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Tytuł:
ABS system use impact on braking torque in aviation brake
Autorzy:
Skorupka, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245882.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
motor vehicle
brake
brake design
brake tests
ABS tests
Anti-Lock system
Opis:
ABS (Anti-Locking) systems improve performance and safety of the braking systems. Use of ABS is now factory standard in both commercial and military aviation. ABS system in its origin was designed in order to prevent wheels from slipping and locking on the low friction surfaces such as ice. By preventing wheel, locking ABS system helps in not losing control over the vehicle during difficult braking conditions. In Aviation ABS, systems were introduced quite early as mechanical systems but their common usage is connected with computer and electronic systems development in 1970’s. In aircraft, ABS systems are responsible for safety of braking by preventing phenomena described above and for preventing landing with engaged brakes what is common in military and in big commercial aviation. In modern aviation ABS systems use is both safety and economical feature resulting in visible profits during airplane lifetime. Other question is efficiency of the process i.e. braking torque value. Braking torque is the most important parameter of brake from exploitation point of view. It is directly connected with braking distance as well with amount of force needed to achieve assumed braking parameters for the mechanical vehicle. Stability of braking torque is important in order to get optimized characteristics of the braking process itself. Most of the brake characteristics and efficiency calculations were based on assumption that braking torque should be stable during braking process. In this paper author would like to investigate ABS use impact on braking torque, which by definition is not stable in anti-lock equipped systems. Author will base on literature sources as well as on results of laboratory tests made during development of ABS system for 2700 kg take off mass airplane made in Landing Gear Laboratory of Warsaw Institute of Aviation in which author works on daily basis.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 1; 259-265
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Braking moment comparison and analysis for various brake designs using results from sample and full scale friction material tests
Autorzy:
Skorupka, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242444.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
motor vehicle
brake
brake design
brake tests
full scale tests
model tests
friction material
Opis:
Brake is one of the most important safety feature in every mechanical vehicle from bikes to airplanes. Brakes have to be designed in order to meet safety, reliability, efficiency and economical requirements. One has to remember that not only design of brake is important but also friction material used in its construction. Without proper materials, brakes are not able to generate proper braking moment. Braking moment is the most important parameter of brake from operation point of view. It is directly connected to braking distance as well with amount of force needed to achieve assumed braking parameters for the mechanical vehicle. Stability of braking moment is important in order to get optimized characteristics of the braking process itself. Most of the brake characteristics and efficiency calculations base on assumption that braking moment should be stable during braking process. During years of tests made on full scale brakes and friction material sample tests, author observed that real braking moment curve is not stable during braking process. This phenomenon is likely to affect braking efficiency and in result slightly change braking distance. In this paper author would like to address this issue by showing brake moment curves made for different brakes and friction materials. Tests, which were author’s base for paper contents, were made using full scale brake testing and friction material sample testing. All of the tests described in the paper were performed in Landing Gear Laboratory of Warsaw Institute of Aviation in which author works on daily basis
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 303-308
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of selected service operations on the effectiveness of brake system operation
Autorzy:
Witaszek, K.
Stanik, Z.
Filipczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246329.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
technical testing of vehicles
braking efficiency
brake disc
brake pad
Opis:
This paper attempts to clarify what impact has selected technical maintenance tasks on the effectiveness of the braking system with special emphasis on the initial break-in period of associated components. Were conducted studies involving measurements of braking forces on a rolling station and road tests Renault Thalia of car braking during which was recorded deceleration, speed, temperature of brake discs and the force of the pressure on the brake pedal. Braking process on the rolling station was assessed with a braking efficiency ratio as a criterion. However, results collected during road tests allowed studying for more accurate of running-in process of car barking system elements. This was due to taking into account the total vehicle braking force compared with the force applied to the brake pedal. The study was performed for the discs and brake pads exhibiting a different degree of wear, with particular emphasis on the running-in elements occurring immediately after replacing brake pads. In this case, there is a noticeable loss of performance brake system, which persists after initial running in mating faces of the pad and the brake disc. This phenomenon is known from workshop car service practice, but there is a need for sensitization of staff at the Pre-reaching elements of the service operations, because operation of a vehicle with a temporarily reduced efficiency of the braking system on a public road has the potential to cause threats to the safety of road users.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 4; 555-560
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Results from laboratory tests of new electric brake prototype
Autorzy:
Grygorcewicz, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
laboratory test
electric brake
braking process
Opis:
The main idea of this article was to compare the results of new design electric brake to the older version of hydraulic brake in laboratory tests. The energy of braking should be very similar due to the same mass of the airplane. That is why the laboratory tests of both brakes were took place in the same stand. Of course, the parameters were similar but not at all. The main idea was to create the solution, which could be used in vehicle like airplane. The electric brakes could replace traditional hydraulic brake solution. The results could be interesting for every researcher who is interested in brakes. Other important idea of this article was to describe the tests of new electric brake prototype. The purpose of the tests was to check designing of electric brakes. The electric brake prototype should ensure sufficient efficiency, safety, reliability and durability during braking, which is required in certification processes and is particularly important when researching innovative solutions. It was really important to verify the design and check the parameters. Of course, there is really important to remember that in every new type of the prototype solutions there are many pros and cons, which are typical only for considered design. Nowadays every electric brake design is different because there is a lot of new concept.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 3; 47-52
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tests and selection methodology for brake linings friction material
Autorzy:
Grygorcewicz, P.
Tywoniuk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
brakes
brake linings
friction material
laboratory tests
Opis:
This article presents selected issues related to the selection methodology of the brake linings during the research process. It is a very important issue due to effect on the vehicle safety. Safety concerns are applicable to both road/track vehicles and aircraft. Scientific institutions and research centers make continuous efforts in order to improve brake lining materials and full-scale brakes. Analytical prediction of the friction material properties and behavior is not accurate enough due to complexity of the physical phenomena. Analysis of the friction materials is difficult due to scarce of data given by the manufacturers. Every friction material needs to be tested in order to prove its properties. First stage of the selection is the tests made in laboratory using both model and full-scale techniques. Because of the laboratory tests, following parameters are obtained: weight and geometrical brake wear, braking torque, friction coefficient and brake temperature. All of these factors must be taken into account for linings selection and design a prototype of the brake. Selection of the friction material can be performed in consideration of various requirements of the brake system users and law defined factors. Authors of the paper base on the extensive experience of the Institute of Aviation, Landing Gear Laboratory tests of brake linings.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 1; 91-97
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Change of the friction coefficient as a function of the composite brake disc temperature in the test rig trials
Autorzy:
Wojciechowski, A.
Michalski, R.
Gołowicz, A.
