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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Studies of Plasma-Focus discharges within the PF-360 facility equipped with a planar D2O-ice target
    Autorzy:
    Zebrowski, J.
    Baranowski, J.
    Jakubowski, L.
    Sadowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    cryogenic target
    ion beams
    neutron yield
    plasma focus
    X-rays
    Opis:
    The paper reports on investigations of dense magnetized plasmas produced within a modernized PF-360 facility, which was operated with an additional planar cryogenic target placed in the front of the electrode outlet and covered with D2O-ice layers. The main aim of these studies was to overcome the neutron saturation effect and to increase the maximum neutron yield from PF discharges by using fast deuteron beams. Such beams are usually emitted from a pinch region and can produce fast neutrons from D-D reactions during their interactions with the additional target.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 65-68
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation of Plasma Focus discharges in the PF-360 facility with additional D2 gaspuffed targets
    Autorzy:
    Stanislawski, J.
    Baranowski, J.
    Sadowski, M.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147013.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    current sheath
    deuteron beams
    gas puffing
    neutron yield
    plasma focus
    Opis:
    The paper describes experimental studies of Plasma-Focus (PF) discharges carried out within the modernized PF- 360 facility, which was operated with an additional D2-gas puffing into the region of the collapsing current sheath and PF pinch formation, i.e. into space in front of the electrode outlet. The main aim of these studies was to increase a neutron yield from PF discharges by using fast deuteron beams, which are usually emitted from a pinch column and which can interact with additional D2-gas target.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 73-75
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies of Plasma-Focus discharges within the PF-360 facility equipped with needle D2O-ice target
    Autorzy:
    Baranowski, J.
    Jakubowski, L.
    Sadowski, M.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147583.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    cryogenic target
    current sheath
    neutrons yield
    plasma focus
    X-ray
    Opis:
    The paper describes a new technique which has been investigated in order to overcome the neutron saturation effect and to increase the neutron yield from the plasma-focus (PF) discharges [1]. The PF-360 experimental facility was constructed at the Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (IPJ) in Swierk, Poland in the late 70s [4, 5]. Recently in order to improve the neutron yield from the PF-360 machine, it was proposed to use a cryogenic deuterium target, which might be placed within the plasma-focus region. For this purpose, we have been made a needle-like cryogenic target covered with a thin „heavy-ice“ layer. A considerable increase in the average neutron yield (from 1.7×1010 to about 2.2×1010 neutrons/shot) has been achieved for 122 kJ PF discharges when the needle target top was placed at a distance of about 100 mm from the electrode ends.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 69-71
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurements of fast electron beams and soft X-ray emission from plasma-focus experiments
    Autorzy:
    Surała, W.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Jakubowski, L.
    Żebrowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    electron beams
    X-ray emission
    plasma focus
    hot spots
    Opis:
    The paper reports results of the recent experimental studies of pulsed electron beams and soft X-rays in plasma-focus (PF) experiments carried out within a modifi ed PF-360U facility at the NCBJ, Poland. Particular attention was focused on time-resolved measurements of the fast electron beams by means of two different magnetic analyzers, which could record electrons of energy ranging from about 41 keV to about 715 keV in several (6 or 8) measuring channels. For discharges performed with the pure deuterium fi lling, many strong electron signals were recorded in all the measuring channels. Those signals were well correlated with the fi rst hard X-ray pulse detected by an external scintillation neutron-counter. In some of the analyzer channels, electron spikes (lasting about dozens of nanoseconds) and appearing in different instants after the current peculiarity (so-called current dip) were also recorded. For several discharges, fast ion beams, which were emitted along the z-axis and recorded with nuclear track detectors, were also investigated. Those measurements confi rmed a multibeam character of the ion emission. The time-integrated soft X-ray images, which were taken side-on by means of a pinhole camera and sensitive X-ray fi lms, showed the appearance of some fi lamentary structures and so-called hot spots. The application of small amounts of admixtures of different heavy noble gases, i.e. of argon (4.8% volumetric), krypton (1.6% volumetric), or xenon (0.8% volumetric), decreased intensity of the recorded electron beams, but increased intensity of the soft X-ray emission and showed more distinct and numerous hot spots. The recorded electron spikes have been explained as signals produced by quasi-mono-energetic microbeams emitted from tiny sources (probably plasma diodes), which can be formed near the observed hot spots.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 161-167
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Anisotropy of the neutron emission from PF-360 facility operated without and with solid-state targets
    Autorzy:
    Czaus, K.
