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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    Carbon-13 isotope effect for decarboxylation of phenylpropiolic acid (PPA) in concentrated phosphoric acids
    Autorzy:
    Zieliński, M.
    Zielińska, A.
    Papiernik-Zielińska, H.
    Ogrinc, N.
    Kobal, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146141.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    carbon-13
    concentrated phosphoric acids
    decarboxylation isotope effects
    decarboxylation mechanism
    phenylpropiolic acid
    Opis:
    13C isotope effects on the decarboxylation of phenylpropiolic acid (PPA) in 93–97% H3PO4 and in 23% diphosphoric acid in orthophosphoric acid have been investigated from 293 to 353 K. The initial 13C fractionations in all three systems are in agreement with the 13C decarboxylation fractionations expected assuming the loss of the one carbon-carbon bond in the transition state. In 100% H3PO4 and in 23% diphosphoric acid in orthophosphoric acid later fractions of carbon dioxide are depleted in carbon-13 to a greater degree than expected, probably due to isotopic preequilibria between stable and decarboxylating forms of PPA. At 353 K and higher temperature strong deviations of the experimental rate constants and of the experimental 13C fractionations from the values extrapolated from lower temperature are observed. A tentative decarboxylation scheme operating in concentrated phosphoric acid media is proposed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2000, 45, 2; 121-124
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Carbon-13 fractionation in the oxidation of propionate of natural isotopic composition with permanganate and manganate
    Autorzy:
    Zieliński, M.
    Fry, A.
    Zielińska, A.
    Ogrinc, N.
    Papiernik-Zielińska, H.
    Kobal, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146720.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    carbon-13
    carbon-14
    fractionation
    manganate
    oxidation
    permanganate
    propionate
    Opis:
    Carbon-13 fractionation in the oxidation of sodium propionate of natural isotopic composition with permanganate in water solution and with manganate in alkaline solution has been investigated and compared with carbon-14 kinetic isotope effects in the oxidation of (3-14C) – and (2-14C) propionate with permanganate. The experimental carbon-13 isotope ratios, R(13C/12C)cumul., corrected for dilution of R(13C/12C)a by carbon dioxide derived from all external sources and by carbon dioxide derived from (C-1) and from (C-3) of propionate at its complete and partial oxidations, used for calculation of 13C alfa KIE, provided the carbon-13 isotope effects corresponding to initial oxidation of alpha carbon, which correlate well with (2-14C) KIE determined previously, (k12/k13 -1)?100 ? 1/2(k12/k14 -1)?100 ? 1/2(4.6š0.3) at 373 K. The possibility of extension of isotope ratio measurements, using modern double collector mass spectrometers, from geochemical, biomedical, agriculture and environmental research to carbon-13 isotope effects studies in chemical organic reactions is briefly discussed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2000, 45, 4; 221-224
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recent measurements of soft X-ray emission from the DPF-1000U facility
    Autorzy:
    Surała, W.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Tomaszewski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    plasma focus
    X-ray emission
    X-ray images
    gas puffing
    filaments
    hot spots
    Opis:
    Soft X-ray imaging is a very useful diagnostic technique in plasma-focus (PF) experiments. This paper reports results of four experimental sessions which were carried out at the DPF-1000U plasma-focus facility in 2013 and 2014. Over 200 discharges were performed at various experimental conditions. Measurements were taken using two X-ray pinhole cameras with a line of sight perpendicular to the z-axis, at different azimuthal angles (about 20° and 200°), and looking towards the centre of the PF-pinch column. They were equipped with diaphragms 1000 μm or 200–300 μm in diameter and coated with filters of 500 μm Al foil and 10 μm Be foil, respectively. Data on the neutron emission were collected with silver activation counters. For time-resolved measurements the use was made of four PIN diodes equipped with various fi lters and oriented towards the centre of the PF-column, in the direction perpendicular to the electrode axis. The recorded X-ray images revealed that when the additional gas-puff system is activated during