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Tytuł:
Public and private health care services in the opinion of physicians in Poland
Autorzy:
Zgliczyński, Wojciech S.
Jankowski, Mateusz
Rostkowska, Olga
Sytnik-Czetwertyński, Janusz
Śliż, Daniel
Karczemna, Aleksandra
Pinkas, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116655.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-13
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
physicians
health care
health care facilities
Health care workers
health system organization
private and public
Opis:
ObjectivesHealth care services in Poland are delivered by public and private providers. The aims of this study were to assess the attitudes towards private and public health care services in Poland and to identify differences between them, in the opinion of physicians.Material and MethodsA questionnaire-based survey was carried out among physicians attending mandatory courses delivered at the School of Public Health, the Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education in Warsaw, Poland. The questionnaire included 29 questions concerning private and public health care services.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were obtained from 502 physicians (67.7% females), aged 42.1±10.8 years, with a response rate of 77.2%. In the opinion of the surveyed doctors, the major advantages of private health care units, in comparison with public ones, are short waiting times for an appointment (88.2%), an efficient on-site service (78.6%) and convenient appointment times (75.7%). The respondents gave high scores to items such as relations with patients (p < 0.001), superiors (p < 0.001) and colleagues (p = 0.03) when working in private, rather than public, institutions. In the opinion of physicians, public health care institutions guarantee better employment conditions (44.4% vs. 13%; p < 0.001) and security (29.1% vs. 11.1%; p < 0.001) than private ones. The respondents did not observe any differences (p > 0.05) between public and private facilities in terms of the involvement of medical staff and infrastructure. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in the perception of working conditions in public and private health care institutions depending on the medical education level and the place of primary employment. Conclusions: Among physicians in Poland, private medical institutions are perceived as better organized and granting faster as well as more comprehensive access to health care services when compared to public ones. Closing the gaps between working conditions in public and private units could encourage physicians to practice in the public health care sector.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2020, 33, 2; 195-214
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Healthcare workers’ occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens: A 5-year observation in selected hospitals of the Małopolska province
Autorzy:
Różańska, Anna
Szczypta, Anna
Baran, Magda
Synowiec, Edyta
Bulanda, Małgorzata
Wałaszek, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2178886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-10-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
Health care workers
occupational exposure
bloodborne pathogens
Opis:
Objectives: The study presents data concerning occupational exposures among the staff of 5 hospitals in the Małopolska province in 2008–2012, taking into account the frequency and circumstances of exposure formation, occupational groups of hospital workers, as well as diversification of the reported rates in subsequent years between the hospitals and in each of them. An additional objective of the analysis was to assess the practical usefulness of the reported data for planning and evaluation of the effectiveness of procedures serving to minimize the risk of healthcare workers’ exposure to pathogens transmitted through blood. Material and Methods: Data were derived from occupational exposure registries kept by 5 hospitals of varying sizes and operational profiles from the Małopolska province from the years 2008–2012. Results: Seven hundred and seventy-five cases of exposure were found in a group of 3165 potentially exposed workers in the analyzed period. Most cases were observed in nurses (68%) and these were mainly various types of needlestick injuries (78%). Exposure rates with respect to all workers ranged from 2.6% to 8.3% in individual hospitals, but the differences in their values registered in the hospitals in subsequent years did not bear any statistical significance, in a way similar to the rates calculated separately for each occupational group. Conclusions: There was no upward or downward trend in the number of reported cases of exposure to bloodborne pathogens in the studied period in any of the hospitals. Statistically significant differences in the percentages of exposures were reported between individual hospitals in some years of the analyzed period, which confirms the need for registries in individual units in order to plan and evaluate the effectiveness of preventative measures.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2014, 27, 5; 747-756
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Developing a work well-being questionnaire for social- and health-care managers
Autorzy:
