Temat: Oil pollution - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Optical properties of crude oil detected in seawater
Autorzy:: Haule, K.
Toczek, H.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245741.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: crude oil
marine ecology
fluorescence
seawater
oil pollution
Opis:: The effects of crude oils entering marine environment have been investigated since early 1960s when oil pollution became a subject of global environmental concern. Extraction and transportation of crude oils have been contributing to water pollution especially in closed water basins, such as the Baltic Sea. It was estimated that yearly oil input to the Baltic Sea amounts to 21-70 thousands of tons, which is twice higher than in the North Sea and three times higher than in the North Atlantic. Growing pollution loads into the Baltic Sea created a demand for multifarious studies on the environmental effects of oil products. In this study, we focus on bio-optical and ecological aspects of the presence of crude oil in seawater. Dispersed oil droplets occur in seawater as the result of contaminated river inflows, bilge water discharges and as the consequence of mechanical and chemical dispersion of oil spills. Their optical properties depend on oil type, concentration and size distribution. We present further results obtained from the developed fluorescence-based method for determination of the crude oil concentration in natural Baltic seawater and for evaluation of the oil droplets size by applying vacuum filtering. The results have been measured for the samples collected in Southern Baltic Sea during several ship cruises in 2012. We discuss the application of vacuum filtering in the fluorescence analyses in the context of laboratory, in situ and remote detection of dispersed oil.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 3; 127-132
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Fluorescence properties of mechanically dispersed crude oil
Autorzy:: Haule, K.
Toczek, H.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247844.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: crude oil
marine ecology
fluorescence
seawater
oil pollution
Opis:: Despite of numerous actions undertook by the global and local authorities towards protection of marine environment, oil pollution loads into the Baltic Sea still tend to increase and need to be continuously estimated in order to apply the legal regulations. There is a demand for multifarious studies on the environmental effects of oil products. Dispersed oil droplets occur in seawater as the result of contaminated river inflows, bilge water discharges and as the consequence of mechanical and chemical dispersion of oil spills. Their optical properties depend on oil type, concentration and size distribution. Oil content influences many environmental factors, like water quality and bio-optical parameters (e.g. water-leaving radiance, inherent optical properties, seawater fluorescence). We present a unique study of the collected database of crude oil fluorescence spectra for better understanding the correlations between oil optical properties and its concentration, as well as for evaluation of the oil droplets size by the application of vacuum filtering using three filters of different permeability. Fluorescence spectra have been registered for oil-in-water emulsion samples prepared in the laboratory by mechanical dispersion. We discuss the optical properties of crude oil and the relationships between them in the context of potential remote detection of dispersed oil in seawater.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 161-167
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The European controlling system to reduce oil discharges in the sea
Autorzy:: Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246642.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: marine transport
oil pollution detection
satellite surveillance
CleanSeaNet
Opis:: Shiporigin operational discharges of oil mainly include the discharge of bilge water from motor rooms, fuel oil sludge and oily ballast water from fuel tanks. Also, various tankers can illegally discharge of tank-washing residues. Accidental discharges can appear when ship collide or come in distress at sea (e.g. engine breakdown, fire, explosion, pipeline breaks). There is necessity of continuous inspection of marine shipping routes, especially in environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. whole Baltic Sea). If protection against oil pollution is considered - the coastal nations of the North Sea are formed in the Bonn Agreement, whereas coastal nations of the Baltic Sea are formed in the HELCOM convention. Both organizations carrying out the international aerial surveillances and manage international oil-combat systems. Unfortunately, air surveillance can operate mainly in good weather, good visibility and in daylight. The surface of the whole world is observed independently on the time of day and weather by antennas of Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) of dozen military satellites with resolution of several meters. Some civil satellites equipped with SAR, supply every few days a set of signals which in ground-based centres are transformed to image of a define area of the sea surface. In these images, the shapes of places, which can be interpreted as polluted by an oil film, are shown. The system is introduced after EU directive and managed by European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA). EMSA has developed the CleanSeaNet service - a satellite based monitoring system for marine oil spill detection. Advantages and limitations of the SAR-methods are discussed in this study. Physical, meteorological and hydrological as well as organizational conditions for effective use of this system are considered.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 375-381
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Fluorescence of natural seawater exposed to oil pollution
Autorzy:: Otremba, Z.
