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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of feasibility the use of infrared techniques in aviation : testing structures and aviation parts
    Autorzy:
    Sobieszek, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243819.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    NDT
    composites
    sandwich composites
    active thermography
    passive thermography
    Opis:
    This paper presents the use of infrared thermography in aviation. Each of the described applications has been proved experimentally and revealed the advantages and disadvantages of the thermography method. Thermography is a discipline of research that allows observation of many phenomena, e.g. simple temperature analysis, defectoscopic tests and actions of aerodynamic. Its use in aviation is multidirectional therefore; thermography is an attractive method for research. Thermal techniques seem simple; however require extensive knowledge of infrared radiation, the areas in which this technique is used, the influence of camera parameters on its capabilities and software knowledge applied depending on the purpose. This paper undertakes the verification of temperature analysis method, which is based on the tests of whole machine assembly and its parts during their operation - widely known as passive thermography. Another raised issue is defectoscopic study which aim is to detect structural defects by non-destructive testing (NDT) - active thermography. Several types of sandwich and composite materials were selected, and on the basis of the test results the limitations and possibilities of thermography in the field of active thermography were concluded. The last application considered in this study is the use of thermography for aerodynamic testing, i.e. verification transition point, laminar to turbulent layer on the aerodynamic profile.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 4; 479-485
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Non-destructive evaluation of rescue and patrol unmanned aerial vehicle
    Autorzy:
    Pawluczy-Majka, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243854.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    UAV
    NDT diagnostics
    active thermography
    Opis:
    With the growing intensity of civil usage of the UAV, one of the most important problems is safety. It consists of operational safe use of the UAV in the common air area and reliability of the aerial vehicle construction. Each flying object is subjected to external loads, which influence on it in flight and on the ground. The external loads are mainly caused by aerodynamic, weight and inertia influence, ground reaction force and the power unit [1]. That is why during service, UAV structures are prone to many mechanical and environmental conditions that can damage to composite structures in the form of delamination, fiber breakage, and matrix cracking. Monitoring the level and type of damage to a composite structure is vital to determining the component’s structural integrity and preventing the failure of the structure during flight [2]. Non-destructive testing which has been used so far to identify defects in the aircraft structure made from metallic materials has a quite limited application in the case of composite structures. With the growing use of composites in the aviation industry, a necessity appears to work out a method allowing identification of technological defects and damages appeared in the process of the UAV’s operation. The answer to the appearing demand could be, for instance, the active thermography technique used for the thin wall test of the skin elements of the UAV. The obtained research results bring closer the problem of selection of the quick, well-fitted non-destructive testing method depending on the kind of the diagnosed construction.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 411-416
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Detection of very thin defects in CFRP by the lock-in thermography method
    Autorzy:
    Świderski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247348.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    non-destructive testing
    composite material
    IR thermography
    Opis:
    Quick development of constructional composite materials application is caused by their excellent mechanical and strength-related properties, combined with a low specific weight. One of the basic groups of reinforcement materials in composites are carbon fibres discovered back in 19th century. The main reason of defects in structures of composite materials is the variability of working charges in constructions during the process of using. Existed defects are complicated because of the effects like loss of continuity of reinfused fibres, binder cracks and loss of fibres adhesiveness to binder. Diagnostic methods, which are effective with relation to metals became little effective when used in detection of defects in composite materials. This caused greater interest of diagnostic techniques with using infrared thermography. Lock-in thermography is one of NDT methods providing phase images of thermal waves in a sample leading to receiving a distribution of internal defects and allowing for thermal properties evaluation. We used lock-in thermography in connection with modulated thermal source synchronized with the IR image acquisition camera. It was prepared sample of multilayer structure carbon composite with deliberately introduced defects for comparative purposes. Very thin defects of different sizes and shapes made of Teflon or copper having a thickness of 0.1 mm were searches. The results are reported in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 1; 385-390
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    IR Thermography methods on nondestructive testing of ballistic covers made of multi - layer carbon fiber
    Autorzy:
    Hłosta, P.
    Świderski, W.
    Szudrowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244251.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    IR thermography
    light armour
    CFRP composite
    nondestructive testing
    Opis:
    Presently a lot of designs of light armours are based mainly on the multilayer composite materials. Thanks to these materials it was possible to achieve highest levels of ballistic resistance of specific armour at limited weight. The weight (area density) and the performance have direct influence on the value of combat ability of equipment and soldiers. Carbon fibers are basic types of reinforcement used in composites. They have many technical applications including light ballistic covers where they are mostly used as multi-layer composite materials constituting a structure made of several interconnected layers or many layers of carbon fibers, or in combination with other materials. Light ballistic covers have usually thickness of several to 10-20 mm and potential defects occurring in them have thermo-physical properties definitely different than materials they are made of so the non-destructive tests using thermography methods may be effective in detecting these defects. The main methods of active thermographic tests are as follows [1, 2]: - Pulsed Thermography – PT, - Step Heating Thermography – SHT, - Lock-in Thermography – LT, - Vibrothermography – VT. In the paper an application of Step Heating Thermography and Vibrothermography to detection of delaminating area of CFRP composites after mechanical impacts is presented.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 167-173
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aramid composites after fragment-proof test by ultrasonic ir thermography
    Autorzy:
    Pracht, M.
    Świderski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245923.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    ultrasonic IR thermography
    composite material
    aramid fabrics
    ballistic protection
    Opis:
    Modern soft ballistic armour is composed of high-strength fibres often used as packages of loose fabrics or laminates. These fibres include carbon, glass fibres, polymer fibres including aramid fibres and polyethylene fibres. Soft armour is applied to provide ballistic protection typically against the impact of small arms projectiles and fragments. In order to determine the level of ballistic protection for ballistic armour, fragment-simulating projectiles (FSP) are used which simulate the properties of fragments created during the explosion of various types of grenades and projectiles. The above-mentioned composites can include a variety of defects such as manufacturing defects, moisture ingress, projectiles impact and other defects. Infrared thermography is a method, which can be used to non-destructive testing and detecting defects of this type of material. However, ultrasonic stimulation is one of method of thermal stimulation used for detection defects in composite. The article presents the results of experimental research of multilayer aramid composite after fragment-proof tests by ultrasonic IR thermography method.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 2; 191-195
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The assessment of changes in the microstructure of a gas turbine blade with a non - destructive thermographic method
    Autorzy:
    Kułaszka, A.
    Błachnio, J.
    Zasada, D.
    Jóźwik, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246861.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    gas turbine
    blade
    pulsed thermography diagnosing
    health/maintenance status
    Opis:
    Diagnostic methods applied nowadays to examine condition of a gas turbine blade have been discussed in the Introduction section. What follows in the body of the paper is presentation of findings on the assessment of changes in the microstructure of a gas turbine blade with a non-destructive thermographic method. A laboratory experiment performed on new turbine rotor blades made of the EI 867WD alloy has been described. The experiment consisted in holding the blades at different temperatures in the exhaust-gas environment produced by an aircraft engine supplied with jet fuel. The pulsed thermography method has been used to determine and analyse the temperature distribution upon the examined area while cooling-down after the earlier uniform warming it up with a heat pulse. Diffusion and effusion of heat in the alloy have been examined. Both phenomena are determined with thermal properties and other physical properties such as size, shape, weight, structure, chemical composition, thickness of the protective coating of the blade. Examination of the microstructure of the blade material has shown the increased thickness of the coating, grain size, and in particular disadvantageous modification in the strengthening gamma' phase against temperature. Finding the relationship between parameters of thermal responses of blade materials to heat pulse against the average size of precipitates of the gamma' phase and thickness of the aluminium protective coating enables inferences on changes in the blade material's condition. With this relationship as the basis and knowing permissible changes to the microstructure one can determine the 'fit-for-use' and 'unfit-for-use' (i.e. serviceable and unserviceable) conditions of the blades. Assuming the material criterion, i.e. some disadvantageous change in the morphology of precipitates of the gamma' phase in the EI 867WD alloy under examination, the 'fit-for-use' (serviceability) thresholds for blades affected with different temperatures have been defined.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 271-281
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of image analysis methods on the example of ultrasonic thermography of an aramid composite
    Autorzy:
    Świderski, Waldemar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244857.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    non-destructive testing
    composite material
    IR thermography
    image analysis
    Opis:
    Infrared thermography using ultrasound thermal excitation of the tested material is one of the most effective methods in non-destructive testing of a multi-layer aramid composite. This type of material is very popular in the construction of light ballistic armours. Typical defects are delamination between layers of aramid fabric joined by resin. They are usually filled with air. Delamination located deep under the surface of the test generates very weak temperature signals. They are often at the level of noise. To reduce the impact of noise on the detection of a defect, special methods of image analysis (thermograms) are used. Such methods include principal component analysis and wavelet analysis. Principal Component Analysis is a relatively new procedure of statistical data treatment, which is becoming increasingly popular in non-destructive testing. Mathematically, it is often regarded as implementation of the so-called singular values decomposition technique, which allows extracting of spatial information from a matrix of source data. The wavelet analysis is an integral transform, which represents the convolution of an analysed process with a special mother function called wavelet. Wavelets are characterized by two parameters: scale and shift. The paper presents a comparison of the efficacy of these methods in the detection of defects in the multilayer composite reinforced aramid fibre.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 2; 145-150
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Testing of internal combustion engines of motorcycles with the use of thermal imaging methods
    Autorzy:
    Magdziak-Tokłowicz, M.
