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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
    Autorzy:
    Shuaibu, Mohammed
    Oladayo, Popoola Timothy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488933.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    human capital
    Africa
    health
    education
    panel data analysis
    Opis:
    Africa is regarded as the least developed continent in terms of overall development and specifically in terms of human capital development (HCD) efforts. Research on the determinants of HCD in Africa is scanty, as the literature is dominated by country-specific studies as well as group of country studies that primarily focus on the effect of human capital on growth and other economic development parameters. Therefore, this paper investigates the determinants of human capital development in 33 African countries over a 14-year period from 2000 to 2013. The empirical analysis is predicated on Sen’s capability approach that was modified following Binder and Georgiadis (2011) in order to explicitly account for the role of health, infrastructure and institutions as potential drivers of HCD. This is a departure from previous studies that focused primarily on the role of education. In addition to preliminary tests such as line plot, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis carried out, the data is analysed using panel unit root, co-integration and causality techniques. Findings show that all the variables are integrated of order one while HCD and its determinants have a stable long-run equilibrium relationship. Specifically, all the variables significantly influence HCD in the long run, whereas the contemporaneous models suggest that only institutions matter. Utilizing alternative estimators as well as estimation of subsamples, robustness tests reinforce our findings. Therefore, African governments may consider supporting HCD through sustained investment in the education and health sectors. At the same time, short-term gains may be attained through enhanced institutional quality and infrastructure development.
    Źródło:
    Oeconomia Copernicana; 2016, 7, 4; 523-549
    2083-1277
    Pojawia się w:
    Oeconomia Copernicana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of European structural and investment funds absorption on the regional development in the EU-12 (new member states)
    Autorzy:
    Vukašina, Martina
    Kersan-Škabić, Ines
    Orlić, Edvard
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443125.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    regional development
    ESIFs
    panel data analysis
    new member states
    Opis:
    Research background: European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) as the main instruments of cohesion policy (CP) in the EU, provide a broad source of financing opportunities for the EU member states. The biggest amount in the CP budget is oriented to convergence NUTS 2 regions that have GDP p.c. below 75% of the EU average. The new members of the EU (accessed in 2004 and 2007) had available 176.3 billion EUR in the period 2007?2013 and 217 billion EUR in the period 2014?2020. Even the absorption rate (in 2007?2013) of available ESIFs is high (above 90%), the real implications on their economies don?t come automatically and they represent the area for examination. Purpose of the article: The research aims to analyse the impact of ESIFs absorption in EU new member states in the period 2008?2016 on their GDP p.c.  Methods: As the sample has time and cross-sectional dimension, the panel data in static and dynamic form is employed. The analysis covers the major part of the financial framework 2007?2013 and a part of financial perspective 2014?2020 (depending on the available data). Findings & value added: The results indicate that increase in ESIF p.c. for 1% will contribute to the GDP p.c. increase for 0.0053 to 0.0064 % (static model) and for 0.008% (dynamic model). Although the impact of ESIFs is significant and positive, it is quite (and unexpectedly) small, and consequently new EU member states should not rely too much on them as the source of economic progress. It is necessary that countries should focus on channeling funds into specific segments (sectors, policies) that will result in increased competitiveness of their economies. The contributions lie in creating GDP p.c. determination function; in including all new EU member states; in including more recent available data and by observing ESIFs as a part of growth model.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 4; 857-880
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fertility Rebound and Economic Growth. New Evidence for 18 Countries Over the Period 1970–2011
    Autorzy:
    Dominiak, Piotr
    Lechman, Ewa
    Okonowicz, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517397.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    fertility rate
    fertility rebound
    economic growth
    panel data analysis
    Opis:
    Long-run impact of economic growth on fertility trends is ambiguous and sensitive for in-time variations. Noticeably, over last decades, economic growth has led to significant falls in total fertility rates in many countries. However, recently, in high-income economies a kind of ‘fertility rebound’ emerged (Gold-stein, 2009; Luci and Thevenon, 2011; Day, 2012), which supports the hypothesis that reversal trends in total fertility rates are mainly attributed to economic growth. The paper unveils the relationship between total fertility rate changes and economic growth in 18 selected countries with fertility rebound observed, over the period 1970–2011, and detects the GDP-threshold at which the fertility rebound emerged. To report on the relationship we deploy longitudinal data analysis assuming non-linearity between examined variables. The data applied are exclusively derived from World Development Indicators 2013. Our main findings support the hypothesis on U-shaped relationship between the total fertility rate and economic growth in analyzed countries in 1970-2011. Along with the previous, we project the minimum level of GDP per capita (GDP-threshold) when the fertility rebound takes place.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2015, 10, 1; 91-112
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determinants of corruption: a panel data analysis of Visegrad countries
    Autorzy:
    Linhartová, Veronika
    Halásková, Martina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443175.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    corruption
    control of corruption
    determinants
    panel data analysis