Herttuala, Niina
Konu, Anne
Kokkinen, Lauri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2152983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
survey
social care
manager
questionnaire
health care
work well-being
Opis:
Objectives There is a need for up-to-date research on health-care and social managers’ work well-being. The purpose was to develop a questionnaire for measuring health-care and social managers’ subjective work well-being and to determine whether their background factors are connected to their work well-being. Material and Methods The authors developed a questionnaire based on their previous health-care and social managers’ work well-being framework. It covers 5 separate categories: 1) individual factors, 2) social factors, 3) professional support from one’s own manager, 4) organizational factors, and 5) work-related factors. Using statistical methods, the authors examined the questionnaire’s internal validity, its fit with the framework, and the connections between several background factors and work well-being. The survey data (N = 281) were collected from South Osthrobothnia and Central Osthrobothnia in Finland. Results The questionnaire’s internal validity was good, and it fit rather well with the authors’ previous framework. Managers’ work well-being was highest for the category of “professional support from one’s own manager” and lowest for “organizational factors.” The authors found connections between different categories of work well-being and a) years of managerial experience, b) level of management, and c) occupational group. Conclusions The questionnaire gives a holistic view of managers’ work well-being and is suit- able for measuring work well-being in the social- and health-care context. An examination showed that there is a need to improve the individual situations of the social- and health-care managers. The questionnaire can be used to assess managers’ work well-being and to build a knowledge base for developing organizational policies.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 6; 665-678
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Work ability of employees in changing social services and health care organizations in Finland
Autorzy:
Kokkinen, Lauri
Konu, Anne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2180099.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-06-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
organizational change
work ability
social services
health care
Opis:
Objectives: In this study, we examined the connection between organizational changes and employees own evaluations of their work ability. Materials and Methods: In early 2010, we asked employees (n = 2429) working in the Finnish social services and health care industry to identify all the organizational changes that had occurred at their workplaces over the previous two years, and to evaluate their own work ability and whether different statements related to the elements of work ability were true or false at the time of the survey. For our method of analysis, we used logistical regression analysis. Results: In models adjusted for gender, age, marital status, professional education and managerial position, the respondents who had encountered organizational changes were at a higher risk of feeling that their work ability had decreased (OR = 1.49) than the respondents whose workplaces had not been affected by changes. Those respondents who had encountered organizational changes were also at a higher risk of feeling that several elements related to work ability had deteriorated. The risk of having decreased self-evaluated work ability was in turn higher among the respondents who stated they could not understand the changes than among those respondents who understood the changes (OR = 1.99). This was also the case among respondents who felt that their opportunities to be involved in the changes had been poor in comparison to those who felt that they had had good opportunities to be involved in the process (OR = 2.16). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the organizational changes in social and health care may entail, especially when poorly executed, costs to which little attention has been paid until now. When implementing organizational changes, it is vital to ensure that the employees understand why the changes are being made, and that they are given the opportunity to take part in the implementation of these changes.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2012, 25, 2; 151-165
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Completing a worksite health risk assessment correlates with continuing employment, lower health care costs and utilization
Autorzy:
Merrill, Ray M.
Aldana, Steven G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085727.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
employment
behavior
health care costs
health risk assessment
worksite wellness
health perception
Opis:
