Temat: exhaust gases - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Problems of modelling NOx emission from marine diesel engine
Autorzy:: Kniaziewicz, T.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244726.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: emission
exhaust gases
engine
ship
modelling
Opis:: The development of marine diesel engines has so far been directed towards increasing their power, reducing fuel consumption, burning fuels of the lowest possible quality and the extension of operation time. The rising pro-ecological pressure has made atmosphere pollution by exhaust gases of marine engines one of the main problems of environmental protection of recent years. The Gdansk Bay area, just like sea ports or coastal regions, is vulnerable to the effect of noxious compounds contained in vessel exhaust gases, besides those coming from industrial plants, power plants or vehicles. This concerns vessels both in ports and in the roads. In order to determine the share of vessels in environmental pollution and to counteract the harmful effects of toxic compounds in marine engine exhaust gases, it is necessary to know the emission values of these compounds from particular vessels, which is possible with the knowledge of their movement parameters, concentration values of particular compounds for these parameters and the atmospheric conditions. The report presents problems of modelling the NOx emission in exhaust gases from main marine Diesel engines, such as problems with construction special models describing the marine vessels movement or define real value of toxic compounds emission.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 227-234
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: An attempt of exhaust gases composition prediction in si engines powered by petrol and gaseous fuels
Autorzy:: Flekiewicz, M.
Kubica, G.
Flekiewicz, B.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245747.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: CNG
LPG
exhaust gases
SI engine
combustion analysis
Opis:: Optimization procedure of the si engines feeding systems requires the application of newer and more sophisticated tools, as an addition to well known but expensive experimental methods. Numerical methods can be considered nowadays as once playing the most important role in the combustion process analysis. Paper describes the application of the dual zone model, allowing the analysis of the combustion process in an SI engine with the possibility of estimating 10 different exhaust gases i.e.: CO2, CO, H2O O2, NO, N2, H2, H, O and OH. The research has been carried on a 1.6 litr es four cylinder SI engine, fed with petrol and alternatively with LPG and CNG. In-cylinder pressure for the 4th cylinder of the tested engine has been acąuired for several engine speeds. registered in-cylinder pressure traces p=p((fi), together with the volume variation nii=nii((fi) infunction ofcrank angle, were used in the combustion process simulating calculations. Obtained results made it possible to compare selected parameters describing the combustion process. Obtained results do also prove recognized fact related to the higher temperature necessary to initiate gaseous fuel combustion.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 4; 105-113
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Particulate matter emission reduction from marine diesel engines by electrohydrodynamic methods
Autorzy:: Sobczyk, Arkadiusz T.
Jaworek, Anatol
Marchewicz, Artur
Krupa, Andrzej
Czech, Tadeusz
Śliwiński, Łukasz
Charchalis, Adam
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241550.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: exhaust gases
marine diesel engines
particulate matter
PM
scrubber
Opis:: Particulate matter (PM) and gaseous compounds (SO2, NOx, VOC) emitted by diesel engines causes serious global environmental problems and health impact. Despite numerous evidences about the harmfulness of diesel particles, the PM emission by diesel engines used by ships, cars, agricultural machines, or power generators is still unregulated, and the efficient removal of PM from diesel exhausts is still the major technological challenge. In order to comply with the International Maritime Organization regulation, the NOx emission is reduced by using selected catalytic reactor, and sulphur oxide emission has been reduced by using fuels of low sulphur content. However, both of those measures cannot be used for the reduction of PM emission produced during combustion of marine fuels. The lack of appropriate regulations results from insufficiently developed technology, which could remove those particles from exhaust gases. Conventional scrubbers currently available on the market remove only sulphur oxide with required collection efficiency, but the collection efficiency for PM2.5 is below 50%. The article discusses the technical means used for the removal of PM from marine diesel engines via applying electrohydrodynamic methods, in particular electrostatic agglomeration, as a method of nanoparticles coagulation to larger agglomerates, which could operate in two-stage electrostatic precipitation systems, and electrostatic scrubbers, which remove particles by electrically charged water droplets. The experimental results were obtained for a 2-stroke 73 kW diesel engine fuelled with marine gas oil (MGO). The agglomerator allowed increasing the collection efficiency from diesel exhausts for PM2.5 particles by about 12%, compared to electrostatic precipitator operating without agglomerator, and the total mass collection efficiency was above 74%. The collection efficiency of electrostatic scrubber was higher than 95wt.%. The advantage of using the electrostatic scrubber is that it can also reduce the SO2 emission by more than 90%, when HFO is used.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 3; 203-210
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Simulation of exhaust gases components formation in engine working with combustion initiation from ignition dose of fuel
Autorzy:: Sendyka, B.
