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Tytuł:
Heart injury and repair: hopes and hypes of cell therapies and biomaterials
Autorzy:
Dulak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
heart injury
cell therapies
biomaterials
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2017, 20, no. 143 spec. iss.; 5
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of surface (nano)roughness on cell behaviour
Autorzy:
Piegat, A.
Fray, M. el
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285111.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
nanocomposites PVC / CNT
AFM
contact angle
cell/tissue response
Opis:
The influence of surface (nano)roughness of soft elastomeric materials containing nanocrystalline TiO2 on tissue cell behaviour after implantation tests was investigated. Addition of small amount (0.2wt.%) of TiO2into polymer matrix changed surface roughness giving material of well developed lamellar morphology and slightly diminished contact angle (wettability). This lamellar (fibrilar) morphology had strong influence on cell response after implantation into soft tissue indi-cating the absence of eosynophiles in tissue around implant.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2009, 12, no. 89-91; 257-258
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The adhesion and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in cultures on carboranethiol-modified gold films
Autorzy:
Parizek, M.
Base, T.
Londesborough, M. G. S.
Lisa, V.
Bacakova, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285409.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
metal coating
gold film
carboranethiol
cell adhesion
cell spreading
cell proliferation
biomaterials
tissue engineering
surgical implants
Opis:
Metal surfaces have become important over the last decade for potential surgical implants, and within this context we present here a study of the cell growth on modified gold surfaces. Gold films, deposited on glass plates and annealed with a hydrogen flame, were modified with four different carboranethiol derivatives: 1-(HS)-1,2-C2B10H11 (A), 1,2-(HS)2-1,2-C2B10H10 (B), 9,12-(HS)2-1,2-C2B10H10 (C) and 1,12-(HS)2-1,12- C2B10H10 (D). The materials engendered from these modifications were used to investigate the adhesion and growth of rat aortic smooth muscle cells cultured on these surfaces in a DMEM medium with 10% of fetal bovine serum. One day after seeding, the highest number of initially adhered cells was found on the surface of a bare gold film. However, three days after seeding, the number of cells on carboranethiol-modified gold samples B, C and D was significantly higher than the number on a bare gold film. After seven days, the number of cells on a bare gold film and on gold films modified with derivatives A, B and D was very similar, but the surface of a gold film modified with derivative C exhibited a significantly smaller number of cells. This may be explained by the exposure of the CH vertices of the carborane cluster, which are more acidic than the BH vertices exposed toward the cells in either A or B.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2008, 11, no. 81-84; 117-119
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles for delivering synthetic drug molecules across the cell membrane
Autorzy:
Rotan, O.
Sokolova, V.
Schrader, T.
Epple, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285174.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
nanoparticles
cell membranes
drug molecules
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2014, 17, no. 128-129; 77-78
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The adhesion and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in cultures on carboranethiol-modified gold films
Autorzy:
Parizek, M.
Base, T.
Londesborough, M. G. S.
Lisa, V.
Bacakova, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/286249.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
implanty chirurgiczne
biomateriały
powłoki metalowe
inżynieria materiałowa
metal coatings
gold film
carboranethiol
cell adhesion
cell spreading
cell proliferation
biomaterials
tissue engineering
surgical implants
Opis:
Metal surfaces have become important over the last decade for potential surgical implants, and within this context we present here a study of the cell growth on modified gold surfaces. Gold films, deposited on glass plates and annealed with a hydrogen flame, were modified with four different carboranethiol derivatives: 1-(HS)-1,2-C2 B10H11(A), 1,2-(HS)2-1,2-C2B10H10(B), 9,12-(HS)2-1,2-C2B10H10(C) and 1,12-(HS)2-1,12- C2B10H10(D). The materials engendered from these modifications were used to investigate the adhesion and growth of rat aortic smooth muscle cells cultured on these surfaces in a DMEM medium with 10% of fetal bovine serum. One day after seeding, the highest number of initially adhered cells was found on the surface of a bare gold film. However, three days after seeding, the number of cells on carboranethiol-modified gold samples B, C and D was significantly higher than the number on a bare gold film. After seven days, the number of cells on a bare gold film and on gold films modified with derivatives A, B and D was very similar, but the surface of a gold film modified with derivative C exhibited a significantly smaller number of cells. This may be explained by the exposure of the CH vertices of the carborane cluster, which are more acidic than the BH vertices exposed toward the cells in either A or B.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2008, 11, 75; 6-8
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modification of PLGA microspheres’ microstructure for application as cell carriers in modular tissue engineering
Autorzy:
Mielan, B.