ObjectivesCompanies that understand the collective health risks of their employees, as well as worker productivity as it relates to health risks can provide more effective and necessary interventions. Health Risk Assessments (HRAs) are an important source of information for understanding overall health risks of a company’s employees. However, HRA data tend to represent only a subset of employees, thereby providing employers an incomplete picture of employee health risks. The current study identifies the representativeness of those completing a worksite HRA by selected demographics, health care costs, and health risks in a large US company.Material and MethodsA retrospective analysis of employees in a large US company during 2017–2019, with statistically significant results reported, adjusted for sex, age, and year.ResultsThe percentage of employees completing the HRA increased from 23.9% in 2017 to 28.4% in 2018 to 32.3% in 2019. These employees were more likely women, middle aged, have lower health care costs, remain employed from year to year, and have better health behaviors and biometric scores. If all employees looked like employees completing the HRA, total medical costs would be 17% lower. If all employees looked like employees completing the HRA who had a health perception rating (1–10 [excellent]) of 7–8 (57.4%) or 9–10 (25.2%) vs. 1–6, total medical costs would be 21.9% and 25.6% lower, respectively.ConclusionsA minority of employees completed the worksite HRA. Basing overall employee health risks on the HRA underestimates health risks and can result in a poorly representative health intervention program.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 4; 449-457
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Realia profilaktycznej opieki zdrowotnej nad pracownikami w Polsce
Realities of the prophylactic health care of workers in Poland
Autorzy:
Kopias, Jerzy A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-15
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
opieka zdrowotna nad pracownikami
profilaktyczne badania lekarskie pracowników
służba medycyny pracy
system ochrony zdrowia
organizacja ochrony zdrowia
polityka zdrowotna
occupational health care
prophylactic medical check-ups of employees
occupational medicine service
health care system
health care organization
health policy
Opis:
Wstęp Funkcjonujący w Polsce od 17 lat system profilaktycznej opieki zdrowotnej nad pracownikami jest ostatnio, jak nigdy wcześniej, kontestowany. Dotyczy to zarówno rozwiązań zawartych w warstwie legislacyjnej systemu, jak i sfery wykonawczej, w której podstawową rolę odgrywają pracodawcy i służba medycyny pracy (SMP). Istnieją przesłanki pozwalające postawić hipotezę, że normy zawarte w ustawach i rozporządzeniach dotyczących profilaktycznej opieki zdrowotnej nad pracownikami nie są respektowane przez znaczną część głównych graczy. Materiał i metody Analizie poddano dane o zakresie przestrzegania norm przez podmioty odpowiedzialne za realizację zadań z zakresu profilaktycznej opieki zdrowotnej nad pracownikami. Dane pochodzą zarówno z dostępnych źródeł zewnętrznych, jak i materiałów uzyskanych w trakcie realizacji zadań zleconych przez Ministerstwo Zdrowia. Wyniki Normy prawne konstytuujące polski system profilaktycznej opieki zdrowotnej nad pracownikami nie są respektowane przez pracodawców ani przedstawicieli służby medycyny pracy. Co najmniej połowa pracodawców (45–47%) dopuszcza się wielu naruszeń przepisów dotyczących wstępnych i okresowych badań lekarskich pracowników. Tak znaczny stopień naruszeń norm nie byłby możliwy bez sprzyjających temu postaw części lekarzy SMP. Zarówno jednostki organizacyjne SMP, jak i pracodawcy z różnych powodów dopuszczają się wielu uchybień wobec norm określających sposób ich funkcjonowania. Wnioski Dokonane analizy wskazują, że obowiązujący system opieki zdrowotnej nad pracownikami, jako w dużej mierze nieakceptowany, powinien być zastąpiony nowym, opartym na innych założeniach i zasadach lepiej dostosowanych do współczesnych wyzwań. U podstaw przepisów prawnych konstytuujących nowy system powinny lec normy nie tylko merytorycznie zasadne, ale także społecznie akceptowane. Med. Pr. 2015;66(6):815–825
Background The Polish occupational health system (OHS), existing over the past 17 years, has recently been contested as never before. Critical voices pertain to both legislative and executive aspects of the system, in which key roles are played by employers and occupational medicine service. There are some reasons for making a hypothesis that relevant norms are not always respected by the main actors. Material and Methods The data on the observance of norms by entities responsible for providing workers with prophylactic health care were analyzed. They were obtained from the existing external resources and materials collected during the implementation of tasks assigned by the Ministry of Health. Results Legal norms, which constitute OHS in Poland are generally neither respected by the employers, nor by the representatives of occupational medicine service. Nearly half (45–47%) of employers infringe provisions relating to medical examinations of workers. Such a degree of non-observance of respective laws would have not been the case if it was not for the attitudes and “silent approval” of many (but not all) occupational physicians. Laws defining the responsibilities of occupational medicine service units on one hand, and of employers on the other, are for many reasons infringed by both groups. Conclusions The data analyses indicate that the Polish OHS is, to a large extent, not acceptable and should be replaced with another one founded on other assumptions and responsive to contemporary occupational health challenges. New provisions should be formulated on the basis of merit and guided by socially accepted norms. Med Pr 2015;66(6):815–825