Mitianiec, W.
Noga, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242242.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: modelling
simulation
spark ignition
compression ignition
exhaust gases emission
Opis:: The paper deals with problems of model analysis of the process of exhaust gases components formation in internal combustion engine working with combustion initiation from ignition dose of fuel injected directly into the working space. In result of scientific-research works carried out in the Chair of Internal Combustion Engines of Cracow University of Technology on the basis of a four stroke engine a driving unit was elaborated which may work both with spark ignition and combustion initiation from a ignition dose of fuel. Application of two combustion systems in engine aimed at combining the advantages of spark ignition with compression ignition driving units. Such an engine is characterized by fuel consumption comparable with that gained by compression ignition engines, whereas, the exhaust gases composition is similar to that occurring in up-to-date spark ignition engines. Similar assumption concern the Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition - HCCI system which seems to be a future solution of internal combustion engines, nevertheless, up till now, in spite of intensive works in many countries all over the world, one did not succeed to control the combustion process in a large range of rotational speeds and loads what would give the possibility of using it in traction application. The solution proposed in the patent application by Prof. B. Sendyka is not burdened with this drawback since the moment of occurrence of volumetric ignition of the formed mixture in the process of filling is tightly connected with the moment of fuel dose injection. In result of simulative studies carried out by use of KIVA-3V software on the discussed solution it was stated that the process of exhaust gases toxic components formation in engine working in the mode of ignition from pilot dose does not depart in generally form from that which occurs at work with spark ignition.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 391-396
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Aviation : environmental threats
Autorzy:: Balicki, Wł.
Głowacki, P.
Szczeciński, S.
Chachurski, R.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244965.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: turbine engine
exhaust gases
pollutant, ecology
environment
engine noise
Opis:: Based on the available information and authors self-assessments, this article presents turbine engine exhaust gases effect on the environment, especially near to the aircraft and helicopters during their engines idle setting and take-offs. The concentration level of pollutants in gas turbine exhaust and its relation to the temperature and time of the combustion process is discussed. The article presents diffusion of the aircraft turbine engine exhaust in the airport area, focusing on aircraft take-off manoeuvre. The authors would like to draw attention of the aviation professionals to the fact that amount of exhaust from the turbine engine is so significant that may adversely change the ambient air near to the aircraft. Consequently, smaller amount of oxygen with increased level of carbon monoxide during engine start –up and idle can be a threat to the maintenance staff health. Also high emission level of the nitrogen oxides, especially during take-off and climb is indifferent for the environment. The paper gives an example of real fuel consumption and toxic gases emissions in the so-called landing and takeoff cycle (LTO) and during long-range flight. Turbine engines noise distribution and its intensity because of complex aerodynamic and thermodynamic processes is presented.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 1; 7-14
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Diesel engines with respect to Euro 6 and Bin5/Lev II emission limits
Autorzy:: Brzeżański, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247277.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: combustion engines
emission of toxic components of exhaust gases
Opis:: The article presents future requirements concerning emission of toxic components of exhaust gases valid for Diesel engine passenger cars. Questions connected with fulfilment of these standards were discussed. Chosen structural solutions permitting fulfilment of future requirements concerning emission were presented. In Europe passenger cars equipped with Diesel engines which get the homologation certificate for the first time the emission limit determined by the standard Euro 6 will be binding from year 2014. The relation to the at present binding limit Euro 5 emission of nitric oxides, the sum of hydrocarbons and nitric oxides as well as emission of particulate matter must be reduced. On the European market use could be made of experience gained during exploitation heavy duty vehicles in which decrease in nitric oxides emission is achieve by means of selective catalytic reduction (SCR). A more complex system of emission appraisal is valid in USA and especially in the states where the so called Californian standards were adopted. On the example of Volkswagen 2.0 TDI engine it was shown that in modern constructions of combustion engines there is still a large developmental potential. In this case the development went in the direction of fulfilment of new very requiring standards of emission of toxic components of exhaust gases. Well known in Europe 2.0 TDI engine which in its new version fulfils the most strict emission standards BIN5/LEV II constitutes the structural basis of the drive unit designed for the American market. Under such conditions the firm Volkswagen belongs to the small number of cars producers who for a couple of year have offered with success, passenger cars equipped with Diesel engines.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 33-40
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Effect to the fuel system type on energy, economic and environmental indicators of the spark-ignition engine work
Autorzy:: Ambrozik, A.