Baszanowska, E.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245422.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: marine fleet exploitation
seawater
oil pollution
fluorescence spectroscopy
Opis:: The natural seawater contains both dissolved and suspended organic substances originating from natural sources and human activities – like the marine transport fleet among other. To specify the type and quantity of vitally valid as well as dangerous for properly functioning marine ecosystems substances complicated and sophisticated chemical instrumentation and methodologies must be used. Only a small number of seawater components it is possible easily to determine their concentrations – for example, the salt content is determined directly in the bulk of water through simultaneous measurement of electrolytic conductivity and temperature of water. It is worth to search similarly quick method for oil substances directly in the seawater. Taking into account seawater organic pollutants originating from natural sources inter alia crude oils, the presence of refinery petroleum substances due to their fluorescence in ultra-violet light can be determined based on fluorescence spectroscopy. The aim of this paper is to search fluorescence features of oil substances dissolved in natural seawater based on excitation-emission spectroscopy. In the paper fresh and oily contaminated seawater taken from the coastal area of the Baltic Sea were used. As an oil pollution ‘Petro-baltic’ oil were applied. The natural seawater, at first was laboratory exposed to low extremely amount of oil and then it was examined by fluorescence under UV light. The seawater from vicinity of Gdynia (Poland) were tested as fresh and after artificially contaminated by different amount of oil (from 0.5 to 500 ppm). Spectrofluorometer Hitachi F-7000 FL was applied to measure excitation-emission spectra (EEMs). Low amounts of oil (up to several ppm) cause increasing of main peak in excitation-emission spectra (EEMs). Addition of larger amounts of oil results in appearance new peaks, which originate from fluorescence of soluble fractions of oil artificially added to examined water. These specific features of oil describe the spectroscopic signatures of oil, which is the basis to development operational method of the source of oil pollution identification.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 3; 181-186
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Comparison of fluorometric signatures of oil residues in both marine environment and in organic diluent
Autorzy:: Otremba, Z.
Baszanowska, E.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243211.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: oil pollution
seawater
excitation-emission spectra
fluorescence spectroscopy
Opis:: The significant part of petroleum substances is transferred to the marine environment after technical activities (inevitable exploitive spills, illegal discharges). However a certain part of petroleum in seawater coming from the natural sources. Therefore, to develop the safety of natural marine environment it is necessary to track not only the anthropogenic pollutants but also the natural sources of petroleum. To distinguish both source of oil the fluorescence properties of oil can be used as the tools to oil identification. The aim of the study is to describe the optical properties of crude oil after it contact with aquatic environment based on fluorescence spectroscopy. For the study, crude oil ‘Petrobaltic’ type potentially found in marine environment due to coming from natural source was applied. To dissolve oil, two different solvent – hexane and Baltic seawater form the Gdynia coast were used. To measure the excitation-emission spectra (EEMs) of oil spectrofluorometer Hitachi F-7000 FL was applied. In the paper, we discuss the changes of oil EEMs in two cases for oil dissolved in n-hexane and for oil dissolved in seawater for various oil concentration. Obtained EEMs for oil dissolved in seawater indicate that EEMs spectrum contain the main peak – describing by the wavelength – independent fluorescence maximum, which was detected for oil dissolved in n-hexane (typical for this kind of oil). However, the intensity of oil fluorescence decreases after oil contact with seawater. This approach could allow expanding the description of complex mixtures of oils as a possible tool proposed for identification the type and origin of oil found in marine environment.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 3; 175-179
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Fluorescence spectra of oil after it contacts with aquatic environment
Autorzy:: Baszanowska, E.
Otremba, Z.
Toczek, H.
