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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Optimization of soft X-ray tomography on the COMPASS tokamak
    Autorzy:
    Imríšek, M.
    Mlynář, J.
    Löffelmann, V.
    Weinzettl, V.
    Odstrčil, T.
    Odstrčil, M.
    Tomeš, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146251.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    soft X-ray
    tomography
    Tikhonov regularization
    tokamak
    Opis:
    The COMPASS tokamak is equipped with the soft X-ray (SXR) diagnostic system based on silicon photodiode arrays shielded by a thin beryllium foil. The diagnostic is composed of two pinhole cameras having 35 channels each and one vertical pinhole camera with 20 channels, which was installed recently to improve tomographic inversions. Lines of sight of the SXR detectors cover almost complete poloidal cross section of the COMPASS vessel with a spatial resolution of 1–2 cm and temporal resolution of about 3 s. Local emissivity is reconstructed via Tikhonov regularization constrained by minimum Fisher information that provides reliable and robust solution despite limited number of projections and ill-conditionality of this task. Improved border conditions and numerical differentiation matrices suppressing artifacts in reconstructed radiation were implemented in the code. Furthermore, a fast algorithm eliminating iterative processes was developed, and it is foreseen to be tested in real-time plasma control.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 4; 403-408
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Second order reflection from crystals used in soft X-ray spectroscopy
    Autorzy:
    Książek, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146093.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    soft X-ray
    plasma spectroscopy
    PbSt
    KAP
    Opis:
    In this note the ratio of the second to the first order reflection is determined for the KAP and PbSt crystals, for wavelengths corresponding to the Al K-line emission. The source of the radiation was a low-voltage stabilized X-ray tube. The X-rays were detected with a Bragg spectrometer equipped with a proportional counter detector. The signal measured by the proportional counter was subsequently pulse height analyzed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 263-265
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Limitations of thermoluminescent dosimeters in soft X-ray diagnostics of pulsed plasma
    Autorzy:
    Krása, J.
    Fárníková, M.
    Juha, L.
    Cejnarová, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147287.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    dosimetry of photons
    thermoluminescent dosimeters
    X-ray plasma diagnostics
    Opis:
    Responses of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) of CaF2:Dy, CaF2:Mn, and LiF:Mg,Cu,P to the deposited energy of monochromatic 1.75–3.5 keV radiation were measured with respect to an increase in the local dose due to the attenuation length that was much shorter than the TLD thickness. The responses of TLDs to X-ray emission from the laserproduced aluminium plasma were found to be independent of the dose rate within a wide range.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 49-51
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recent measurements of soft X-ray emission from the DPF-1000U facility
    Autorzy:
    Surała, W.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Tomaszewski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    plasma focus
    X-ray emission
    X-ray images
    gas puffing
    filaments
    hot spots
    Opis:
    Soft X-ray imaging is a very useful diagnostic technique in plasma-focus (PF) experiments. This paper reports results of four experimental sessions which were carried out at the DPF-1000U plasma-focus facility in 2013 and 2014. Over 200 discharges were performed at various experimental conditions. Measurements were taken using two X-ray pinhole cameras with a line of sight perpendicular to the z-axis, at different azimuthal angles (about 20° and 200°), and looking towards the centre of the PF-pinch column. They were equipped with diaphragms 1000 μm or 200–300 μm in diameter and coated with filters of 500 μm Al foil and 10 μm Be foil, respectively. Data on the neutron emission were collected with silver activation counters. For time-resolved measurements the use was made of four PIN diodes equipped with various fi lters and oriented towards the centre of the PF-column, in the direction perpendicular to the electrode axis. The recorded X-ray images revealed that when the additional gas-puff system is activated during the discharge, the stability of the discharge is improved. The data collected in these experiments confi rmed the appearance of a filamentary fi ne structure in the PF discharges. In the past years the formation of such fi laments was observed in many Z-pinch type experiments. Some of the recorded X-ray images have also revealed the appearance of the so-called hot- -spots, i.e. small plasma regions of a very intense X-ray emission. Such a phenomenon was observed before in many PF experiments, e.g. in the MAJA-PF device, but it has not been investigated so far in a large facility such as the DPF-1000U. The time-resolved measurements provided the evidence of a time lapse between the X-ray emission from plasma regions located at different distance from the anode surface. The formation of distinct ‘hot-spots’ in different instants of the DPF-1000U discharge was also observed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 303-308
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurements of fast electron beams and soft X-ray emission from plasma-focus experiments
    Autorzy:
    Surała, W.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Jakubowski, L.
    Żebrowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    electron beams
    X-ray emission
    plasma focus
    hot spots
    Opis:
    The paper reports results of the recent experimental studies of pulsed electron beams and soft X-rays in plasma-focus (PF) experiments carried out within a modifi ed PF-360U facility at the NCBJ, Poland. Particular attention was focused on time-resolved measurements of the fast electron beams by means of two different magnetic analyzers, which could record electrons of energy ranging from about 41 keV to about 715 keV in several (6 or 8) measuring channels. For discharges performed with the pure deuterium fi lling, many strong electron signals were recorded in all the measuring channels. Those signals were well correlated with the fi rst hard X-ray pulse detected by an external scintillation neutron-counter. In some of the analyzer channels, electron spikes (lasting about dozens of nanoseconds) and appearing in different instants after the current peculiarity (so-called current dip) were also recorded. For several discharges, fast ion beams, which were emitted along the z-axis and recorded with nuclear track detectors, were also investigated. Those measurements confi rmed a multibeam character of the ion emission. The time-integrated soft X-ray images, which were taken side-on by means of a pinhole camera and sensitive X-ray fi lms, showed the appearance of some fi lamentary structures and so-called hot spots. The application of small amounts of admixtures of different heavy noble gases, i.e. of argon (4.8% volumetric), krypton (1.6% volumetric), or xenon (0.8% volumetric), decreased intensity of the recorded electron beams, but increased intensity of the soft X-ray emission and showed more distinct and numerous hot spots. The recorded electron spikes have been explained as signals produced by quasi-mono-energetic microbeams emitted from tiny sources (probably plasma diodes), which can be formed near the observed hot spots.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 161-167
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Conceptual design of Light Impurity Monitor for Wendelstein 7-X
    Autorzy:
    Książek, I.
    Burhenn, R.
    Musielok, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146640.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    plasma spectroscopy
    stellarator
    soft X-ray
    Opis:
    As plasma impurity ions can significantly influence the properties of a fusion plasma by dilution and enhancement of the radiation losses, the process of monitoring of their concentrations is one of the most important tasks. A Light Impurity Monitor is needed for monitoring the contamination of the stellarator plasma by carbon, nitrogen, boron, and oxygen impurities, which are indicators for the overload of the plasma facing components, leakage of the vacuum vessel, or wall condition, respectively. Their concentration will be estimated on the basis of emission intensities of their hydrogen-like ions. In this paper a conceptual design of such a spectrometer is presented, including the description of the geometry, the acquisition system and safety systems.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 155-160
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Plasma characterization of the gas-puff target source dedicated for soft X-ray microscopy using SiC detectors
    Autorzy:
    Torrisi, A.
    Wachulak, P.
    Torrisi, L.
    Bartnik, A.
    Węgrzyński, Ł.
    Fiedorowicz, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147432.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    gas-puff target
    plasma diagnostic technique
    SiC detector
    ‘water-window’
    EUV
    Opis:
    An Nd:YAG pulsed laser was employed to irradiate a nitrogen gas-puff target. The interaction gives rise to the emission of soft X-ray (SXR) radiation in the ‘water window’ spectral range (λ = 2.3÷4.4 nm). This source was already successfully employed to perform the SXR microscopy. In this work, a Silicon Carbide (SiC) detector was used to characterize the nitrogen plasma emission in terms of gas-puff target parameters. The measurements show applicability of SiC detectors for SXR plasma characterization.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 139-143
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling of the soft X-ray tungsten spectra expected to be registered by GEM detection system for WEST
    Autorzy:
    Syrocki, Ł.
    Szymańska, E.
    Słabkowska, K.
    Polasik, M.
    Pestka, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971490.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    X-ray spectra
    tokamak
    tungsten L, M, N, X-ray lines
    GEM detection system
    Opis:
    In the future International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the interaction between the plasma and the tungsten chosen as the plasma-facing wall material imposes that the hot central plasma loses energy by X-ray emission from tungsten ions. On the other hand, the registered X-ray spectra provide alternative diagnostics of the plasma itself. Highly ionized tungsten emits extremely complex X-ray spectra that can be understood only after exhaustive theoretical studies. The detailed analyses will be useful for proper interpretation of soft X-ray plasma radiation expected to be registered on ITER-like machines, that is, Tungsten (W) Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST). The simulations of the soft X-ray spectra structures for tungsten ions have been performed using the flexible atomic code (FAC) package within the framework of collisional-radiative (CR) model approach for electron temperatures and densities relevant to WEST tokamak.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 4; 433-436
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Refined design of a new driver for fast capillary discharge
    Autorzy:
    Koláček, K.
    Boháček, V.
    Šunka, P.
    Řípa, M.
    Kravárik, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148339.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    fast capillary discharge
    soft X-ray laser
    Opis:
    A new driver of the fast capillary discharge has been designed. It consists of the Marx generator and radial Blumline pulse forming line. Such a geometry enables axial access to both capillary ends (”transparent capillary”). This arrangement substantially simplifies the experiments (adjustment, monitoring, applications). The designed apparatus is capable of reaching the discharge current of the order of 120 kA and the discharge current rise time 2.9×1012 A/s, which is sufficient for the investigation of amplification in non-traditional electronic transitions.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 45-47
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Refined design of a new driver for fast capillary discharge
    Autorzy:
    Kolácek, K.
    Bohacek, V.