    Visegrad countires
    Opis:
    Research background: Corruption is a phenomenon that has no borders, thus hindering the proper functioning of the social, economic, and legal systems of a given state. As the rankings assessing the level of corruption in various countries show, transition economies are more vulnerable to corruption than countries that have not undergone changes in the political and economic order. The Visegrad group is an example of such countries. Despite their efforts, these countries? governments have yet to match the evaluation of corruption indices for developed European countries. Purpose of the article: This study analyses the determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries to identify which determinants are the most impactful and thus should be the focus of Visegrad countries?governments when creating anti-corruption policies. Methods: Data for the period 1996?2019 from the databases of the World Bank, Transparency International, and the European Central Bank were used for panel data analysis. The study uses a comprehensive set of economic, socio-cultural, and political determinants that can influence corruption. The purpose of this large set of variables is to prevent possible distortion owing to omitted variables. Findings & value added: The results of the analysis of panel data show the main determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries are economic, political, and socio-cultural (phase of economic development, openness of the economy, size of the public sector, degree of urbanization, and women's share in the labour force). A significant effect was also demonstrated in the case of regulatory quality and public sector wages. The findings can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers to develop government policies in individual countries and to implement effective anti-corruption tools.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 1; 51-79
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of the rule of law, corruption and terrorism on tourism: Empirical evidence from Mediterranean countries
    Autorzy:
    Bayar, Yilmaz
    Gavriletea, Marius Dan
    Remeikienė, Rita
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19909399.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    terrorism
    public governance
    tourism development
    mediterranean countries
    panel data analysis
    Opis:
    Research background: Tourism sector is considered as a driving force of economic development and understanding factors that deter the flow of tourists and hinder its development, which is essential for all actors involved in this industry. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of rule of law, corruption, and terrorism on tourism in 14 coastal states of the Mediterranean Sea based on the United Nations classification. Methods: The short and long-run relationships among the rule of law, corruption, terrorism and tourism are respectively analyzed through Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test and LM bootstrap cointegration test taking notice of the presence of heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. Findings & value added: The causality analysis reveals that control of corruption has a significant influence on tourism only in the short run. The cointegration analysis uncovers that terrorism negatively affects the tourism in Albania, Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia, but improvements in corruption also positively affect the tourism in Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece and Italy. Last, the rule of law has a positive impact on tourism in Egypt, Greece, and Israel. In this context, the rule of law can also be a key factor for tourism development via combat with corruption and terrorism. Based on some unique characteristics, the Mediterranean region has consolidated its position as the world's leading tourist destination, but to maintain this competitive position, it is crucial to recognize and adopt strategies that respond to all key challenges faced by this sector.
    Źródło:
    Oeconomia Copernicana; 2023, 14, 3; 1009-1035
    2083-1277
    Pojawia się w:
    Oeconomia Copernicana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Does trade openness improve the quality of domestic institutions? Evidence from Africa
    Autorzy:
    Němečková, Tereza
    Hayat, Arshad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443134.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    international trade
    trade openness
    quality of institutions
    Arica
    panel data models
    socio-economic development
    Opis:
    Research background: The research article deals with impacts of international trade openness on institutions in less developed economies, namely in Africa. Purpose of the article: It investigates the impacts of international trade openness on institutional quality in Africa measured by twelve various variables. Methods: It applies generalized methods of moments to a dynamic panel data of 34 African countries in the period of 1988?2012. Institutional quality data come from International Country Risk Guide, the rest from World Development Indicators and UNESCO databases. Findings & value added: Our results indicate that in the case of Africa, trade openness seems to be a positive and significant determinant of institutional quality, however, it differs across various institutional variables. Trade openness brings a positive impact on government stability, bureaucracy and law and order, we also identify its conflict-mitigating effects. This happens, unfortunately, with an exemption for natural resources exports. Trade openness also positively influences security and socioeconomic conditions, although we find the link much weaker. Regarding our control variables, we find two interesting results. First, GDP per capita has a strong and positive association with institutional quality when measured by one bundled indicator, however, individual variables show different intensities. Second, we find a strong and positive association of net foreign direct investment inflows and government stability. The added value of this research lies not only in focus on the less researched relationship, i.e., how trade impacts the institutional quality, but dominantly in focus on many institutional variables at once and comparison of their effects. Other empirical studies usually focus on selected variables only, or on selected trade items (natural resources).
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 4; 881-908
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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