is one of the analyzed elements. This methodology can be the main asset as a support of taking design decisions in energy and economy aspects of the ship in a preliminary stage when there is not to many known parameters. It is so important as the ejfects of the design decisions in a preliminary stage have significant matter for the building and operation costs of the future container vessels.
    W ostatnim dwudziestoleciu liczba przewożonych kontenerów TEU znacznie wzrosła nie tylko w skali globalnej, ale również jednorazowo. W latach osiemdziesiątych typowy Panamax mógł przewieźć jednorazowo 4 000 TEU, podczas gdy obecnie jego zdolność przewozowa osiągnęła poziom 5 500 TEU. Co więcej, w roku 2006 został oddany do eksploatacji pierwszy statek kontenerowy z serii Suezmax o największej pojemności ładunkowej 11 000 TEU. Do napędu tak dużych jednostek morskich, zdolnych przewieźć jednorazowo tysiące kontenerów, instalowane są silniki o mocach dochodzących do 100 000 kW. Silniki te są zaprojektowane do spalania najgorszych jakościowo paliw pozostałościowych, o lepkości kinematycznej 700cSt (50°C). Zapotrzebowanie energii cieplnej do podgrzania tych paliw w procesie transportu, oczyszczania i przygotowania do spalania wymaga ogromnych ilości pary. Z uwagi na stosunkowo duże wartości mocy silników napędu głównego współczesnych statków kontenerowych istnieje możliwość odzyskania dużych ilości energii z entalpii spalin, poprzez odpowiedni dobór mocy i wydajności kotłów utylizacyjnych. Właściwy dobór kotła utylizacyjnego pozwoli na zrealizowanie celów grzewczych statku kontenerowego i pokryje zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną statku kontenerowego w czasie podróży morskiej. Z uwagi na rosnącą prędkość i pojemność ładunkową współczesnych statków kontenerowych oraz stosowane paliwa pozostałościowe istnieje potrzeba analizy zasobów energetycznych kontenerowców. Jednym z elementów tej analizy jest proponowana metodyka oceny ilości możliwej do wyprodukowania pary w kotle utylizacyjnym dla współczesnych statków kontenerowych. Metodyka ta może stanowić źródło wsparcia w podejmowaniu decyzji projektowych w zakresie energetyki i ekonomiki statku we wstępnym etapie projektowania, kiedy dysponuje się niewielką liczbą informacji. Jest to o tyle ważne, że skutki decyzji podjętych w etapie wstępnym mają istotne znaczenie dla kosztów budowy i eksploatacji przyszłej jednostki.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 4; 29-36
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis possibilities of cost reduction related to boil-off fuel gas being carried on LNG gas carriers
    Analiza możliwości redukcji kosztów związanych z odparowaniem przewożonego ładunku na gazowcach typu LNG
    Autorzy:
    Giernalczyk, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243187.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport morski
    gaz naturalny
    gazowce LNG
    spalinowe silniki tłokowe
    turbiny gazowe
    turbiny parowe
    sea transportation
    boil-off fuel gas
    LNG carriers
    diesel engines
    gas and steam turbines
    Opis:
    Gas carried on LNG carriers is liquefaction gas at ambient pressure and temperature minus 163oC degree is subject to boil-off and causing increase in pressure. This phenomenon makes danger of explosion. The simplest possibility to circumvent the foresaid event is to release-liquefied gas to atmosphere. However, the mentioned way causes losses of cargo and air pollution. There is an option to re-condensate gas again nevertheless to do it extra energy is required. Method that is more rational is to use boil-off fuel gas as propulsion energy in diesel engines, gas and steam turbines. This paper describes exploitation costing of main propulsion on LNG carriers trying to find out the best solution. There are presented fuel gas supply system as well various type of engine driven by fuel gas. Moreover, author presents further design development of LNG carriers. Possibilities of cost reduction related to boil-off fuel gas, the Moss RS standard setup for gas reliquefaction system, example of dual fuel diesel engines and electric propulsion, basic design concept for two compressor units 100% type 6LP250-5S1, diagram of COGES system, thermal efficiencies for the different propulsion options, technical data of some present dual-fuel engines, as well two-stroke propulsion recommendations for LNG carriers are illustrated in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 2; 153-160
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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