Ambrozik, T.
Kurczyński, D.
Łagowski, P.
Jankowski, R.
Kowalczyk, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245062.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: vehicles
combustion engines
fuel supply system
emission of exhaust gases
Opis:: The paper presents selected results of tests on the Fiat Panda I car powered by 1.2 dm3 spark ignition engine. The engine had production installed fuel system with the single-point petrol injection. To improve its in-service performance, the engine was fitted with the multi-point injection fuel system. The assessment of the indicators of the work of the engine, fitted with single-point, or alternatively, multi-point injection fuel system, was conducted on the basis of the tests performed on the MAHA chassis dynamometer. First, tests were run for single-point injection fuel system. Next, the same tests were performed when the engine was fitted with the multi-point injection fuel system. In the tests, engine power, torque, fuel consumption and the concentrations of the exhaust gas components were measured. The latter included carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide C02, hydrocarbons HC, nitrogen oxides NOx, and oxygen 02. AVL Digas 4000 exhaust gas analyser was used to take measurements of the concentrations of the basic components of the exhaust gas and of the excess air ratio %u03BB. The investigations were conducted by performing the inertia test and by using the dynamometer to determine the basic indicators of the engine operation. In the investigations, the crankshaft rotational speed ranged from 1500 to 6500 rpm with 500 rpm step. The experimental results made it possible to evaluate how the manner and site of fuel delivery affect the engine -work indicators.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 3; 7-14
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Identification and analysis of parameters for the areas of the highest harmful exhaust emissions in the model emitransys
Autorzy:: Ambroziak, T.
Gołębiowski, P.
Pyza, D.
Jacyna-Gołda, I.
Merkisz-Guranowska, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247522.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: proecological transport system
transport
air pollution
emission of exhaust gases
EMITRANSYS
Opis:: A scheme has been developed to be utilized for solving the interaction between wing aerodynamic loads and the flexibility of wing structures under a quasi static assumption. The interaction is implemented through a link between the nodes of finite element model and the grids of transonic small disturbance model. The particular finite element responses, namely translational displacement vectors (TDV), are utilised for reconstructing the deflected wing surfaces. So in each iteration, the updated surfaces are involved as the parent for regenerating the TSD grids. The criteria of the Euclidean norm is applied for evaluating the convergency of aero-structure interaction. Catia-V5, is fully employed to manage three dimensional geometries for developing the model of wing structures, calculating grids and aerodynamic loads, as well as for reconstructing the updated wing surfaces. Numerous functions and objects of Catia are employed by conducting particular accesses via component object models using Microsoft Visual Basic.Net. A case study is excersized to demonstrate the interaction in transonic speed. The results shown that the scheme is very good in the way performing the interaction in quasi static condition. The utilization of TDV for generating the deflected wing surfaces indicates the capability of high fidelity deformations with respect to the complexity of finite element model
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 9-20
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Implementation of the model of proecological transport system
Autorzy:: Jachimowski, R.
Kłodawski, M.
Lewczuk, K.
Szczepański, E.
Wasiak, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245589.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: proecological transport system
transport
simulation
traffic modelling
emissions of harmful compounds of exhaust gases
Opis:: Paper presents assumptions to build simulation model allowing computational experimentation and inference on impact of various factors on transport modal split and the impact that transport has on environment. It presents a general mathematical model of environmentally friendly transport system and characterizes particular elements of this model. The structure of transport network is mapped with a graph. The characteristics describing elements of this structure, vehicles, and characteristics of harmful compounds emission are given. Model will be implemented in PTV VISUM environment – a tool supporting planning of transport processes as well as analysis and designing of transport systems. The model of proecological transport system developed in PTV VISUM will consist of model of demand for both passenger and freight transport, and model of transport network cooperating with various means of transport. Road and rail vehicles for passenger and freight transport are characterized and divided into groups according to type of fuel and harmful emission. The demand for transport services and emission of exhaust gases components are reflected in model of proecological transport system of Poland. The last part of paper presents a sample of preliminary research on estimating emission from particular type of vehicle.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 129-139
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Ecological indicators of the perkins 1104D-e44TA engine after its adaptation for being powered with natural gas and diesel fuel
Autorzy:: Kurczyński, D.
Łagowski, P.