Rohde, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245054.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: oil pollution
fluorescence spectroscopy
excitation-emission spectra
seawater
environment protection
Opis:: The main task for natural marine environment protection is to prevent the inflow of various contaminants including oil substances and the real challenge is the ability to rapidly detect these pollutants. Moreover important is to find the source or the maker of the oil spill. In this paper, we consider fundamental physical aspects in the area of possibility of monitoring the natural marine ecosystem based on fluorescence spectroscopy. We utilize the fluorescence ability of numerous oil components – mainly polycyclic hydrocarbons. The paper concerns the spectrofluorimetric characterization of oils have been in use during exploitation of the marine fleet, i.e. lubricate oil, fuels, transformer and hydraulic oils as well as crude oils or their residues. Every kind of oil has a chance to enter the marine environment, especially in a case of ship emergency or after collision with other vessel ore shoreline structure as well as when ship enters the stranding. After discharge of oil, some of oil components are dissolved in the water, bacteria or photochemical reactions, which results in transformation of composition of oil, degrade some. Fluorescence spectrometer Perkin Elmer LS55 was applied to obtain the fluorescence spectra using different excitation wavelength in the range from 240 nm to 500 nm. We discuss the changes of the shapes of excitationemission spectra (EEMs) of various types of oil and the EEMs spectra after contact of oil with seawater as an oil-inwater emulsion, which is the most frequent form of oil in the water column. Significant changes in the shape of spectra and displacement of the peaks are observed.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 29-34
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Concept of multifunctional small cleanup ship
Autorzy:: Otremba, Z.
Kończewicz, W.
Czoska, P.
Krużycki, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247413.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: marine transport
oil pollution
environmental protection
port inspection
port services
Opis:: The Baltic Sea belongs to a global system of protected area and has a status of Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) which results in a mechanism for strict control on International shipping activities within designated areas through the UN International Maritime Organization (IMO). Countries can declare such areas, and then establish rules for their protection. Additionaly almost the entire Polish coastline has been notified to the European Natura 2000 sites. Inside coastal NATURA 2000 areas some places are covered by increased protection because of belonging to a system of coastal and marine Baltic Sea Protected Areas (HELCOM BSPA). On the other hand intensive shiping in the vicinity of the Polish coast, high population density in the coast, tourism as well as coastal and marine industry necessitate special attention in relation to environment protection. Therefore, inter alia, novel techniques for the surveillance of purity of coast and coastal water are desirable. In the case of large spill - existing combating system provides only partly reducing ofamount of oil entering the sea environment. Elimination ofa greatest number of small oil spillages or discharges is possible, if well developed techniques and organization systems is used. The paper presents pre-project assumptions for small multifunctional ship designed for inshore activity — especially for port inspections and service, as well as for removal of floating and submerged rubbish and combating small oil spillages. We have analyzed possibility to achieve expected exploitive features of the ship using present knowledge for construction of small ship hulls applying principles of engine and navigational equipment steeringfor choosing the best route and for optimization the water surface cleaning-works as well as to minimize the energy consumption. We expect, that this ship - owing to main designations thanks to modern technical equipment and sophisticated software -will also fulfill conditions as an educational or as a training vessel.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 341-345
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Spectroscopic methods in application to oil pollution detection in the sea
Autorzy:: Baszanowska, E.
Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/248141.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: marine transport
oil pollution
spectroscopic methods
fluorescence
time-resolved fluorescence
Opis:: The escalating maritime transport as well as offshore crude oil exploitation and pipeline transportation leads to the increase of feasibility of the discharge of petroleum substances to the sea environment events. Therefore, it is necessary to rapidly detect of oil pollution to minimize the extent of contamination in the seawater. The aim of this study is to discuss the assumptions of the optical methods using for detection of oil pollution in the seawater. We consider the different approaches of oil-in-water detection using spectral active and passive techniques with emphasis on fluorescence techniques. The intensive development of scientific apparatus and methods in light spectroscopy leads to build various airborne or underwater specialized devices (UV-, IR-scanners, fluorosensors), which allows to detect oil pollution in relatively large areas of the sea. The possibility of measurements of oil pollution in the seawater is particularly important for monitoring, especially in very difficult weather conditions and highly waved sea surface. Such possibilities should be given by devices for in-situ measurements based on time-resolved fluorescence. Such measurements allow obtaining the significant information about presence of oil in really short time. As we show in this study, the wide-range development of fluorescence techniques opens the diagnostic opportunity not only for detection of the oil-in-water content but also for identification the type of oil directly in seawater or even determination of the source of oil pollution.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 1; 15-20
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Ocean optics in application to remote detection of an oil-in-water emulsion originating from the engine room
Autorzy:: Otremba, Z.