    Baranowski, J.
    Sadowski, M.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146908.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    anisotropy
    beam-target mechanism
    dense plasma focus (DPF)
    neutron yield
    thermal mechanism
    Opis:
    The paper reports on detailed studies of an anisotropy of the fusion-produced neutrons emitted from the modernized PF-360 facility [10], which has been operated with a pure deuterium-gas filling, without and with some additional solidstate targets containing deuterium atoms. Under standard operational conditions, anisotropy of the neutron yield from the PF-360 facility is similar to that observed in other PF devices. For the first time the neutron emission anisotropy has been measured in the PF experiments performed with a planar cryogenic target covered with a heavy-ice (D2O) layer. Changes in the Yn(Φ)/Yn(90°) ratio, particularly for angles Φ = 0–60°, have been explained by the known features of the angular distribution of fast deuterons.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2001, 46, suppl. 1; 77-80
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Calibration and applications of modern track detectors CR-39/PM-355 in nuclear physics and high temperature plasma experiments
    Autorzy:
    Malinowska, A.
    Szydłowski, A.
    Jaskóła, M.
    Korman, A.
    Sartowska, B.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Badziak, J.
    Żebrowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146906.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    PM-355 detectors
    corpuscular diagnostics
    nuclear-fusion applications
    Opis:
    Solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) have been used for the registration of charged particles practically since the beginning of the 1960s, when a new class of detectors, called dielectric track detectors, were discovered. The paper describes applications of the SSNTDs type PM-355 for diagnostics of fusion-reaction protons and other ions emitted from plasma focus (PF) devices, tokamaks and laser facilities. Such detectors were also used in biomedical experiments for beam profile measurements. The results of our calibration studies of SSNTDs as well as charged particle- and biomedical measurements, which were carried out within different facilities, are presented.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 2; 15-19
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Research on spatial and energetic characteristics of the ion beams emitted in the PF - 360 discharges
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Malinowski, K.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Czaus, K.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147918.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    ion beams
    PF-360 facility
    ion pinhole images
    Opis:
    Experimental results are presented on the spatial structure and energetic characteristics of the fast ion beams produced by high-current discharges in a PF-360 device operated at the National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ, Otwock/Świerk, Poland). The 105 kJ discharges were initiated at the initial deuterium pressure around p0 = 6 hPa and were powered from a 234 miF capacitor bank charged up to 30 kV. The spatial structure of the ion beams was recorded using pinhole cameras equipped with the solid-state nuclear track detectors of the PM-355 type, placed at two different angles (0 centigrade, 45 centigrade) relative to the discharge axis. The detectors were shielded by thin absorption filters made of pure Al foils of various thickness, which made it possible to record only ions with energies exceeding a chosen threshold value. Similarly as in other plasma focus (PF) experiments, energies of the emitted ions ranged from about 30 keV to about 3 MeV, i.e. they were much higher than the voltage applied to the electrodes. The recorded ion images showed a complex spatial structure of the fast ion beams, which consisted of many micro-beams of different energies. It is possible that these beams were emitted by various local micro-sources (e.g. plasma micro-diodes) the were formed inside the PF pinch column.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 1; 67-74
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Time - and space - resolved measurements of high - energy ion beams emitted from PF - type discharges
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Malinowski, K.
    Czaus, K.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147518.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    ion beams
    miniature scintillation detectors
    PF-360 facility
    Opis:
    The paper presents experimental studies of the spatial-microstructure and temporal-characteristics of fast ion beams, which are emitted from high-current plasma-focus (PF) discharges performed within the PF-360 facility at National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) at Otwock/Świerk, Poland. The spatial structure of the ion beams was investigated by means of pinhole cameras equipped with solid-state nuclear track detectors shielded by absorption filters made of Al-foils of different thickness. In order to perform time-resolved measurements there were applied miniature scintillation detectors placed at different points of the ion-image plane.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 211-214
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of characteristics of pulsed ion beams emitted from different small PF devices
    Autorzy:
    Sadowski, M.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Baranowski, J.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Kelly, H.