Warianek, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244009.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: piston combustion engines
engine fuels
harmful exhaust gases components
bi-fuelling
natural gas
experimental tests
Opis:: The contemporary progress of automotive industry and transportation is determined to a large extent by the increasing environmental requirements, aimed at limiting the harmful impact of vehicles upon human life and people’s health. A crucial issue linked with operating vehicles is the exhaust gases generated by internal combustion engines. In order to reduce this hazardous impact upon the natural environment, the construction of the engines is continuously improved, electronic controlling is being developed for managing the course of working processes taking place in cylinders and auxiliary systems, exhaust gases cleaning systems are being developed, alternative fuels are being sought for and the possibilities of their optimal use are being examined. Natural gas is the fuel that is highly expected and hoped to be used more widely for powering internal combustion engines in vehicles. This article presents the values of selected ecological indicators of the Perkins 1104D-E44TA Diesel engine, powered by compressed natural gas and Diesel fuel (CNG + ON). For comparison reasons, the engine was powered with both fuels at the same time and then only by Diesel fuel (ON) in the same working conditions. Before the tests, the powering system control unit had been calibrated so as to enable obtaining similar values of torque while the engine was powered with the Diesel fuel only and with both CNG and ON while working with external speed characteristics; the calibration was also set up to allow for the maximum share of the natural gas in the total fuel amount supplied into the engine cylinders without engine knocking. When powering the engine with both CNG and Diesel fuel, the concentration levels of nitric oxides and carbon dioxide in exhaust gases were lower. However, the total content of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases grew multiple times, and the content of the carbon monoxide was significantly increased. In addition, the obtained measurement results of the smokiness of the exhaust gases and the content of the soot with the engine powered with two fuels were not satisfactory.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 143-150
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Researches of axially symmetrical model plasma reactor to cleaning diesel exhaust gas of particulates
Badania osiowo-symetrycznego modelowego reaktora plazmowego do oczyszczania spalin silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym z cząstek stałych
Autorzy:: Zawadzki, A.
Irzycki, A.
Kalina, P.
Snopkiewicz, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242685.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: silniki spalinowe
silnik Diesla
reaktor plazmowy
oczyszczanie spalin
combustion engines
diesel engines
plasma reactor
exhaust gases purification
Opis:: The investigations were concentrated on axially symmetrical arrangements, which permit more convenient formation of electrostatic field and better practicability. The description of construction and results of preliminary investigations of axially symmetrical arrangement was presented in "Researches of model plasma reactor for purify Diesel exhaust gas of particulates" published in Journal of KONES 2006. In the publication the attention was drawn to the fundamental problems requiring the solution, and namely: - The quick coating of electrodes insulators with soot, which took effect of leakance of corona discharge current and fading away of discharge, - Somewhat low, over a dozen-percentage effectiveness of cleaning process in comparison with previously studied flat arrangement, which effectiveness came up to 40 %. Subsequent investigations were concentrated on capturing of above-mentioned difficulties. Some modified variants of device were prepared. The number of electrodes was limited from three to only one, which was enclosed with insulator serving as the cardinal bracket of blades assembly generating corona discharge and the deflecting electrode. This new arrangement permitted examination of several variants of device described in present publication, which in consequence constrained searching of methods of soot settlement limitation to two final solutions: blowing-in of air stream in place of soot settlement (described in present publication) as well as burning the soot sediment on artificially warmed surface of insulator (in preparation). In order to improve the cleaning effectiveness of the system, the empirical tests of different variants of discharge area formation are carrying out with simultaneously measurement of discharge current, being the measure of its intensity. The subjects of comparison were among other things the mesh of thin wires and the aggregate of linear blades. Applying of filter modules in form of concentric meshes of different diameter of net mesh caused the improvement of cleaning effectiveness to over 40 %.