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2015, 66, 6; 815-825
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Developing a model of information transfer practice between institutions targeted at primary health care patients who are asymptomatic carriers of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriacae
Autorzy:
Timler, Małgorzata
Timler, Wojciech
Kozłowski, Remigiusz
Zdęba-Mozoła, Agnieszka
Marczak, Michał
Timler, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22394055.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-14
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
ambulatory care
bacterial infections
drug resistance-bacterial
health communication
delivery of health care
bacteria anaerobic
Opis:
Background Drug-resistant bacteria are one of the main reasons of deaths worldwide. A significant group of these bacteria are carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). The goal of this study was to develop a diagnostic and therapeutic model targeted at asymptomatic carriers of CPE. Material and Methods A team of experts from different branches connected to health care, discussing the topic based on the data collected from previous research. Working sessions were dispersed between June and December 2022. The consensus has been reached via repeated discussion and literature search. Results The facility where CPE are detected is required to create an alert pathogen note and to notify sanitary-epidemiological station and National Reference Centre for Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microorganisms – neither these institutions, nor the patient are required to notify the primary care physician. In primary care clinics, it is possible to work towards breaking the transmission of CPE by educating patients with CPE and persons who were in contact with them, and to undertake actions in order to look for patients with risk factors for CPE colonisation. In order to improve communication between individual levels of the health care system, standardised information could be introduced to the discharge note about a case of CPE, which will be electronically transmitted to the primary care facility. It might contribute to effective combating of the spread of CPE, by serving as a source of knowledge and education for patients and by checking the patient’s risk factors, which will improve the performance of tests for CPE colonisation. Conclusions The established model of good practice requires a change of legal regulations and its implementation, which will reduce the spread of CPE in health care facilities and will enable its future improvement.
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy. Workers’ Health and Safety; 2023, 74, 4; 263-270
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy. Workers’ Health and Safety
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physical activity of future health care professionals: adherence to current recommendations
Autorzy:
Lipert, Anna
Matusiak-Wieczorek, Ewelina
Kochan, Ewa
Szymczyk, Piotr
Wrzesińska, Magdalena
Jegier, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-24
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
physical activity level
students
self-report
health promotion
health care professionals
guidelines
Opis:
BackgroundWhen assessing physical activity (PA), particular attention should be paid to medical university students who are taught to be health care professionals (HCPs) responsible for maintaining health in humans. However, different studies have shown that HCPs exhibit the same unhealthy behaviors as the general population. This study analyzed PA among medical university students of different faculties and their adherence to current PA recommendations.Material and MethodsData from 216 medical university students of physiotherapy, dietetics and pharmacy, including males (N = 44) and females (N = 172), the mean age of 22.3±1.8 years, were collected. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire in its long form (IPAQ-LF) was used to assess and classify PA behaviors. The results were analyzed in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations regarding PA.ResultsOver 60% of all the students were classified as active during all-day activity. However, while analyzing PA in different domains, the same shares of all the students were still insufficiently active during leisure time, and so they did not meet the recommendation of >75 min/week of vigorous PA, >150 min/week of moderate PA or an equivalent combination. All the students self-reported PA mainly in the work and transport domains. Generally, physiotherapy students were the most active and performed PA with higher intensity.ConclusionsThis study revealed a low level of leisure time PA among the students, and no habit of regular PA. Some changes in medical education should be suggested to include physical education as a long-term subject in medical school curricula. Future research is needed to investigate the exercise barriers that students perceive, which can guide future interventions aimed at improving their PA, and thereby impact on the quality of health care which they will provide.