    Lepone, A.
    Marquez, A.
    Milanese, M.
    Moroso, R.
    Pouzo, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146809.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    Faraday cups
    ion beams
    plasma focus
    Thomson analyzers
    track detectors
    Opis:
    The paper concerns studies of pulsed ion beams emitted from different small-energy (5–50 kJ) devices of the plasma focus (PF) type. Emission characteristics of the ion beams as measured with nuclear track detectors (NTDs), Faraday-type collectors (FC), and Thomson-type analyzers, are summarized. Common features of the ion emission are considered and some differences are discussed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2000, 45, 3; 179-184
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimation of ISTTOK runaway - electrons energies by means of a Cherenkov - type probe with modified AlN radiators
    Autorzy:
    Jakubowski, L.
    Plyusnin, V. V.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Malinowski, K.
    Rabiński, M.
    Fernandes, H.
    Silva, C.
    Duarte, P.
    Jakubowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147516.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    ISTTOK
    runaway electrons
    Cherenkov detector
    AlN radiators
    Opis:
    Measurements of fast electrons, as performed during recent few years in small tokamaks, demonstrated that detectors based on the Cherenkov effect are very useful tools for such studies. The modernized measuring heads, which were equipped with miniature aluminum-nitride (AlN) radiators, enabled to determine locations and instants of the fast electrons emission and to estimate their energy. A comparison of four measuring channels showed that in ISTTOK the most important role was played by electrons of energy less than 90 keV.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 177-181
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurements of electron and ion beams emitted from the PF-1000 device in the upstream and downstream direction
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Malinowski, K.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Czaus, K.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Karpinski, L.
    Paduch, M.
    Scholz, M.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Kubeš, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146626.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    electron beam (EB)
    ion beams
    PF-1000 facility
    magnetic analyzer
    ion pinhole cameras (IPC)
    Opis:
    In this paper we report on measurements of the energy spectra and other properties of the electron and fast ion beams emitted in the upstream and downstream direction along the z-axis of a large plasma focus device PF-1000, that was operated at 21-27 kV, delivering 290–480 kJ pulse. Measurements of the electron beam (EB) properties were performed using a magnetic analyzer. Properties of the ion beams were measured by means of pinhole cameras equipped with PM-355 nuclear track detectors and placed at various angles (0, 60 and 180 centigrade) to the discharge axis. Measurements revealed a complex spatial structure of the fast ion beams. The ion measurements behind the PF-1000 collector proved that some fast deuterons are emitted also in the upstream direction. Measurements of the EBs emitted in the upstream and downstream direction revealed electron energies in the range from approximately 40 keV to approximately 800 keV. These spectra confirm that in localized regions within the PF-1000 plasma column there appear strong fields accelerating charged particles in different directions along the discharge axis.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 119-123
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Intercomparison of radon CR-39 detector systems conducted in CLORs calibration chamber
    Autorzy:
    Mamont-Cieśla, K.
    Stawarz, O.
    Karpińska, M.
    Kapała, J.
    Kozak, K.
    Grządziel, D.
    Chałupnik, S.
    Chmielewska, I.
    Olszewski, J.
    Przylibski, T. A.
    Żebrowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148842.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    radon-222
    CR-39 track detector
    intercomparison
    RadoSys
    Opis:
    Six radon laboratories, which perform indoor radon measurements to jointly investigate temporal variations of radon concentration in houses in a couple of regions in Poland, participated in the intercomparison exercise. There are involved three commercially available Hungarian RadoSys systems and four own laboratory methods. All of them are based on the etched-track CR-39 detectors. The intercomparison was conducted in a calibration laboratory of the Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLOR), Warsaw, Poland, accredited by the Polish Center for Accreditation (previously AP 101, at present AP 057). Comparison measurements were performed during three expositions in the CLOR’s radon calibration chamber under controlled normal climatic conditions and steady radon concentration. The results were referred to the value of the radon concentration determined by AlphaGUARD monitor traceable to the primary 222Rn standard in Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunchweig, Germany. The mean performance ratio defined as a ratio of the reference to participant’s result range from 0.88 to 1.31.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 589-593
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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