    Skrętowicz, M.
    Wróbel, R.
    Sroka, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949484.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    combustion engine
    thermal analysis
    thermography
    thermal research of motorcycles
    Opis:
    The internal combustion engine should be rated for the thermal loads that come from different sources. Thermal analysis is important both for design purposes and for evaluating the conditions of its use. Very good results are obtained by a combination of non-invasive measurement techniques, such as research using infrared thermal imaging techniques [3, 11]. The purpose of the study was to determine the engine thermal load by evaluating the average temperature on the outside surface of the engine at many of its points for two selected motorcycle engines with similar displacement capacities. For many reasons, such as ecology, durability, engine strength and thermal performance when heating and cooling are critical. To accomplish this task, a thermographic technique for indirect evaluation has been used, thus creating the possibility of measuring the temperature in a dynamic manner. These are accurate measurements and most importantly do not interfere with the construction of the object under investigation. The engine was tested during operation according to external and load characteristics. As a result of the work, graphs of temperature curves of heating and cooling of the tested engines were compiled. The article presents a methodology for measuring the temperature fields of outer surface engines. The collected material will be used in the future for studying the equable load on the cylinders, and as accurately as possible determine the conditions of movement such as power, revolutions, flow rates, temperatures and pressures.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 4; 181-186
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Non - standard methods of data processing in thermographic non - destructive testing of light ballistic protections
    Autorzy:
    Swiderski, W.
    Szudrowicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247994.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    light ballistic protection
    IR thermography
    non-destructive testing
    data processing
    Opis:
    IR thermography is a technique used to detection, registration, processing and visualization of invisible infrared radiation emitted by a tested object. Image (thermogram) is a result of this technique and it maps the distribution of temperature on surface of tested object. The image after entering in digital form into the computer needs to get certain treatments on it to separate information of interest through its processing. A characteristic feature of image processing is that the image exists at either the input or output of information processing. The output images should be free from disturbances and they should have distinctly separated features of interest. After the initial processing of the image, the next steps of its analysis follow. In the result of the analysis quantitative data is received that describes some determined features of the image and the complete image comprising hundreds details is substituted by a limited population of separated features. This population can be used effectively by different recognition methods and algorithms. In thermographic investigations, situations occur when treatment of images applied in standard software is not fully efficient to obtain information, which is "camouflaged" in taken thermogram. Such event takes place particularly in the case of looking for thermal "disturbances" onto the surface, which are caused by the undersurface defects. Such situation needs the application of special transformations carried out on thermograms. These transformations lead to selecting from all information included in the thermogram only such part of it that is essential from the point of view of conducted tests. In such case it is required the usage of advanced data processing techniques like thermal tomography, one-dimensional Fourier analysis, principle component analysis (PCA), an approximation by means of polynominals, wavelet analysis, neural network and reconstruction of thermographic signal. In this paper, these methods are described and examples of their use in tests of light ballistic protections are presented.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 1; 431-440
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Possibility of defects detection by ir thermography in multi-layered polyaramide materials used for military applications
    Autorzy:
    Panas, A.
    Pracht, M.