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2020, 71, 5; 539-549
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Szczepienia przeciwko grypie u personelu medycznego
Influenza vaccinations of health care personnel
Autorzy:
Nitsch-Osuch, Aneta
Brydak, Lidia B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168412.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-10-29
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
grypa
szczepienia ochronne
personel medyczny
influenza
vaccination
Health care workers
Opis:
Grypa jest jedną z częstszych infekcji dróg oddechowych, zachorowania na nią występują we wszystkich grupach wiekowych pacjentów na całym świecie. Liczba zachorowań na grypę sezonową i zgonów z powodu jej powikłań jest znaczna w skali globalnej. Szczepienia, również przeciwko grypie, są istotnym osiągnięciem medycyny ostatniego stulecia, jednak problemem pozostaje zwalczanie grypy za pomocą szczepień ochronnych wśród personelu medycznego. Szczepienie personelu medycznego jest procedurą o udowodnionym bezpieczeństwie i skuteczności, zapewnia zapobieganie zachorowaniom wśród pacjentów. Mimo licznych rekomendacji eksperckich stan zaszczepienia pracowników medycznych pozostaje niski. W celu zwiększenia liczby zaszczepionych pracowników medycznych konieczne jest prowadzenie kampanii edukacyjnych, które mają na celu polepszenie stanu wiedzy personelu na temat grypy, jej powikłań, szczepień przeciwko grypie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich bezpieczeństwa i skuteczności. Szczepieni pracownicy najczęściej decyzję o wykonaniu szczepienia motywują chęcią ochrony siebie oraz chęcią ochrony przed zakażeniem swoich pacjentów i ich rodzin. Z kolei wśród przyczyn nieszczepienia wymieniane są: brak czasu, błędne przekonania o nieskuteczności szczepienia, brak potrzeby szczepienia z powodu bagatelizowania choroby i jej powikłań, obawa przez niepożądanymi odczynami poszczepiennymi. Konieczne jest wdrożenie strategii mających na celu edukację personelu medycznego w zakresie stosowania szczepień przeciwko grypie w celu zwiększenia wyszczepialności przeciwko grypie w populacji pracowników medycznych. Med. Pr. 2013;64(1):119–129
Influenza is one of the most common respiratory diseases affecting people of all age groups all over the world. Seasonal influenza leads to substantial morbidity and mortality on a global scale. Vaccines are undeniably one of the most important health advances of the past century, however, managing influenza in working populations remains a difficult issue. Vaccination of health care workers (HCW) is an efficient way to reduce the risk of occupational infection and to prevent nosocomial transmission to vulnerable patients. Despite this, achieving high immunization rates among those professionals is a challenge. Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers have significant impact on the frequency with which vaccines are offered and accepted, but many HCWs are poorly equipped to make informed recommendations about vaccine merits and risks. Principal reasons for vaccination are the willing not to be infected and avoiding transmission to patients and the family. The main reasons for refusing is lack of time, a feeling of invulnerability to vaccination, conviction of not being at risk, of being too young or in good health. Misconceptions about influenza vaccine efficacy, like adverse effects, and fear of contracting illness from the vaccine are significantly associated with noncompliance with vaccination. Therefore, strategies to increase awareness of the importance of recommending influenza immunization among health professionals are required. Med Pr 2013;64(1):119–129
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2013, 64, 1; 119-129
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 as an occupational disease in Poland
Autorzy:
Świątkowska, Beata
Rybacki, Marcin
Hanke, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28410960.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-29
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
occupational health
health care professionals
work-related diseases
epidemiological data
COVID-19
pandemic
Opis:
Background The unexpected outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led huge impact on health and safety of employees. Although now the epidemiological situation has improved, but it remains a challenge, especially in light of the emergence of new threats. The aim of the work is to present an epidemiological analysis of data on COVID-19 as an occupational disease in Poland. Material and Methods The analysis covered all cases of occupational diseases sent by state sanitary inspectors to the Central Register of Occupational Diseases. The years 2020–2022 and such available data as: age, gender, activities and territorial differentiation were analyzed. The data were presented as absolute numbers and incidence rates per 100 000 employed persons and for healthcare workers also per 100 000 persons authorized to practice. Results In the period 2020–2022 in Poland 7030 diseases recognized as occupational diseases were recorded, of which almost half were infectious diseases (47%). Among infectious diseases, dominated COVID-19 in number of 2059 cases. In this period 98.6% of all cases of COVID-19 were concentrated in the health care and social activities. According to workplaces, most diseases were caused by working in hospitals – 1825 cases (88.6% of all COVID-19 cases in the healthcare workers). Most cases concerned nurses – 1355 cases (65,8%) and doctors – 212 cases (10,3%). The incidence of COVID-19 in the group of physicians per 10 000 persons entitled to practice ranged from 2.6 in 2020 to 68.3 in 2022, while among nurses and midwives the rates were 7.9 and 194.9, respectively. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic changed the picture of occupational diseases in Poland. Therefore, it is very important to understand the key contributions of people working in environments where workers are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 due to the nature of their work, and to promote the recognition of COVID-19 as an occupational disease.
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy. Workers’ Health and Safety; 2023, 74, 6; 479-486
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy. Workers’ Health and Safety
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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