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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Possible physical universes
    Autorzy:
    McCabe, Gordon
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691328.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    models of universe
    multiverse
    structural realism
    Opis:
    The purpose of this paper is to discuss the various types of physical universe which could exist according to modern mathematical physics. The paper begins with an introduction that approaches the question from the viewpoint of ontic structural realism. Section 2 takes the case of the 'multiverse' of spatially homogeneous universes, and analyses the famous Collins-Hawking argument, which purports to show that our own universe is a very special member of this collection. Section 3 considers the multiverse of all solutions to the Einstein field equations, and continues the discussion of whether the notions of special and typical can be defined within such a collection.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2005, 37; 73-97
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Granice fizyki w kosmologii
    Limits of physics in cosmology
    Autorzy:
    Sokołowski, Leszek M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690790.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    physical cosmology
    the notion of the Universe
    dark matter and dark energy
    falsifiability of quantum gravity
    origin of the Universe
    Opis:
    The message is that physics has an „outward bound” of scientific inquiry in the field of cosmology. I present it in the historical development. Physics and astronomy, developing since the seventeenth century, inherited from the early Greek philosophers the conception that the Universe as a whole is invariable. In nineteenth century this conception in conjunction with the conception of eternity of the Universe (being a philosophical conclusion from the conservation laws of mass and energy) gave rise to contradictions with other laws of physics indicating that cosmology is not a branch of physics since the notion of the Universe is not a physical one. Cosmology returned to physics as its important branch due to the advent of general relativity theory and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Modern cosmology generates fundamental problems creating real limits to inquiries in physics viewed as an empirical science. The very notion of the Universe shows that the scientific method reaches there limits of its applicability. Does „to exist” mean „to be observed by someone”? Should the definition of the Universe be based on a current physical theory, e.g. on Einstein’s general relativity, giving rise to a kind of mathematical instability? Is the fashionable concept of the „multiverse” a physical one or is a purely metaphysical notion in a scientific disguise? If the Universe is unique (as we believe), is it meaningful to describe it in the framework of physics, which by its method always assumes that the number of objects it describes, is unlimited? Apart from these permanent philosophical problems there are concrete urgent problems generated by cosmology: the nature of dark matter and dark energy. These two species of „substance” appear only in cosmology and do not fit the laboratory physics; contrary to the three centuries long tradition of modern science, now cosmology inspires physics in a troublesome way. A separate class of limits to physics is generated by the theorem in general relativity that the Universe emerged from an initial curvature singularity of the spacetime. At the singularity the whole scientific inquiry breaks down. Cosmology of the very early Universe suggests that in its evolution two specific epochs took place, that of quantum gravity and an inflationary epoch. The underlying them two physical theories are incomplete and seem to be inherently untestable. Furthermore, the experimentally verifiable physics cannot explain the origin of the initial conditions determining properties of the Universe which emerged from the singularity.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2015, 59; 25-81
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konieczność i przypadek w ewolucji wszechświata
    Necessity and random events in the evolution of the universe
    Autorzy:
    Heller, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690722.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    evolution of the universe
    intelligent design
    necessity
    randomness
    Opis:
    There are two extremities in contemporary discussions on the role of random events in the evolution of the Universe: one extremity consists in reducing the evolution to a blind game of random events, the other extremity in seeing everywhere traces of the 'intelligent design'. Both these doctrines are based on misunderstandings. It is argued that casual or random events are not a 'foreign body' in the network of physical laws, but rather its indispensable element without which the laws of physics would be ineffective.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2009, 44; 3-12
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stworzenie świata według Leibniza
    Creation of the universe according to Leibniz
    Autorzy:
    Heller, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690614.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
    creation of universe
    mathematical thinking
    calculus
    best possible world
    Opis:
    Leibniz's idea of creation is best epitomized by a note written by him on the margin of his work entitled 'Dialogus'. The note reads:'When God thinks things through and calculates, the world is made'. Simple calculations are almost mechanical. The true mathematical thinking begins when one is confronted with a problem that has to be solved, when starting from the known mathematical structure one has to construct a new structure, to comprehend its intricacies, the ways of its functioning, and its connections with other mathematical structures. And when one successfully applies the new mathematical structure to a physical theory, the new world is made. This was Leibniz's experience when he was discovering calculus and tried to apply it to mechanical problems. Leibniz's doctrine that our world is the best of all possible words is often ridiculed, but this attitude is the result of a very superficial reading of Leibniz's texts. In fact, God's calculations to choose the best possible world are similar to solving the variational problem in mathematics. Leibniz claims that in mathematical reasoning if there is neither 'maximum' nor 'minimum' nothing can happen. Similarly, if there were no world better that other possible worlds, God's wisdom would have not been able to create anything. Some consequences of this doctrine, concerning the nature of space, time and causality, are also considered.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2008, 42; 3-14
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czy siła grawitacji działa na odległość?
    Does the force of gravity acts at a distance?
    Autorzy:
    Janusz, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/691326.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    Albert Einstein
    theory of relativity
    gravitational field
    gravity
    geometry of the Universe
    physical force
    Opis:
    The second Law of Newton's dynamics could be regarded as a research program: by investigating momentum change, one is able to obtain simple formulae for expressing the physical force. However, such a program is unrealistic because of the problem with defining the concept of inertial system. Einstein has solved this problem in his general theory of relativity. In this theory, Gravity is not a force but rather the geometry of the world. It does not act at a distance, but determines local motions of masses. Einstein's research program consisted in a bold hypothesis in the field of mathematical physics rather than in any mathematization of observational results. The second Law of Newton's dynamics could be regarded as a research program: by investigating momentum change, one is able to obtain simple formulae for expressing the physical force. However, such a program is unrealistic because of the problem with defining the concept of inertial system. Einstein has solved this problem in his general theory of relativity. In this theory, Gravity is not a force but rather the geometry of the world. It does not act at a distance, but determines local motions of masses. Einstein's research program consisted in a bold hypothesis in the field of mathematical physics rather than in any mathematization of observational results.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2005, 37; 15-31
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mała książka o wielkim wszechświecie
    The little book about the large universe
    Autorzy:
    Szybka, Sebastian Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1943074.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    cosmology
    universe
    cosmos
    astronomy
    physics
    cosmic microwave background
    general relativity
    background radiation
    CMB
    WMAP
    Albert Einstein
    Opis:
    We live in extraordinary times for cosmologists. A vast amount of new astronomical data is pushing our model of the universe to its limits. An interest in cosmology is growing. The Little Book of Cosmology by Lyman Page is a concise up-to-date approachable introduction to the topic.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2021, 71; 203-209
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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