    Świderski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242822.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    infrared thermography
    non-destructive testing
    composite material
    aramide fabrics
    light armours
    Opis:
    Recently the composite materials have been often applied in designs of light ballistic protections as the progress in domain of polymers chemistry has made possible the production of materials providing efficient protection against small arms bullets and fragments. Usually the composites apply textile materials joined with plastic what creates multi-layered composite materials used for personal ballistic protections (vests and helmets for shots and fragments protection) and armours of car vehicles and stationary objects. This type of composite materials is largely made on the basis of very resistant aramid and polyethane fibres joined with phenolic and polyurethane resins and other elastic mixtures. These materials are characterized as lightweight, non-corrosive and easy to form what makes them fit well to the surface, which they have to protect. Defects, which can appear in this type of multi-layered composite materials usually, are inaccuracies in gluing the composite layers and stratifications and delaminations occurring under hits of fragments and bullets. A method that possibly can be used to non-destructive testing of this type of materials and detection of internal defects deploys infrared thermography. In order to determine the potential use of thermal methods the specialized software was developed for computing 3D (three-dimensional) dynamic temperature distributions in anisotropic multi-layered solid body with subsurface defects. The paper includes some results of simulation representing possibilities for the use of IR thermography methods to test such composite materials.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 243-250
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of thermal signal characteristics on defect detection in GFRP by active optical thermography
    Autorzy:
    Świderski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247929.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    non-destructive testing
    composite material
    IR thermography
    badania nieniszczące
    materiał kompozytowy
    termografia IR
    Opis:
    Advances in technological development, since the 1990s, has been associated with the development of two basic domains of knowledge: information technology and material engineering. The development of material engineering is directly related to composite materials. One group of composite materials are fibre-reinforced composites. Due to their unique properties, they are used in various fields of engineering sectors. Composites reinforced with glass fibre (GFRP) are the second most commonly used composite after carbon fibre reinforced composites (CFRP). GFRP in many cases can replace traditional structural materials, which are usually made from metal. Of course, this material is exposed to damage both in production and operation phases. One method of non-destructive testing that effectively identifies defects in GFRP is active optical thermography. In this method, for thermal stimulation of the tested material, various types of heat sources are used for example: heating lamps, lasers etc. This article analyses the influence of the characteristics of the thermal optical sources on detection of typical defects in GFRP.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 1; 379-383
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    IR thermography in NDE of carbon-glass laminate
    Autorzy:
    Pawluczy-Majka, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242394.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    IR Thermography
    NDE
    Nordam Repair Division
    non-destructive testing
    composite aircraft structures
    fracture
    delamination
    Opis:
    The article presents a comparison of the effects of using active IR Thermography technique for the tests of composite aircraft structures. The most important question arising together with an increased use of composites in aviation industry is to work out a method, which would allow identification of the technological defects, and damages appeared in the process of the aircraft use. Non-destructive testing which has been used so far to identify defects in the aircraft structure made from metallic materials has a quite limited application in case of composite structures. With the growing use of composites in the aviation industry, a necessity appears to work out a method allowing early identification of technological defects and damages appeared in the process of the aircraft operation. It could be the active thermography techniques used for the thin walled elements tests, such as wing and fuselage skin, with the focus on fractures and delamination. Light composite aircraft have been built for a many of years, however, the annual flight hours of these aircraft are incomparably lower than those of the aircraft used in air transport. In group of light aircraft, the less important elements were made of composites regarding the strength of the whole construction. When the newest aircraft were introduced, with most important construction elements such as the fuselage, wings, horizontal and vertical tails, doors and the interior made of composite materials, it was expected that the increased amount of the annual flight hours (more than 3000 hours) and the expected airliner lifetime (about 30 000 hours) would soon cause degradation of the mechanical properties of the composites following from the progress of ageing of the composite structures. The obtained research results bring closer the problem of selection of the well-fitted non-destructive testing method depending on the kind of the diagnosed construction
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 405-410
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The possibility of application thermography method for controlling friction stir welding of AW-5083 aluminium alloy sheets
    Autorzy:
    Dudzik, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242990.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    Friction Stir Welding
    FSW
    thermography
    monitoring
    5xxx aluminium alloy
    shipbuilding
    termografia
    monitorowanie
    okrętownictwo
    Opis:
    The article presents the research results of thermography method used for monitoring process of friction stir welding of sheets made of AW-5083 aluminium alloy. Nowadays monitoring the temperature is used in many fields of science, including in the diagnosis of machining and joining processes such as turning, grinding, milling, welding, etc. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) – a new technology can be successfully used for butt-welding of different types of aluminium alloy sheets. FSW method can be an alternative to traditional arc welding methods i.e. MIG or TIG. The joining process was carried out on laboratory stand built on the basis of universal milling machine FWA-31. The parameters of joining AW-5083 alloy sheets chosen after optimization of the FSW process were presented. For determining temperature and its distribution in tool-workpieces contact area, noncontact infrared method was chosen. Infrared camera ThermoGear G100 produced by NEC Avio Infrared Technologies Co., Ltd. was used. The camera has two measuring ranges defined: -40-+120°C and 0-500°C. Average value of the temperature between the tool and joined metal sheets was about 380°C in case when correct parameters of welding were chosen. Controlling the temperature allow catch the moment when the material of joined sheets is plasticized (370°C ) which is best to start the linear moving of the tool and the same start of welding. The study can be the basis for the use of thermography method to monitor the process and determine the parameters of the friction stir welding for obtaining a high quality joint.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 1; 121-127
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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