W badaniach skoncentrowano się na układach osiowo-symetrycznych, które pozwalają na dogodniejsze kształtowanie pola elektrostatycznego i stwarzają lepsze możliwości wykonawcze. Opis konstrukcji i wyniki wstępnych badań układu osiowo-symetrycznego opisano w publikacji zamieszczonej w "Journal of KONES 2006"[1]. W publikacji tej zwrócono uwagę na zasadnicze problemy wymagające rozwiązania, a mianowicie: - szybkie pokrywanie się izolatorów elektrod sadzą, co skutkowało upływnością prądu wyładowań koronowych i zanikiem tych wyładowań, - niską kilkunasto-procentową skuteczność oczyszczania urządzenia w porównaniu z uprzednio badanym układem płaskim, którym skuteczność ta wynosiła ok. 40 %. W dalszych badaniach skoncentrowano się na opanowaniu powyższych trudności. Wykonano zmodyfikowane warianty urządzenia, w którym ograniczono liczbę elektrod z trzech do jednej, otoczonej izolatorem, wykonanym jako główny wspornik zespołu ostrzy generujących wyładowania koronowe i elektrody odchylającej. Pozwoliło to na przebadanie kilku wariantów urządzenia opisanych w niniejszej publikacji, co w konsekwencji sprowadziło poszukiwania metod ograniczenia osadzania się sadzy do dwóch rozwiązań - z nadmuchem strumienia powietrza w miejsca osadzania się sadzy (opisanym w niniejszej publikacji) oraz z wypalaniem sadzy na sztucznie grzanej powierzchni izolatora (w przygotowaniu). W celu poprawy skuteczności oczyszczania, empirycznym badaniom poddawane są różne warianty kształtowania pola wyładowań koronowych, z pomiarem prądu tych wyładowań jako miary ich intensywności. Badaniom poddano m.in. warianty z siatką cienkich drutów w porównaniu z zespołem ostrzy liniowych. Po zastosowaniu modułu filtrów w postaci koncentrycznych siatek o różnej średnicy oczek uzyskano poprawę skuteczności oczyszczania do ponad 40 %.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 563-569
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Optimal parameters of engine systems operating during its heating after starting at low temperature
Optymalne parametry pracy układów silnika podczas nagrzewania w niskiej temperaturze
Autorzy:: Pszczółkowski, J.
Koliński, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243054.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: silniki spalinowe
rozruch w niskiej temperaturze
zadymienie spalin
combustion engines
start-up at low temperature
smokiness of the exhaust gases
Opis:: The basic problem of combustion engine heating phase after its starting at low ambient temperature is emission of harmful for the environment exhaust gas components. Environment pollution by diesel engines is determined by exhaust gas smokiness which is measured using light extinction coefficient. Exhaust gas smokiness means outlet engine gas colouring by opaque components, absorbing or dissipating the light. As basic kinds of smoke, especially appearing at engine heating phase we can specify: white, black and blue smoke. There is made the analysis of methods of limitation the emission of harmful for the environment diesel engine exhaust gas components after its starting with special attention to possibilities of optimisation the operating parameters of some engine systems. There are presented the exhaust gas smokiness characteristics for the AD4.236 diesel engine during its heating as functions of chosen construction, adjustment and exploitation parameters. Before the smokiness measurement there was realised a starting attempt of the engine prepared according to the starting procedures standards. Exhaust gas smokiness was measured using absorption smokiness measuring instrument. There was made the identification of the factors causing engine smokiness under its warming-up: low temperature of fuel, lubricating oil, air, cylinder walls and there was pointed the possibility of harmful for the environment exhaust gas components emission limitation using thermostarts (or other means of engine start-up aiding).
Podstawowym problemem fazy nagrzewania silników spalinowych po uruchomieniu w niskiej temperaturze otoczenia jest emisja szkodliwych dla środowiska składników spalin. Zanieczyszczenie środowiska przez silniki o zapłonie samoczynnym jest determinowane przez stopień zadymienia ich spalin, którego miarą jest współczynnik ekstynkcji światła. Zadymienie spalin oznacza zabarwienie gazów wylotowych silnika przez składniki nieprzezroczyste, pochłaniające lub rozpraszające światło. Jako podstawowe rodzaje dymu, występujące szczególnie w fazie nagrzewania silnika, wyróżnia się: dym biały, czarny i niebieski. Dokonano analizy metod ograniczenia emisji szkodliwych dla środowiska składników spalin silników o zapłonie samoczynnym po uruchomieniu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem możliwości optymalizacji parametrów pracy wybranych układów silnika. Przedstawiono charakterystyki zadymienia spalin silnika typu AD4.236 podczas nagrzewania w funkcji wybranych parametrów konstrukcyjnych, regulacyjnych i eksploatacyjnych. Przed pomiarem dymienia wykonywano próbę rozruchu silnika przygotowanego zgodnie z procedurami badań rozruchowych. Pomiaru poziomu zadymienia spalin dokonywano za pomocą dymomierza absorpcyjnego. Dokonano identyfikacji czynników powodujących dymienie silnika w fazie nagrzewania: niska temperatura paliwa, oleju smarującego, powietrza, ścian cylindrów i wskazano możliwość ograniczenia emisji szkodliwych składników spalin poprzez stosowanie świec płomieniowych (lub innych urządzeń wspomagania rozruchu).
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 2; 373-380
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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