Eminger, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
motor vehicles
brake system
brake drums and disc
composite materials
friction coefficient
Opis:
The paper presents results of testing a friction pair on the KRAUSS test rig. The trials have been conducted on the composite MMC brake discs together with the commonly used OMC friction materials. Discs were made of the aluminium based composites reinforced with a silicon carbide (SiC) andfly ashes from the power station. The friction characteristics obtained presented in a form of friction coefficient graphs as a function of temperature, enable to indicate limitations in the application of these devices in comparison with the cast iron discs. The tests have been conducted on the KRAUSS test rig in the real scale using non-ventilated brake disc and „Bendix" callipers for the passenger M1 category car. Brake discs are characterised by: high value of the friction coefficient, low wear of the friction area following tests, high thermal resistance. Brake discs tested, made of MMC: -ALFA (AK9 + 20 % vol. fly ash are characterised by: low friction coefficient mi is lower than 0.3 and high wear of the brake disc surface following tests. Characteristics show large discrepancies of the friction coefficient value between each braking cycle. Composite Al alloys based brake discs reinforced with SiC (20 and 30 % vol.) may find application in the light sports cars and quads 3 and 4 wheeled.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 1; 489-497
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Issues during assembly new type of electric brake prototype and initial tests of individual components
Autorzy:
Grygorcewicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
assembly
electric brake
prototype
mounting
new designing
Opis:
In this article, the author focused on the two main issues. Firstly, the assembly phase of the new type of electric brake prototype was described and secondly author introduced the initial tests of individual components. The assembly phase of the new prototype of the electric brake was very significant. In this stage, the parts were fitted and mounted. The new functionality of new type prototype was checked and the designing was verified. If there were some mounting problems this was proper time to correct the dimensions and exchange parts. Sometimes the materials or even or heat treatment of some part were exchanged. In that kind of prototype, it was really important to check electric parts like motors during the load. The most important issue was to find the best solution. The motors weight should have been as small as possible and the nominal torque should have been enough for normal working of prototype. In the initial tests of individual components, the real parameters were tested and possibility of using the parts was checked too. During designing phase, the parameters were defined and the tests results gave the answers for the possibility of real working on the object. The most important parameters there were the motors parameters and the possibility of mechanism force transmission.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 213-218
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The comparable analysis of temperature distributions assessment in disc brake obtained using analytical method and FE model
Autorzy:
Kuciej, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
frictional heating
FEM
heat conductivity
disc brake
Opis:
In this paper the one-dimensional analytical formulation as well as the two-dimensional FE model to study the temperature distributions in the pad/disc brake system during an emergency braking process was proposed. Both the time-dependent pressure variation and the convective cooling conditions on the free surfaces of a pad have been incorporated in the contact analytical model. The one-dimensional thermal problem of friction of the strip-foundation system during braking was formulated. An exact solution of the problem using the mathematical device of the integral Laplace transform related to Duhamel theorem was obtained. In the FE formulation to discretize the heat conduction equation for the two-dimensional problem, the Galerkin method was employed. The temperature distributions were calculated exclusively for the disc employing the heat partition ratio. Furthermore, due to the symmetry of the problem the computations were restricted to the half of the entire disc. The finite element analysis of the transient heat transfer problem for the pad/disc system was carried out using the MSC Patran/Nastran program package. On order to confront and compare the resulting temperatures distributions, equal operation parameters, the thermophysical properties of materials as well as the dimensions of the brake components were used within the numerical and analytical calculation. The obtained results from the finite element analysis reveal that both the contact temperature evolution and its values in depth of the brake rotor agree well with the analytical solution and experimental data.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 235-259
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lubricity-based estimation of the changes in the brake fluid quality
Ocena zmian jakości płynu hamulcowego według smarności
Autorzy:
Bzura, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243201.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
pojazd
model hamulca
płyn hamulcowy
smarność
warstwa graniczna
vehicle
brake fluid
break model
lubricity
boundary layer
Opis:
As wear of most of the vehicle assemblies threatens only with a breakdown, excessive wear of the breaking system components threatens with a disaster. The brake fluid is one of the most important elements of a breaking system, fulfilling many tasks. Additional work in the ABS, ASR or ESP systems requires it to keep proper lubricity in a wide range of temperatures. The paper presents a possibility, based on the laboratory test results, of determining the value of lubricity combining the physical and chemical as well as rhelogical properties of fluids. Lubricity, determined for three brake fluids (designations reserved by the comparative test ordering company), allowed to select the best fluid, which will probably be used in the car braking systems. In particularly, the Stribeck diagram, of the wear process, example of the fluid lubricity change process, process of the mass wear changes of the T-02 tester balls in the tested brake fluids, process of the lubricity changes in the tested brake fluids are presented in the paper.