Rudź, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247417.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: environmental protection
oil pollution
engine room
ocean optics
Monte Carlo modelling
Opis:: Relatively great number of detected and confirmed oil spillages in the Polish marine areas reveals that discharge of oil substances from any one of a large number of ships to the marine environment is real in any time. Surface oil contamination can be easily detected by satellite or airborne radar techniąues, but unfortunately oil dispersed in the bulk of water cannot be detected at the present. Discharge waters usually contain small amounts ofoil substances in the form of dispersed droplets (emulsion). It is revealed that oil emulsion cause measurable changes in the optical properties of seawater. In practice, detection of changes of these properties should be possible by the standard radiance or irradiance reflectance meter. This paper presents a computed photon trace simulation applied to the marine environment polluted by oil-in-water emulsion. Model of marine area consists ofwhether conditions, sun elevation, sea depth, optical properties of seawater related to various transparency/turbidity: from clean oceanic waters to turbid coastal seawater (as water from Gulf of Gdańsk is). Model of oil pollution is represented by oil droplets size distribution and by spectra of both attenuation-coefficient and refraction-coefficient related to two optically absolutely different kinds of oil. It is revealed that the values of irradiance reflectance are significantly differ for the clean sea area in relation to the polluted one, even for small amounts of engine-room origin oil pollution.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 349-353
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Modelling of seawater polluted by light and heavy crude oil droplets
Autorzy:: Rudź, K.
Darecki, M.
Toczek, H.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246668.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: oil pollution
remote sensing reflectance
Monte Carlo simulation
radiative transfer
oil-in-water emulsion
Opis:: Significant amounts of crude oil transported from offshore fields to the refineries using tankers or pipelines, demand increased control of seawater pollution. Tanker accidents resulting in oil spills drive much attention, as they influence local marine life and coastal industry. However, the most significant annual amount of crude oil enters the sea in the form of oilin- water emulsion as a result of standard tanker operations, offshore oil extraction and daily work of refineries. Many branches of science are challenged to provide new methods for oil detection, less expensive, more sensitive and more accurate. Remote satellite or airborne detection of large oil spills is possible using joint techniques as microwave radars, ultraviolet laser fluorosensors and infrared radars. Some methods are capable to deal with oil streaks detection and estimation of oil thickness. Although there is currently, no method to detect small concentration of oil droplets dispersed in seawater. Oil droplets become additional absorbents and attenuators in water body. They significantly change seawater inherent optical properties, which imply the change of apparent optical properties, detectable using remote sensing techniques. To enable remote optical detection of oil-in-water emulsion, a study of optical properties of two types of crude oil was conducted. Radiative transfer theory was applied to quantify the contribution of oil emulsion to remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). Spectra of Rrs from in situ measurements in Baltic Sea were compared to Rrs spectra of seawater polluted by 1 ppm of crude oil emulsion, collected using radiative transfer simulation. The light crude oil caused a 9-10% increase of Rrs while the heavy one reduced Rrs up to 30% (model accuracy stayed within 5% for considered spectral range). Results are discussed concerning their application to shipboard and offshore oil content detection.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 473-480
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Emulsified fuels of machine origin in seawater - a contribute to remote detection
Autorzy:: Rudz, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246040.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: oil pollution
remote sensing reflectance
Monte Carlo simulation
radiative transfer
oil-in-water emulsion
Opis:: Development of industry and trade in the last few decades caused a huge increase in the pollution of the world's oceans. Substantial contributors to marine pollution come with the rivers from land-based sources including the by products of industry, run-off from agriculture activities such as biocides as well as effluents from urban areas. Moreover, a significant amount of marine pollution is caused by shipping and maritime activities. The operation of ship plants gives a real possibility for engine oils and fuels to reach the marine environment. Discharge waters contain a certain amount of petroleum derivatives in the form of dispersed droplets (oil-in-water emulsion). The presence of oil emulsion cause measurable changes in the optical properties of seawater. It is conceptually possible to detect these changes using a standard radiance or irradiance reflectance meter. Hence, a set of radiative transfer simulation has been carried out. This paper presents a computed photon trace simulation based on the Monte Carlo code, applied to the marine environment. The results are presented as reflectance spectra for the models of Baltic Sea and ocean water both pure and polluted by oil emulsion. It is shown that even small amounts of petroleum pollution raise the values of irradiance reflectance and cause a spectral shift by certain conditions. A possibility for remote evaluation of oil pollution is discussed as well as the perspective for improving the interpretation of shipboard and offshore light field analyses.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 375-381
