Temat: CO emission - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Butanol/biobutanol as a component of an aviation and diesel fuel
Autorzy:: Dzięgielewski, W.
Gawron, W.
Kaźmierczak, U.
Kulczycki, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247384.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: aviation
diesel fuels
biocomponents
CO2 emission
Opis:: This paper describes the analysis and conclusions regarding the use of butanol/biobutanol as a component of conventional mineral fuels employed in different areas of transportation. Butanol from biomass - biobutanol is interesting as biocomponent of gasoline, diesel fuel as well as aviation fuels. This is especially important in case of air transport, which is the carbon dioxide emission source of the fastest growth. Biobutanol is tested as biocomponent of gasoline, including aviation ones, but there are no information about biobutanol added to mineral Jet fuel as well as diesel fuel. Direction of research conducted by leading aviation companies indicates that hydrocarbon biocomponent will be main biofuel used as aviation turbine fuel. One of reported technology is focused on use of butane-1-ol as semi-finished products for isoparaffinic hydrocarbons generation that then would be used for aviation turbine fuels production. In order to do such analysis the preliminary lab testing of blends of butanol isomers with aviation fuel Jet A-1 and diesel fuel were performed. The paper contains the results of standard tests for blends of mineral fuels with butane-1-ol and butane-2-ol added in concentration of 0-20 %(V/V). Both the advantages and disadvantages regarding the use of such component of mineral fuels are presented. Butanol decreases value of flash point and significantly influence on conductivity of Jet fuel. In case of aviation fuel for turbine engines, and diesel fuel, the restrictions regarding direct use of butanol are important. However, butanol can be treated as semi-finished material for synthesizing of biohydrocarbons used in above applications.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 69-75
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The profitability of disposing of vehicles fulfilling the older euro standards in terms of CO2 emission
Autorzy:: Menes, Maciej
Wiśniowski, Piotr
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243693.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: CO2 emission
exhaust gasses
cars
engines
Opis:: The automotive market is developing very dynamically. In recent years, we can observe activities of automotive concerns in the production of new models of electric, hybrid and hydrogen vehicles, and conventional cars are supplied with increasingly economical and low-emission engines. There are also increasingly stringent standards related to exhaust emissions from the exhaust system. From September 1, 2018, passenger cars have to comply with the Euro 6d-Temp emission standard and be homologated according to the WLTP test procedure including the WLTC driving cycle and emission measurements in road traffic conditions. The exhaust components measured during the test, such as carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides or hydrocarbons, are toxic to living organisms. However, it seems that the most important issue in the long term may be the value of carbon dioxide emissions, the excess of which poses an ecological threat to the entire planet. The production of new vehicles equipped with modern complicated combustion engines, batteries, fuel cells and electronic devices is associated with a very high emission of this greenhouse gas The authors of the following article, based on their own research, sought to estimate the ecological profitability of replacing a used passenger car meeting the Euro-4 emissions standard for a new vehicle bearing in mind the value of carbon dioxide emissions during vehicle production. The analysis was to indicate how intensive the annual operation of the vehicle should be to make it profitable to recycle and replace it with a modern car with lower emissions considering the global sum of carbon dioxide emissions.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 1; 89-94
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Application of austenitic steels in energy absorbing structures
Autorzy:: Moćko, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246772.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: aluminium alloys
CO2 emission
electric vehicle
vehicle structure
Opis:: Occupants protection during vehicle crash is one of the major problems considered at vehicle designing stage. The increasing safety as well as comfort requirements results in the total vehicle weight increase. On the other hand, higher mass influence on the fuel economy of vehicle. Thus, it is very important to maintain or even reduce vehicle weight. One of the solutions of this problem is application of a new materials having good strength-to-weight ratio i.e. high strength steels (HSS). They are often used in protective and energy absorbing structures in automotive industry. One of HSS so-called austenitic steels are characterized by excellent mechanical properties such as: high strength, strong strain, and strain rate hardening. Those mechanical effects are consequence of microstructural evolution during strong deformations i.e. twinning and phase transformation. As a consequence those steels are very good material for the purposes of energy absorbing and protective structures. This article presents the results of mechanical properties tests of VP159 austenitic steel. On the basis of experimental data, the JC constitutive model has been calibrated. The obtained results were used for the computer simulations of energy absorbing of square profiles made of analysed material. The results were compared with other types of steel.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 305-310
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Dependence of the toxic components exhaust emission from the car engine starting temperature
Autorzy:: Kneba, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246932.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: CO and HC emission
engine cold start
Opis:: Toxic ingredients at cold start rise dramatically comparing to hot start. Car operation in urban area is characterized by short rides and different time stops. Engine cooling effect of change in both the combustion conditions, the preparation of combustible mixture and the change in engine control algorithm is presented. The aim of this study was to increase the experimental finding toxins in exhaust emissions when cold and warm start the engine. Measurements were conducted after natural cooled vehicle engine when parked car. Graphs of toxic emissions especially CO and HC at different temperatures start-up are presented. Work is aimed at designing algorithms for control of a preheating before and during the start-up. The significant impact of oxygen sensor delay time was proved experimentally. The biggest impact on reducing the toxic emissions in the exhaust when starting the engine is not warmed-up delay switching to the oxygen concentration sensor in the exhaust. This delay is caused by warm-up the sensor to a temperature of about 250 °C. To determine whether this delay is very short which would undermine the sense of indicating the effect of the heating fluid to the emission of toxins on the voltage sensor measured oxygen concentration after cold start. However, not only sensor is responsible for very high cold start toxic emissions. Equally important is the thermal state ofthe engine. The big increase in toxic gases emissions is especially in low range temperatures of engine parts and fluids.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 2; 203-208