the discharge, the stability of the discharge is improved. The data collected in these experiments confi rmed the appearance of a filamentary fi ne structure in the PF discharges. In the past years the formation of such fi laments was observed in many Z-pinch type experiments. Some of the recorded X-ray images have also revealed the appearance of the so-called hot- -spots, i.e. small plasma regions of a very intense X-ray emission. Such a phenomenon was observed before in many PF experiments, e.g. in the MAJA-PF device, but it has not been investigated so far in a large facility such as the DPF-1000U. The time-resolved measurements provided the evidence of a time lapse between the X-ray emission from plasma regions located at different distance from the anode surface. The formation of distinct ‘hot-spots’ in different instants of the DPF-1000U discharge was also observed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 303-308
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recent ion measurements within the modified DPF-1000U facility
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Czaus, K.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148249.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    DPF-1000U facility
    ion beams
    ion energy spectra
    ion pinhole images
    Opis:
    In this note we describe measurements of ion beams emitted along the z-axis of the DPF-1000U facility operated at 23 kV, 334 kJ, and with the initial deuterium pressure of 1.6–2 hPa. The DPF-1000U device was recently renewed and equipped with a dynamic gas-puff valve placed inside the inner electrode. The investigated ions were recorded by means of ion pinhole cameras equipped with solid state nuclear track detectors of the PM-355® (PADC) type. The energy spectra of ions were determined using a Thomson spectrometer placed on the symmetry axis at a distance of 160 cm from the electrodes outlets. The ion images recorded during discharges performed under different experimental conditions show that the ion beams have a complex structure, usually in the form of a central bunch and an annular stream composed of many micro-beams. Energies of the registered deuterons have been in the range of 30–700 keV, while the fast protons (which originated from the hydrogen remnants) had energies in the range of 300–850 keV.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 297-302
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of optical spectra recorded during DPF-1000U plasma experiments with gas-puffing
    Autorzy:
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Malinowski, K.
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Makhlaj, V. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147780.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    electron density
    gas-puff
    optical spectrum
    plasma focus
    plasma stream
    Opis:
    The results are presented of the optical spectra measurements for free plasma streams generated with the use of the modifi ed DPF-1000U machine. This facility was recently equipped with a gas injection system (the so-called gas-puff) placed on the symmetry axis behind the central opening in the inner electrode. The DPF-1000U experimental chamber was fi lled up with pure deuterium at the initial pressure of 1.6 or 2.4 mbar. Additionally, when the use was made of the gas-puff system about 1 cm3 of pure deuterium was injected at the pressure of 2 bars. The gas injection was initiated 1.5 or 2 ms before the triggering of the main discharge. The investigated plasma discharges were powered from a condenser bank charged initially to 23 kV (corresponding to the energy of 352 kJ), and the maximum discharge current amounted to about 1.8 MA. In order to investigate properties of a dense plasma column formed during DPF-1000U discharges the use was made of the optical emission spectroscopy. The optical spectra were recorded along the line of sight perpendicular to the vacuum chamber, using a Mechelle®900 spectrometer. The recent analysis of all the recorded spectra made it possible to compare the temporal changes in the electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream for discharges without and with the gas-puffing. Using this data an appropriate mode of operation of the DPF-1000U facility could be determined.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 309-314
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evolution of the small ball-like structures in the plasma focus discharge
    Autorzy:
    Cikhardtova, B.
    Kubes, P.
    Cikhardt, J.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Kravarik, J.
    Rezac, K.