Krok-Borkowicz, M.
Pielichowska, K.
Pamuła, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
regenerative medicine
cell cultures
bottom-up
PLGA
emulsification
Opis:
Microspheres (MS) made of resorbable polymer have been proposed as a cell growth support. They may be assembled to form cell constructs or be suspended in hydrogels allowing injection into injury location. High relative surface area of MS provides more efficient cell culture environment than traditional culture on flat substrates (multiwell plates, Petri dishes). In addition, MS structure, topography and surface chemistry can be modified to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. The aim of this study was to obtain resorbable poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) MS and to modify their properties by changing manufacturing conditions of the oil-in-water emulsification to better control structural and microstructural properties of MS and their biological performance. To this end, water phase was modified by addition of NaCl to change ionic strength, while oil phase by addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Microstructural and thermal properties were assessed. Cytocompatibility tests and cell cultures with MG-63 cells were conducted to verify potential relevance of MS as cell carriers. The results showed that it is possible to obtain cytocompatible MS by oil-in-water emulsification method and to control diameter, porosity and crystallinity of MS with the use of additives to oil and/or water phases without negative changes in MS cytocompatibility. The results prove that modification of both phases make it possible to produce MS with desired/controllable properties like surface topography, porosity and crystallinity.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2017, 20, 140; 7-11
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Black Orlon as promising material for bone tissue engineering
Autorzy:
Parizek, M.
Vetrik, M.
Hruby, M.
Lisa, V.
Bacakova, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/284127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
Orlon
polyacrylonitrile
tissue engineering
porous 3D scaffolds
cell adhesion
cell growth
osteoblasts
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2014, 17, no. 128-129; 4-6
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porous titanium scaffolds with modified surface: in vitro cell biology assessment
Autorzy:
Ścisłowska-Czarnecka, A.
Menaszek, E.
Szaraniec, B.
Chłopek, J.
Kołaczkowska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285246.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
osteoblasts
cytokines
cell adherence
morphology
titanium
hydroxyapatite
bioglass
CaO-SiO2
Opis:
Interaction of host cells with a biomaterial surface is important for biocompatibility and thus is essential for biomedical applications. Therefore investigations are undertaken to scrutinize for an appropriate surface coating with physical and chemical properties minimizing undesirable activation of immunological response. For this the current study was aimed at examining the effects of different surface modifications of titanium by its coating with ceramic materials - hydroxyapatite, bioglass and CaO-SiO2on osteoblast morphology and secretory activity. Titanium is known for its excellent mechanical properties but its surface has low bioactivity. We report that CaO-SiO2coating decreased a number of attached osteoblasts and altered their morphology. Moreover, the ceramic coatings temporarily upregulated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (all of them) and TNF-α (CaO-SiO2). However, overall the levels of the cytokines were low. In contrast, levels of neutrophil-attracting chemokine IL-8 were the highest. IL-8 was produced mostly by cells incubated with hydroxyapatite titanium coating in contrary to those incubated with either bioglass or CaO-SiO2titanium modifications. In conclusion, the titanium coated with ceramics such as hydroxyapatite or bioglass had the best effect on cell adhesion; however, hydroxyapatite might potentially stimulate destructive neutrophils while CaO-SiO2-coating has a negative effect on cell adhesion.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2009, 12, 88; 5-10
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimizing manufacturing conditions of polymer microspheres as cell carriers for modular tissue engineering
Autorzy:
Mielan, Bartosz
Pamuła, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
modular tissue engineering
microspheres
cell culture
oil-in-water emulsification
poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)
Opis:
Microspheres (MS) made of biostable polymer, namely polystyrene, have been used as substrates for cell culture enabling rapid cell expansion in dynamic conditions. However, due to non-resorbability, polystyrene (PS) MS when repopulated with cells cannot be directly used in tissue engineering. Our concept was to produce MS from resorbable polymer – poly(L-lactide- -co-glycolide) (PLGA) as a support for adherent cells, e.g. osteoblasts. We hypothesize that such MS can be applied to the injured site to act as cell carriers or as modules for modular tissue engineering (MTE). In this article, we present the results of optimizing the PLGA MS manufacturing conditions via oil-in-water emulsification. Due to such a technique, MS with the required size, size distribution and properties suitable for cell culturing can be obtained. Three parameters of the oil-in-water emulsification were examined: the stirring speed of a water phase during MS manufacturing, the surfactant concentration, i.e. poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in a water phase and concentration of PLGA in dichloromethane (DCM) as an oil phase. The results proved that the 7.5% PLGA concentration in DCM solution as an oil phase, the 0.5-2% concentration of PVA solution as a water phase and the stirring speed of water phase of 1000 rpm provided MS with the 160 μm mean diameter, which is suitable for cell culture. Moreover, the developed sieving and cleaning procedures were efficient to collect MS with the mean diameter of 280 μm, the more coherent size distribution and the ability to sink in the cell culture medium. The presence on the bottom of cell culture wells is crucial for MTE.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2020, 23, 156; 2-9
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Elektroprzędzone membrany kompozytowe stymulują mineralizację w hodowlach komórek kostnych
Composite electrospun membranes stimulate mineralization in bone cell culture
Autorzy:
Rajzer, I.