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Evaluation of the reference fuel consumption and CO2 emission of vehicle with using of the map of operating conditions for selected agglomeration
Autorzy:: Kropiwnicki, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244045.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
simulation
vehicle operating conditions
fuel consumption
CO2 emission
Opis:: Vehicle operating fuel consumption estimation has a measurable significance for both individual users as well as transport and Communications companies. Complex analysis of the results may cause reduction of power (fuel) consumption, CO2 and toxic compounds emissions in exhaust gases. Operating fuel consumption estimation carried out by drivers' encounters basic difficulties connected with the lach of reliable reference standard for comparison of measured fuel consumption during car usage. Therefore it is necessary to identify vehicle operating conditions and ascribe them reference fuel consumption according to the accepted reference standard. A method of description ofreal vehicle operating conditions has been presented in this paper. Presented examples show that vehicle operating conditions may be unambiguously described with the use of proposed indicators. They can be also used to forecast the fuel consumption with high accuracy. Exclusive use of certification tests as model of operating conditions for this purpose does not allow keeping high conformity of assumptions with usage practice. Creation ofan individual map of operating conditions for a chosen agglomeration would enable to optimize choice of vehicle or fleet for an intended place of operation. Utilization of such operating conditions map may be: to determine reference fuel consumption for assumed operation area or optimal route of drive from the point of view of minimizing fuel consumption, energy or CO2 emission to the atmosphere. Selected examples of Utilization of such operating conditions map have been presented.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 239-246
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Well-to-wheel CO2 emission of electric vehicle in Polandlectric vehicle in Poland
Autorzy:: Staniak, P.
Moćko, W.
Wojciechowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241783.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: CO2 emission
electric vehicle
well-to-wheel emission
air pollution
renewable energy sources
Opis:: The total CO2 emission of electric vehicle depends on a renewable energy share in an energy market of given country. At the moment, this share is significant only in a few European countries (Denmark, Germany, Scandinavian countries) having large number of water, solar and wind power plants. Additionally, France may be considered as a country possessing low-emission electric energy, because around 90% of this energy is generated by a nuclear power plants. In order to compare the greenhouse gas emission from an electric vehicle with combustion powered cars well-to-wheel (WtW) methodology may be applied. The well-to-wheel emission estimates the total CO2 which is required to generate a given power measured on vehicle wheels including generating, transferring and processing losses. The magnitude of WtW varies from 0g/km in the case of a vehicle charged directly by a solar or wind powered charging point to 200 g/km in the case of charging form public grid powered by old coal power plants. For the Polish energy market the share of renewable energy sources is negligible (below 10%), moreover majority of a power plants uses coal to generate electricity. However, according to the EU strategy this share should be doubled until 2020. Additionally, it is considered building of a nuclear power plant, which results in further reduction of CO2 from energetic industry. In this article WtW CO2 emission of electric driven vehicle charged from the public grid was analyzed for Polish conditions at present and various growth scenario as well. Moreover, an actual energy market structure as well as growth perspectives were reviewed.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 139-148
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Application of green energy for EV battery charging station
Autorzy:: Staniak, P.
Moćko, W.
Wojciechowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247982.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: CO2 emission
photovoltaic
electric vehicle
charging station
renewable energy sources
batteries
Opis:: The Well-to-Wheel (WtW) CO2 emission of the electric vehicle (EV) strictly depends on amount of a carbon dioxide (including transmission and conversion losses) required to produce an electric energy used to charge EV batteries. Value of the WtW emission may be lowered by increasing a share of low-pollutant power plants i.e. using renewable energy or nuclear power, however it needs a large financial investments and it is very long process, taking over a dozen years. Even in the case of countries having a large share of low-emission power plants (Germany), a smart grids must be applied in order to optimize a value of WtW CO2 emission. Usually batteries are charged during night, where energy demands are relatively low and at the same time wind turbines supplies majority of electric energy to the grid. Presented idea of the battery charging station described in this article has a local character. It uses photovoltaic panels as a source of "green" electric energy. As a consequence the value of WtW emission for an EV batteries charged in this station equals to 0 g/km. The charging station uses EV battery swap thus the time of staying in the station is shorter in comparison with normal or even fast charging. The battery swapping technology uses replacing of the discharged units mounted in EV by fully charged ones. The batteries are placed in special try, which enables a quick mechanical and electrical connecting and disconnecting. Moreover, batteries stored in the station may be used as an energy storage devices and makes charging process optimization easier; moreover, they can be used as an element of a smart grid system. The article describes model of charging station using both photovoltaic and quick EV battery swap.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 1; 371-376
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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