O ile zużycie większości zespołów pojazdu grozi jedynie awarią o tyle nadmierne zużycie części układu hamulcowego grozi katastrofą. Płyn hamulcowy jest jednym z najistotniejszych elementów układu hamulcowego spełniającym wiele zadań. Dodatkowa praca w układach ABS, ASR czy ESP wymaga by w szerokim zakresie temperatur zachował właściwą smarność. W artykule została przedstawiona na podstawie wyników badań laboratoryjnych możliwość określenia wartości smarności łączącej własności fizykochemiczne i reologiczne płynów. Smarność, która została określona dla trzech płynów hamulcowych (oznaczenia zastrzeżone przez firmę zlecającą porównanie ich własności), umożliwiła wybór najlepszego, który pewnie zostanie zastosowany w układach hamulcowych samochodów. W szczególności wykres Stribecka, przykład procesu zużycia, przykład zmian procesu smarności płynów, przebieg procesu zmian zużycia masowego kulek aparatu T-02 badanych płynów hamulcowych, przebieg procesu zmian smarności badanych płynów hamulcowych so przedstawione w artykule.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 2; 75-80
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Validation process for ESP based electric steering system
Autorzy:
Gubovits, A.
Bari, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
vehicle
steer
brake
ESP
model
Opis:
Stability problems of vehicles, especially commercial vehicles, get more and more attention with the increasing traffic load of the roads. The development of infrastructure can not follow the demands for the increasing traffic and it result in increasing number of accidents. The society can not accept this situation and it raises higher and higher demand on the active safety of the vehicles. This demand resulted that the brake system based drive stability systems are available today and in some cases are obligatory. If the driver demanded vehicle motion (which is calculated on the basis of a reference vehicle model) differs from the measured vehicle motion, the system applies a moment using the brakes to force the vehicle to move on the desired path. However the brake is activated without the direct command from the driver, the system can not be considered as an autonomous driver assistant system, because it just supports the driver to reach his demand. The driver is apart of the control hop completely. The target of the paper is to extend the drive stability system with active steering intervention. The new generation steering systems with the help of a superimposing gear can manipulate the steering angle, and so they can manipulate the acting forces of the tire contact point. So the new generation of the ESP requires the appropriate steering system. As apart of the current development the adequacy of the model is checked by a validation process with a continuous feedback.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 2; 159-166
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Armoured vehicles brakes tests
Autorzy:
Skorupka, Z.
Kajka, R.
Kowalski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
simulation
armoured vehicles
brakes
brake pads
Opis:
Armoured vehicles are nowadays important part of modern army's equipment. Reliability of armoured vehicles is a key feature in safety of transported staff and goods. Due to high mass of these vehicles there is a real problem with optimal brake systems which should be efficient enough in order to maintain as short as possible braking distance and have acceptable manufacturing and maintenance costs. Except for military use, there is a large market for armoured vehicles civilian use by rich or influential persons, security companies and banks. Civilian use of the armoured vehicles generates problems of moving on public roads with all restrictions for brake systems which are required by law. Brakes verification is a difficult and time consuming process due to many circumstances which must be taken into account during tests. Brake tests should be done on many levels including laboratory tests made on samples, laboratory tests made on fully assembled brakes and finally tests made with use of fully prepared vehicle both in laboratory and in real life conditions. Following work will show selected issues of such test path, which was made by Institute of Aviation Landing Gear Department.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 449-455
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of ABS system use on aviation brake temperature
Autorzy:
Paprzycki, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243986.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
anti-lock braking system
ABS
landing gear
brakes
test
temperature measurements
Opis:
The main functions of an aviation brake system are to slow the speed of the vehicle, to perform stable deceleration, and to hold the vehicle stationary after it stopped. They must perform safely under a variety of operating conditions such as slippery, wet and dry runways, full or light load of the vehicle, new or worn brake linings, novice or experienced pilot, etc. The experimental tests show that about 95% of friction energy is converted into thermal energy by plastic deformation of brake linings surface layers and other deformations. The friction materials temperature growth is caused by this energy transformation. The influence of braking temperature is very important to the tribology characteristics, durability and reliability of friction brakes. Landing Gear Department Laboratory performed many experimental tests on full-scale brakes and also on friction material samples. It was performed on the special laboratory test rigs. During the Anti Lock Braking system test, the Landing Gear Department Laboratory workers performed the brake linings temperature measurements. Author observed a positive influence of ABS system use on temperature curve. The aim of this article is to compare the test results of braking with ABS system applied to braking without ABS.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 381-388
