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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Where Was the Home of the Livonian Merchant? Early Urban Mobility in the Baltics
    Autorzy:
    Selart, Anti
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1160802.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Hanseatic League
    Livonia
    social relations
    migrations in the Middle Ages
    Opis:
    Medieval Livonia and its town life were created in the 12th and 13th centuries as a result of crusading conquests. Livonian urban elites immigrated mostly from German lands. A small number of people of indigenous origin were also integrated into the emerging merchant class. Besides merchants who settled down in Riga, Tallinn, Tartu, or in other towns in the region, travelling merchants from the western part of the forming Hanseatic area played an important role in the urban life and even in the urban administration. On the basis of anthroponyms and geographical identifications of medieval townspeople, the author of the article argues that the migration patterns were not limited to immigration from Germany to Livonia. The social and spatial integration of this region resulted from multiple ways of travelling and relocation: people also returned to Germany or remained simultaneously connected to several places and sometimes remained permanently mobile. Early Livonian merchants could also be mobile within the area including minor towns and even rural places. Not only the “Germans”, but also people of native origin were involved in these movements. The family networks in particular supported multiple spatial identifications. An economically active person could have many places of identification; moving from one town to another during a lifetime was the rule, not an exception. However, the existing network of family and kinship relations, which provided trustworthy partners in the vast area from Westphalia to Livonia, was probably one of the main factors which made German merchants enjoy an advantage over their Scandinavian and Livonian native counterparts.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 1; 43-66
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wyprawa zbrojna Krzysztofa Radziwiłła „Pioruna” w Inflantach zimą 1579 roku
    The Military Expedition of Krzysztof Radziwiłł „Perkūnas” to Livonia in the Winter of 1579
    Autorzy:
    Łopatecki, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075893.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Itinerarium
    military cartography
    Kirempe
    Dorpat
    Tartu
    Livonia
    the 15th century
    Opis:
    The article presents the Lithuanian expedition carried out in Livonia in the winter of 1579. On the basis of the itinerary [itinerarium] and iconographic and written sources it has been established that three regiments were to act in a coordinated manner to conduct the military action against the Russian Empire. All the three regiments were to set off from Kieś [Wenden] and through different ways reach Dorpat [Tartu] occupied by the Russians. The whole expedition included about 200 cavalry soldiers and about 400 common infantry soldiers [Polish: drab] along with several light artillery and a numerous lager. Owing to the activities undertaken by the three regiments, destructions were much more extensive, more loot was acquired and military successes were more significant – the castle of Kierepeć was conquered. The activity of three separate regiments confused the enemy and prevented them from undertaking the effective defence. The expedition was carried out from 16 February to 6 March, which also affected its outcome. The late winter provided the best conditions for the land communication, while the upcoming thaw made it impossible for the enemy to launch the counter-defence. It resulted in the safe return to Kieś and a lack of Moscovite units sent from Dorpat. To my way of thinking, the winter expedition of 1579 to Livonia was the best example of the manoeuvre art of the Polish-Lithuanian army in the 16th century. The routes of two regiments (the left one and the central one) ran close to each other, while the third one (the right one) had a totally different route entering the Russian lands from the back. The right regiment was commanded by the Oberst [Colonel] of Courland Jürgen Buttler, who conquered the castle of Kierepeć [Kirempe]. The main unit was commanded by Krzysztof Radziwiłł nicknamed “Perkūnas”, who plundered the vicinities of Dorpat. The analysis of the itinerary of 1579 prepared by Krzysztof Radziwiłł indicates that the mile recorded there corresponded to 8 kilometres. The average daily velocity of the expedition Kieś–Dorpat–Kieć amounted to 21.55 km, which corresponded to 2.7 miles. During the expedition the regiments covered from 250 to 310 km, which along with the return journey amounted to 500 km.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 1; 39-67
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kaprzy Augusta II Wettina w latach 1700–1701 w świetle nieznanych szwedzkich poloników wojennomorskich
    Privateers of Augustus II in 1700–1701 in the Light of the Previously Unknown Polish Maritime Warfare Sources from Sweden
    Autorzy:
    Kuczyński, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388100.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Great Northern War (1700–1721)
    privateer fleet
    navy
    Augustus II
    Polska
    Saxony
    Courland
    Livonia
    the Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    During the war with Sweden in Livonia in 1700, Augustus II decided to call up his own privateer flotilla. The most information about its activities can be found in the legacy of the Swedish commissioner in Gdańsk, Per Cuypercrona, kept at the Riksarkivet in Stockholm. In the late 1700s and early 1701s, he reported to Charles XII on the activities of the Polish privateers from the base in Puck. The first researcher to study this issue was Przemysław Smolarek in the 1950s. He concluded that the establishment of the flotilla in the autumn of 1700 was not part of a broader policy, but an ad hoc decision prompted by the withdrawal of the Danes from the Northern War as a result of the Peace of Travendal. However, Smolarek did not manage to access all records related to privateers, including copies of privateer patents issued by Augustus II and the Saxon resident in Copenhagen, Johann de Schade. Another analysis of Cuypercron’s legacy led to their discovery. The purpose of the article is to discuss and analyse the aforementioned materials. According to these sources, the establishment of the privateer flotilla by August II took place earlier, on 15 August 1700, i.e. before the Danish surrender, and the main area of their activity was the coasts of Courland and Livonia.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2023, 88, 1; 5-23
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Enn Tarvel’s International Reach Through His Works on the Polish Rule in Livonia
    Autorzy:
    Seppel, Marten