Menaszek, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/284107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
podłoża dla inżynierii tkankowej
elektroprzędzone membrany
mineralizacja
różnicowanie komórek
scaffolds for tissue engineering
electrospun membranes
mineralization
cell differentiation
Opis:
Biodegradowalne nanowłókniste membrany poddano badaniom in vitro, pozwalającym na ocenę stopnia różnicowania się i mineralizacji komórek kostnych w obecności potencjalnych podłoży tkankowych. Przedstawione badania oceniają wpływ mikrostruktury i składu chemicznego wytworzonych podłoży na przyczepność, proliferację i morfologię osteoblastów (NHOst). Badania procesu mineralizacji i aktywności ALP pozwoliły na ocenę procesu różnicowania się komórek.
A biodegradable nanofibrous nonwoven membranes were analyzed in vitro as potential scaffolds for differentiation and mineralization of bone cells. In this study we investigate the effects of electrospun membranes microstructure and chemical composition on attachment, proliferation, and morphology of human NHOst osteoblasts. Mineralization process and ALP activity were studied to estimate the cells differentiation.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2012, 15, 113; 35-39
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomaterial modifications and cellular behavior
Autorzy:
Staehlke, S.
Rebl, H.
Nebe, J. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285488.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
biomaterials
cell biology
medical materials
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2017, 20, no. 143 spec. iss.; 16
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface functionalization of open-cell structures with DLC coatings
Autorzy:
Laskowska, Dorota
Bałasz, Błażej
Louda, Peter
Mitura, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844849.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2021, 24, 163; 37
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
In situ-formed bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) as a potential carrier for anchorage-dependent cell cultures
Autorzy:
Komorowski, Piotr
Kołodziejczyk, Agnieszka
Makowski, Krzysztof
Kotarba, Sylwia
Walkowiak, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
bacterial exopolysaccharides
dextran- -based “microcarriers”
scanning electron microscopy
atomic force microscopy
roughness parameters
three-dimensional cell culture
Opis:
The study involved the use of a bacterial strain isolated from environmental samples which produce the biopolymer in the form of pellets in the submerged culture. This material (bacterial exopolysaccharide) is produced by bacteria of the Komogateibacter xylinus which are prevalent in the environment. The aim of this study was to characterize bacterial exopolysaccharides and commercial dextran-based “microcarriers” in terms of their roughness and cell culture effects, including the morphology and viability of the human hybridoma vascular endothelial cell line EA.hy926. The pellets were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic for¬ce microscopy (AFM). The resulting structures were used for cell culture of adherent cells (anchorage¬-dependent cells). At the same time, the cultures with commercial, dextran-based “microcarriers” were carried out for comparative purposes. After com¬pletion of the cell culture (24 hours of culture), the cellulose and commercial “carriers” were analyzed using SEM and AFM. Finally, the obtained cell dens¬ities (fluorescence labelling) and their morphological characteristics (SEM) were compared. The obtained results strongly support the applicability of bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) in tissue engineering to build innovative 3D scaffolds for cell culture, the more so that it is technologically possible to produce EPS as spatially complex structure
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2021, 24, 159; 18-23
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improved adhesion and growth of osteoblast-like MG-63 cells in cultures on titanium modified by gold particles
Autorzy:
Parizek, M.
Base, T.
Hruby, M.
Lisa, V.