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of electric - drive applicability in mechanical brake for the commuter class airplane
Autorzy:
Grygorcewicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
airplanes
brakes
landing gear
construction process
Opis:
This article presents selected issues related to the design methodology of the electric brakes during the construction process as well as other factors which are important in the design process. It is a very important issue due to affect on the airplane and automotive brake design. Nowadays when new solution of brakes is being designed there is a need to take into account various factors influencing the design such as: weight, compatibility and flexibility of use in various aircraft, reliability and durability, ease of installation and maintenance, low-cost operation and low cost components, braking efficiency, short braking distance. All of these factors are taken into account when designing a prototype of the electric brake as well as economical factor of the design. It is also necessary to verify the design during its creation using experimental and laboratory test data from other similar designs. The aim of the paper is to discuss design process from the very beginning (i.e. by comparing features of the electric brakes with other types of brakes in order to show advantages and disadvantages of chosen solution) to the creation of a working demonstrator in future. Author of the paper in his electric brake design bases on the experience of the Warsaw’s Institute of Aviation Landing Gear Department.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 143-148
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal analysis and thermovision laboratory tests of electric brakes
Autorzy:
Domański, R.
Grygorcewicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
laboratory testing
electric brake
temperature test
braking process
thermovision
Opis:
The purpose of this article was to show two thing thermal issues theory and thermovision tests in the laboratory. The main idea of this article was to describe the thermal issues theory of interesting problem base on the thermovision tests of new type electric brake prototype. After the creation of new product the designer needed to know how behave the prototype of the brake during tests with higher energy which could increase the temperatures on the object in our case of the electric brake prototype. The first step in that kind of issues was thermal analysis, which is very useful to define and subscribe the thermal issues. The second step it was measurement of the temperature, which was really significant during the electric brake tests. It was really important to check the temperature of engines. If there was some influence to the brake during braking. One of the method was using special thermal camera. The camera was checking the temperature during whole test after beginning the test to the end of the trial. The full spectrum of the temperature allowed the author to verify if there was some influence of temperature to the new electric brake prototype. The thermocouple was other type of sensors, which was normally used in our laboratory methodology to check temperature during the test. The pyrometer was other type of the method, which was used to measure the temperature after the test. The results of this measurement were subscribed in this article.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 125-131
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wear in friction brakes Wear in friction brakes
Autorzy:
Skorupka, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243767.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
wear
wear testing
brakes
friction pair
friction material tests
full-scale brake tests
Opis:
Parameters of friction systems decline in time by the process of wear. In friction brakes, the wear phenomenon is much more visible than in other friction systems. Wear itself is on one hand not desirable because of need for brake system parts replacement but sometimes is needed due to regeneration of the friction area which is damaged for example by temperature or aggressive ambient conditions. Wear can be fatal or catastrophic for the friction brake, leading to heavy damage or even to permanent loss of braking capability during operation. As the brake is one of the crucial safety systems in both aviation and road vehicles, it is necessary to know if and how wear will be present in friction brake system before the brake is allowed to be installed in the vehicle, especially one that carries people. Wear can be estimated via numerical methods for well-known brakes (i.e. materials) or it has to be tested using laboratory methods in order to check and prove or deny initial design assumptions. In this paper, the author describes the phenomenon of friction brake wear and laboratory-testing methods of friction materials wear using brake model test stand for aviation brake friction materials certification testing located in Institute of Aviation Landing Gear Laboratory. Author also presents sample data from aviation brakes materials testing in order to show how wear can affect friction brake performance and durability.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 2; 325-332
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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