    Kortanek, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146922.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    dense plasma focus (DPF)
    interferometric diagnostics
    organized structures in plasma
    plasmoids
    Opis:
    The experiments were carried out in the PF-1000 plasma-focus device at the maximum current reaching about 2 MA, at the deuterium or neon filling and with deuterium injected from a gas-puff nozzle placed on the axis of the anode face. Ball-like structures of diameters of 1–12 mm were identifi ed in interferometric and XUV pinhole camera frames. We made the statistical description of their parameters. A lifetime of the ball- -like structures was in the range from 30 to 210 ns, and in some cases even more. These structures appeared mostly at the surface of the imploding plasma shell and they did not change their position in relation to the anode end. During the evolution of these structures, interferometric fringes were observed near the surfaces of the structures only, and their internal parts were initially chaotic (without noticeable) fringes. Subsequently the number of interferometric fringes increased (the internal ‘chaotic’ area was fi lled with fringes too) and later on it decreased. The radii of the ball-like structures were mostly increasing during their existence. The maximum electron density reached the value of 1024 to 1025 m–3. The ball-like structures decayed by absorption inside the expanded pinch column and/or gradually expired in rare plasma outside of the dense plasma column.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 155-159
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of tungsten surface interaction with plasma streams at DPF-1000U
    Autorzy:
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Malinowski, K.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Gribkov, V. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    DPF-1000U
    electron density
    gas puffing
    plasma stream
    tungsten
    Opis:
    In this note experimental studies of tungsten (W) samples irradiated by intense plasma-ion streams are reported. Measurements were performed using the modified plasma focus device DPF-1000U equipped with an axial gas-puffing system. The main diagnostic tool was a Mechelle®900 optical spectrometer. The electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream (i.e., the plasma stream observed without any target inside the vacuum chamber) was estimated on the basis of the half-width of the Dβ spectral line, taking into account the linear Stark effect. For a freely propagating plasma stream the maximum electron density amounted to about 1.3 × 1017 cm–3 and was reached during the maximum plasma compression. The plasma electron density depends on the initial conditions of the experiments. It was thus important to determine first the plasma flow characteristics before attempting any target irradiation. These data were needed for comparison with plasma characteristics after an irradiation of the investigated target. In fact, spectroscopic measurements performed during interactions of plasma streams with the investigated W samples showed many WI and WII spectral lines. The surface erosion was determined from mass losses of the irradiated samples. Changes on the surfaces of the irradiated samples were also investigated with an optical microscope and some sputtering and melting zones were observed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 293-296
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Temporal distribution of linear densities of the plasma column in a plasma focus discharge
    Autorzy:
    Cikhardtova, B.
    Kubeš, P.
    Cikhardt, J.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Kravárik, J.
    Řezáč, K.
    Kortanek, J.
    Šíla, O.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147356.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    plasma focus (PF)
    plasma pinch
    plasma diagnostics
    Opis:
    Experiments were carried out on the PF-1000 plasma focus device, with a deuterium filling and with deuterium puffing from a gas-puff nozzle placed on the axis of the anode face. The current was reaching 2 MA. 15 interferometric frames from one shot were recorded with a Nd:YLF laser and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, with 10–20 ns delay between the frames. As a result, the temporal and spatial distribution of the linear densities and the radial and axial velocities of the moving of plasma in the dense plasma column could be estimated.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 315-318
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Magnetic field measurements on PF - 1000 and PF - 3 facilities: current sheath structure and neutron scaling
    Autorzy:
    Krauz, V. I.
    Mitrofanov, K. N.
    Scholz, M.
    Myalton, V. V.
    Paduch, M.
    Grabovskii, E. V.
    Karpinski, L.
    Koidan, V. S.
    Vinogradov, V. P.
    Vinogradova, Y. V.
    Zielinska, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147526.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    plasma focus (PF)
    magnetic probe
    current sheath
    neutron scaling
    Opis:
    The comparative analysis of the magnetic field distribution, the dynamics and structure of the plasma current sheath, and the neutron yield scaling in two largest plasma focus facilities, PF-3 and PF-1000 is done. The power-low dependence of the neutron yield on the current in the imploding plasma sheath has been demonstrated experimentally. For the first time the presence of the Bz magnetic field components is experimentally shown.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 201-204
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Interferometry of the plasma focus equipped with forehead cathode
    Autorzy:
    Kubeš, P.
    Klír, D.
    Rezac, K.
    Paduch, M.
    Pisarczyk, T.
    Scholz, M.
    Chodukowski, T.
    Kalinowska, Z.
    Hitschfel, J.
    Kortanek, J.
    Kravárik, J.
    Ivanova-Stanik, I.
    Bienkowska, B.
    Karpinski, L.
    Zielinska, E.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Tomaszewski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147512.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    interferometry
    neutron diagnostics
    plasma focus discharge
    Opis:
    The PF-1000 plasma-focus facility in Warsaw, equipped with Mather-type coaxial electrodes working with a deuterium filling, was modified by the addition of a cathode disk in front of the anode front-plate at a distance of 3 cm. The plasma was diagnosed with temporal resolved interferometry and neutron diagnostics. The modified electrode configuration showed an increase of the current in the pinch phase and a decrease of the total neutron yield. The lower total neutron yield is caused by a lower energy of deuterons producing the observed neutrons and by a decrease of the velocity of transformations of the structures in the pinch column.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 189-192
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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