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388145.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Enn Tarvel
    Polish rule in Livonia
    Soviet academic system
    agrarian history
    Marxist-Leninist historiography
    Polish-Estonian scholarly cooperation
    Opis:
    Enn Tarvel (1932–2021) is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most erudite Estonian historians. His expertise encompassed a wide range of historical topics, including medieval and early modern history, with a particular focus on the Polish rule in Livonia. This article provides insights into Tarvel’s educational background, his self-taught approach to research, and the challenges he faced during his career due to his reluctance to join the party. Despite his significant impact on Estonian scholarship, Tarvel’s international reach was somewhat limited due to the constraints of the Soviet academic system. Notably, Poland played a crucial role in his academic career. Tarvel’s first dissertation, later published as a book, focused on the management of Polish state manors and the peasantry in southern Estonia during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. This research earned him recognition in Estonia and abroad, particularly in the Eastern Bloc. Tarvel was one of the first Estonian historians to submit his contributions to Polish historical journals. He published articles and other pieces in, for example, Kwartalnik Historyczny and Zapiski Historyczne. The vital role played by his Polish contacts for his academic development is emphasised not only by those articles but also by his research stays in Poland in 1959 and 1969 and his correspondence with Polish scholars in the 1960s and 1970s. Access to Polish archives and libraries facilitated his meticulous research. Tarvel also participated in numerous international conferences. However, he was not always able to attend them due to the constraints imposed by the Soviet regime.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2023, 88, 4; 93-117
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Hylzenowie w Gdańsku. Szkic do dziejów elit dawnego województwa inflanckiego
    The Hylzen family in Gdansk: the outline of the history of the elites of the old Livonian province (voivodeship)
    Autorzy:
    Jeziorski, Paweł A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193709.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Polish Livonia
    the Duchy of Livonia
    Pomerania
    Royal Prussia
    political elites of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of Nations
    the property of noblemen in the city
    noblemen’s property
    royal domains
    the 18th century
    the abbey of Oliwa
    the starosty of Parchowo
    Polish-Lithuanian magnates
    Opis:
    The Hylzens, connected with the Duchy of Livonia, became members of the political elite of the Polish-Lithuanian state in the mid-18th century. Owning extensive lands in so-called Polish Livonia and in the north of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in the times of Johan August Hylzen (from 1754 the governor of Minsk) they acquired estates in Pomerania near Gdansk and in Gdansk. In the years 1730–1738 Johan August held the emphyteusis of “Polanka Quellbrun” belonging to the abbey of Oliwa; in 1752 he leased another estate which was part of the abbey – “Konnertshammer” (“Konradshammer”). From 1757 (1756?) he also leased a property located in Nowe Ogrody of Gdansk, which was recorded in the Gdansk land register under the name of his wife Konstancja née Plater (died in 1795) as a hereditary property (in 1767 after Johan August’s death) after he had received the Prussian ius indigenatus in 1766 shortly before his death. After the rocky period of the Bar Confederation, the palace situated here served as a shelter for Konstancja and her sons – Józef Jerzy and Justynian Gracjan. At the turn of 1756 and 1757 Johan August with his wife acquired the starosty of Parchowow, which they lost in 1772. All the estates situated in Gdansk and Pomerania were passed to Tadeusz Mostowski by the last of the Polish-Livonian Hylzens – Idzi (about 1769–1800) and his wife Marie née Brzostowska on the strength of the agreements concluded in 1797. Johan August was interested in maintaining contacts with Pomerania and deposited large sums of money of Gdansk banks. Unfortunately, it has not been established yet what his plans concerning this economically developed region were.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2015, 80, 3; 151-168
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Oblężenie i kapitulacja twierdzy Kokenhauzen (2–7 X 1700)
    The Siege and Capitulation of the Kokenhausen Fortress
    Autorzy:
    Trąbski, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065072.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    the Great Northern War
    Livonia
    Kokenhausen
    early modern military art
    siege
    capitulation
    August II Wettin
    Adam Heinrich von Steinau
    the year 1700
    Opis:
    The conquest of the Kokenhausen Fortress in October 1700 was the last act of an eight-month campaign conducted by the army of August II in the territory of Swedish Livonia. After the disgrace related to the premature abandonment of the siege of Riga (the main target of this campaign), it was a significant military and political success. Kokenhausen could have been a convenient bridgehead for the Saxon troops on the right bank of the Daugava River and a potential operational base to launch military operations in the Swedish province in the spring of the following year. At the same time, the conquest of this fortress made it possible to use the Daugava River to transport heavy cannons and ammunition from the Russian border to Riga. In addition, this success could be used for propaganda purposes. Tsar Peter I received the confirmation that August II had maintained the anti-Swedish alliance, thanks to which in Warsaw it was possible to strive for Poland’s joining the war against Sweden. In the publications devoted to the Great Northern War the information on this event is mostly scarce, and often contradictory, making the image of the siege and capitulation of the Kokenhausen Fortress look unclear and raise doubts. The reason seems to be the lack of information from a direct source, and the authors’ reliance on indirect sources (e.g. press coverage). Below, a new attempt to present the circumstances of the conquest of Kokenhausen by the army of August II will be presented; it was prepared primarily on the basis of a letter written in the Saxon army camp on 9 October 1700, probably by the court treasurer Atanazy Miączyński, and works of two French historians: Pierre Massuet – Histoire des rois de Pologne, et du gouvernement de ce Royaume […] and Jean-Baptiste de Parthenay – History of the reign of the Polish king Frederic August II […], which come from the 1730s.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 3; 59-82
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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