Bacakova, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285778.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
metallic materials
titanium
surgical implants
gold microparticles
cell adhesion
cell growth
Opis:
Metallic materials are important for load-bearing bone implants. The osteointegration of these implants can be improved by appropriate surface modifications. Therefore, we present here a study of the cell growth on titanium surfaces modified with films created from gold microparticles. These particles in the form of microplates or polyhedral microcrystals were deposited on titanium plates from ethanol solutions, dried and annealed with a hydrogen flame. Some samples were additionally modified by polyethylene imine. The materials engendered from these modifications were used to investigate the adhesion and growth of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells on these surfaces in the DMEM medium with 10% of fetal bovine serum. One day after seeding, the highest number of initially adhered cells was found on the surfaces modified by both types of gold microparticles. This trend was the same three and seven days after seeding. The numbers of cells on pure Ti and Ti modified only with gold particles were significantly higher than on samples which were modified with polyethylene imine. The cell spreading areas projected on the materials were significantly larger in cells on the samples with polyethylene imine modification. However, the shape of these cells was mostly rounded or star-like with thin and long protrusions, while on the materials without polyethylene imine, it was mostly polygonal. The cell proliferation activity was estimated from XTT test, based on the activity of mitochondrial enzymes. This test showed that the proliferation activities of osteoblast-like MG-63 cells of the 3rd and 7th days of the experiment were more pronounced on the samples modified only by gold microparticles. Immunofluorescence showed that the focal adhesion plaques containing vinculin and the fibers containing β-actin were most apparent, more numerous and more brightly stained in cells on Ti modified by gold microplates and gold polyhedral microcrystals, especially in comparison with the corresponding samples modified with polyethylene imine (Fig. 1). Thus, it can be concluded that the modification of titanium samples by both types of gold microparticles enhanced the adhesion and growth of MG 63 cells.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2013, 16, no. 122-123 spec. iss.; 77
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ reaktywności jonowej biomateriałów na żywotność komórek in vitro
The effect of biomaterials ion reactivity on cell viability in vitro
Autorzy:
Przekora, A.
Kołodyńska, D.
Ginalska, G.
Ślósarczyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285341.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
reaktywność jonowa
kompozyt
cytotoksyczność
hodowla komórek
ion reactivity
composite
cytotoxicity
cell culture
Opis:
Powszechnie wiadomo, że reaktywne jonowo biomateriały indukują różne interakcje z otaczającym środowiskiem, powodując zmiany stężenia jonów, zwłaszcza kluczowych jonów takich jak wapń, magnez i fosfor, co może wpływać na metabolizm i żywotność komórek. Głównym składnikiem części mineralnej kości i zębów jest hydroksyapatyt (HAp) (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). W celu polepszenia własności mechanicznych oraz poręczności chirurgicznej hydroksyapatytu można połączyć go z dodatkowym komponentem organicznym np. polisacharydowym. W niniejszej pracy oznaczano reaktywność jonową oraz cytotoksyczność 2 typów kompozytów na bazie glukanu (kompozytu glukan-HAp i kompozytu glukan-C-HAp) oraz poszczególnych ich składników: wysokoporowatych granul hydroksyapatytu (HAp), wysokoporowatych granul HAp węglanowo-magnezowych (C-HAp) oraz glukanu. Reaktywność jonową testowanych materiałów oznaczono za pomocą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (ASA). Badania in vitro przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem linii komórkowej hFOB 1.19 (ludzkie płodowe osteoblasty) oraz pierwotnej hodowli fibroblastów skóry (HSF). Cytotoksyczność ekstraktów z biomateriałów określono z użyciem 2 testów - MTT i NRU. Wyniki badań wyraźnie wskazały, że dodatek wysokoporowatych granul HAp i C-HAp do glukanu powoduje, że kompozyt jest reaktywny jonowo, co wpływa na metabolizm i żywotność hodowanych komórek.
It is widely known that surface-reactive biomaterials induce various interaction with surrounded environment, causing changes in the ion concentration, especially with respect to the crucial ions such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorous, what may significantly affect the cell metabolism and viability. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is the main inorganic component of bones and teeth. In order to improve mechanical properties and surgical handiness of hydroxyapatite, an organic component e.g. polysaccharide can be added. In this work, the ion reactivity and cytotoxicity of 2 types of glucan-based composites (composite glucan-HAp and composite glucan-C-HAp) were evaluated. Additionally, the ion reactivity and cytotoxicity of each component of the composites: highly porous hydro- xyapatite (HAp), highly porous carbonated-Mg-HAp (C-HAp) and glucan were evaluated. The ion reactivity of tested materials was assessed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). In vitro tests were carried out using hFOB 1.19 cell line (human fetal osteoblast cells) and human skin fibroblast primary cell culture (HSF). The cytotoxicity of biomaterials extracts was estimated by 2 methods - MTT and NRU. Our studies clearly indicated that addition of highly porous HAp and C-HAp granules to the glucan, make the composite ion reactive, what affects the metabolism and viability of cultured cells.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2012, 15, 114; 59-65
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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