    Schmidt, J.
    Sunka, P.
    Ripa, M.
    Kravárik, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147571.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    fast capillary discharge
    soft X-ray laser
    Opis:
    A new driver of the fast capillary discharge has been designed. It consists of the Marx generator and radial Blumline pulse forming line. Such a geometry enables axial access to both capillary ends ("transparent capillary"). This arrangement substantially simplifies the experiments (adjustment, monitoring, applications). The designed apparatus is capable of reaching the discharge current of the order of 120 kA and the discharge current rise time 2.9×1012 A/s, which is sufficient for the investigation of amplification in non-traditional electronic transitions.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 3; 117-120
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recent progress in 1 MJ Plasma-Focus research
    Autorzy:
    Scholz, M.
    Karpiński, L.
    Paduch, M.
    Tomaszewski, K.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Szydlowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147553.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    neutron emission
    plasma focus
    scaling laws
    soft X-ray radiation
    Opis:
    The paper reports on actual operational characteristics of the PF-1000 facility and it presents results of the first neutron experiments performed with a new set of large Mather-type electrodes, which were designed for shots up to 1000 kJ. Dynamics of a current-sheath was studied by means of two high-speed streak cameras and a two-frame camera. The last one was used for the side-on observation of the pinch column. The high-speed streak pictures were taken side-on behind slits oriented in the radial or axial direction. On the basis of the pictures taken behind the radial slit, average values of the radial compression and expansion velocities were estimated. Time-resolved X-ray signals were measured with PIN diodes covered by different filters, and they were compared with other traces (voltage waveforms, dI/dt signals, and neutron-induced pulses) in order to determine their correlation. The total neutron yield (Ytot), i.e. the number of neutrons produced during a single discharge and emitted in various directions, was measured by means of several silver-activation detectors placed at different angles around the PF-1000 experimental chamber.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 1; 35-39
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation of low-temperature plasmas formed in low-density gases surrounding laser-produced plasmas
    Autorzy:
    Majszyk, Mateusz
    Bartnik, Andrzej
    Skrzeczanowski, Wojciech
    Fok, Tomasz
    Węgrzyński, Łukasz
    Szczurek, Mirosław
    Fiedorowicz, Henryk
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202566.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    extreme ultraviolet
    EUV
    laser plasma
    low pressure
    photoionization
    plasma
    soft X-ray
    SXR
    Opis:
    Low-temperature plasma production is possible as a result of photoionization using high-intensity extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) pulses. Plasma of this type is also present in outer space, e.g., aurora borealis. It also occurs when high-velocity objects enter the atmosphere, during which period high temperatures can be produced locally by friction. Low-temperature plasma is also formed in an ambient gas surrounding the hot laser-produced plasma (LPP). In this work, a special system has been prepared for investigation of this type of plasma. The LPP was created inside a chamber fi lled with a gas under a low pressure, of the order of 1–50 mbar, by a laser pulse (3–9 J, 1–8 ns) focused onto a gas puff target. In such a case, the SXR/EUV radiation emitted from the LPP was partially absorbed in the low-density gas. In this case, high- and low-temperature plasmas (Te ~100 eV and ~1 eV, respectively) were created locally in the chamber. Investigation of the EUV-induced plasmas was performed mainly using spectral methods in ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) light. The measurements were performed using an echelle spectrometer, and additionally, spatial–temporal measurements were performed using an optical streak camera. Spectral analysis was supported by the PGOPHER numerical code.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2023, 68, 1; 11--17
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    0.2-kJ and 2-kJ high rep rate Dense Plasma foci : their design, technology, and applications
    Autorzy:
    Dubrovsky, A. V.
    Gribkov, V. A.
    Ivanov, Y. P.
    Lee, P.
    Lee, S.
    Liu, M.
    Samarin, V. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146546.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    dense plasma focus (DPF)
    DPF installation
    miniature focus chamber
    soft and hard X-ray radiation
    Opis:
    The paper presents various designs of several medium and small size Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) chambers intended for numerous applications, a description of technologies used in these facilities, and some results reached with these devices by using a number of diagnostic techniques. In present experiments the DP foci have been used mainly as an X-ray source. We discuss here how it is possible to satisfy absolutely new and very strict demands on the construction and technology for the devices to be eventually applied in science and industry. Between these characteristics there are a high repetition rate (typically 1…15 Hz) and a long lifetime (over 1 million shots). Their switching elements, a collector and chambers must withstand a high quasi-continuous heat load (up to 100 kW). High energy density in the central part of the chamber anode and the necessity to provide a channel for radiation extraction demanded a special construction and specific materials implementation in this region. Their X-ray spectrum should be tuned. They have to operate with different working gases and preferably in a wide range of pressures. All these points are discussed in this report. Capabilities of the described techniques are illustrated by results of the recent experimental studies carried out with facilities located at the Nanyang Technological University (NX1) as well as at the Lebedev Physical Institute (PF-0.2).
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 107-111
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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