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Emulsified fuels of machine origin in seawater - a contribute to remote detection
Autorzy:: Rudz, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242232.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: oil pollution
remote sensing reflectance
Monte Carlo simulation
radiative transfer
oil-in-water emulsion
Opis:: Development of industry and trade in the last few decades caused a huge increase in the pollution of the world's oceans. Substantial contributors to marine pollution come with the rivers from land-based sources including the by-products of industry, run-off from agriculture activities such as biocides as well as effluents from urban areas. Moreover, a significant amount of marine pollution is caused by shipping and maritime activities. The operation of ship plants gives a real possibility for engine oils and fuels to reach the marine environment. Discharge waters contain a certain amount of petroleum derivatives in the form of dispersed droplets (oil-in-water emulsion). The presence of oil emulsion cause measurable changes in the optical properties of seawater. It is conceptually possible to detect these changes using a standard radiance or irradiance reflectance meter. Hence, a set of radiative transfer simulation has been carried out. This paper presents a computed photon trace simulation based on the Monte Carlo code, applied to the marine environment. The results are presented as reflectance spectra for the models of Baltic Sea and ocean water both pure and polluted by oil emulsion. It is shown that even small amounts of petroleum pollution rise the values of irradiance reflectance and cause a spectral shift by certain conditions. A possibility for remote evaluation of oil pollution is discussed as well as the perspective for improving the interpretation of shipboard and offshore light field analyses.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 385-390
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Modelling of visibility of oil dispersed in the sea water column
Autorzy:: Freda, W.
Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242606.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: seawater pollution
oil emulsion
photon trace simulation
light field reconstruction
remote sensing
Opis:: Oil pollution in marine environment is a serious threat both to a variety of animals living in it and the people who benefit from this wealth. These impurities may occur in the depths of the sea as a result of discharges from ships, naval disasters, failures of underwater systems of oil extraction and transportation as well as polluted inflows from the land. The pollutions may be present on the surface in the form of oil layers or films that can be readily observed remotely. But they may also arise in the form of an emulsion of oil beneath the surface of the water. In this case the oil contamination detection is difficult. In this paper we consider the impact of underwater oil emulsion layer (5 m) on the property which is measured remotely – remote sensing reflectance RSR. The RSR values were calculated using the Monte Carlo method for the Inherent Optical Properties measured in the Gulf of Mexico where the Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred between late April and mid July 2010. Influence of the depth at which the layer of emulsion exists – on visibility of “oil-cloud” is evidenced. In the studied case the observed contrast of oiled area is negative and reaches zero for the depth exceeding 20 m.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 89-93
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: BMD bio - fuel for diesel engines
Autorzy:: Sitnik, L.
Malinowski, A.
Matuszewska, A.
Biedrzycki, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247980.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
biobutanol
rapeseed oil (RO)
bio-fuel
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:: The paper regards the use of bio-blends consisting of vegetable oil and higher alcohol (biobutanol) as a new component of diesel fuels. The use of rapeseed oil as one of the components eliminates the need energy-intensive conversion rapeseed oil to FAME. The use of higher alcohol, such as a butanol obtained directly from biomass is in accordance with requirements of the EU on the promotion of renewable energy resources. Experiments on chassis dynamometer with fuels containing 20% by volume bio-blend (BM) and 80% of diesel fuels (D) were performed. Main parameters of engine (power output, torque, specific fuel consumption) and the main exhaust gas components (THC, CO, NOx and PM) showed very promising results. The properties of different alcohols and engine fuels, properties of investigated fuels, examples of investigations results on the car test chassis bed by NEDC test load and by fuelling the engine with investigated bmd20 and standard diesel fuel, relatives change of pollutants emission and fuel consumption by fuelling the car engine with BMD20 and Diesel fuel, the differences in emission and fuel consumption during fuelling the car engine with BMD20 and Diesel fuel recorded during the test bed investigation of the car, relatives change of pollutants emission and fuel consumption during engine fuelling with BMD20 and Diesel fuel are presented in the paper.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 1; 365-370
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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