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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Polscy górnicy w Estonii w latach 1937–1939
    Polish Miners in Estonia between 1937 and 1939
    Autorzy:
    Grzybowski, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197801.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Estonia
    Polska
    interwar period
    Kiviõli
    diplomacy
    labour migration
    Polish miners
    Opis:
    The purpose of the publication is to present the fate of Polish miners in Estonia between 1937 and 1939. Until now, this topic has only been hinted at by some Polish historians while doing other research. This article is based on Polish and Estonian documents which are kept in the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and the National Archives of Estonia in Tallinn, respectively. This allowed the Polish and Estonian viewpoints on the subject to be compared. Taking into account the state of research on the discussed topic, the article presents such issues as the genesis, course and consequences of the emigration of Polish miners to Estonia. The analysis of Polish and Estonian documents indicates that the main reason for labour migration from Poland to Estonia was material deprivation, which went hand in hand with access to the foreign labour market. Lack of work opportunities and poverty in Poland forced miners to seek work abroad. At the same time, economic changes in Estonia during the interwar period led to the emergence of new industries in the country, the most important of which was the fuel industry. Estonia needed foreign miners to work in shale mines. Poland was the only country that supplied Estonia with miners, as the budding Estonian oil industry was unable to meet the demands for skilled professionals from Western Europe.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 3; 101-122
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Lloyd Bydgoski w latach 1920–1939. Próby wyprowadzenia przedsiębiorstwa z kryzysu
    Lloyd Bydgoski Inc. in the Period of 1920–1939: Attempts to Bring the Company out of the Crisis
    Autorzy:
    Siemianowski, Jordan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1058011.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    economic history
    inland shipping
    interwar period
    Bydgoszcz
    Bydgoszcz Canal
    Great Depression
    Opis:
    Lloyd Bydgoski Inc. was the largest inland shipping company in Poland during the interwar period. It was established in 1891 on the foundations of a pre-existing German shipping company. After the end of the First World War, the development of the company accelerated through the use of the Bydgoszcz Canal and the timber port in Bydgoszcz. However, the transition from Prussian jurisdiction to the re-established Polish state caused considerable problems for the company. The aim of this article is to analyse and evaluate the management policy of Lloyd Bydgoski Inc. under new conditions, namely in the Second Polish Republic. As it turned out, almost throughout the entire interwar period, the company from Bydgoszcz was in serious financial trouble, which cannot be entirely accounted for by the world economic crisis of 1929–1933. This raises the question about the purpose of the company’s activity in the face of considerable financial losses. To conduct the analysis, various archival documents kept in the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and in the State Archives in Bydgoszcz, which have not been given sufficient consideration so far, were studied. It has been proven that the management of Lloyd Bydgoski Inc. took the right steps in the years 1926–1929, that is the only period when the company made a profit. The company from Bydgoszcz was forced to face two economic crises: global and internal. The latter was caused by incompetence and wastefulness on the part of the company’s management. The company survived until the outbreak of the Second World War. Unfortunately, the decline in importance of the Bydgoszcz Canal and Bydgoszcz itself in favour of Toruń meant that Lloyd Bydgoski Inc. did not manage to regain its former significance during the interwar period.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 1; 85-109
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zróżnicowanie kierunków odpływu ludności z rolnictwa na Pomorzu Zachodnim w latach 1928–1929
    Diversification of the Directions of Population Outflow from Agriculture in Western Pomerania in 1928–1929
    Autorzy:
    Chojecki, Dariusz K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1159991.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Landflucht
    village
    migrations
    Pomeranian province
    Provinz
    Pommern
    interwar period
    Wrocław taxonomy
    Opis:
    The article presents the diversity of directions of emigration from agriculture in Western Pomerania in the late 1920s. The source basis was a unique survey conducted by the West Pomeranian Chamber of Agriculture. It provided information on approximately 16 000 people participating in the escape from the countryside (Landflucht). The results of these studies have become of interest to the International Labor Office in Geneva and the International Institute of Agriculture in Rome. With the help of the Wrocław and cartographic taxonomy method, the author of the article set himself the goal of verifying the findings of Werner Jacobi. He considered the studied phenomenon at the level of land counties (Landkreise). He presented the factors shaping the clusters and spatial nature of the structures of directions of emigration, also indicating the similarities and differences in the development of the phenomenon within the regions of the Pomeranian province (Jacobi’s research unit in the whole region).
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 2; 83-122
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pomorze w roku 1920 w perspektywie integracji z Rzeczpospolitą
    Pomerania in 1920: The Prospect of Integration with the Republic of Poland
    Autorzy:
    Olstowski, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1366383.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Pomerania
    Pomeranian Voivodeship
    return of Pomerania to Poland
    integration
    unification
    interwar period
    Opis:
    In January and February 1920 the Polish Army and civil administration annexed the greater part of the Vistula Pomerania to the Republic of Poland, which had been granted to it by the decision of the Paris Peace Conference of 28 June 1919. The centenary of the return of Pomerania to Poland, celebrated in 2020, becomes an impulse for the reflections on the events that took place during the first year that Pomerania belonged to Poland, and their significance for the integration of this region and its society into the Republic of Poland. With a review of historical research and analysis of published and archival sources as a starting point, the article provides a comprehensive account of the problems related to the incorporation of Pomerania into the Polish statehood in 1920, which affected the Polish, Kashubian and German populations in different ways. They were mainly associated with the frail Polish administration established from scratch, the lawlessness brought about by undisciplined military units stationed in Pomerania, as well as the policy of the state authorities aimed at the economic unification of this region with Poland. These phenomena were accompanied by changes in nationality structure and economic ownership, which resulted from the departure of the majority of German population to the Reich, and the war with Soviet Russia. The negative experiences during the first year of unification with Poland were largely unavoidable. However, their long-term consequences, the most serious of which was an increase in the sense of separate and distinctive regional identity among the inhabitants of Pomerania, had an inhibiting effect on the process of integrating Pomerania into the Republic of Poland during the interwar period.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 2; 5-32
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polityczna działalność Misji Wojskowo-Dyplomatycznej Białoruskiej Republiki Ludowej w Rydze w latach 1918–1921
    Political Activity of the Military and Diplomatic Mission of the Belarusian People’s Republic in Riga in 1918–1921
    Autorzy:
    Michaluk, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1287158.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Belarus
    Latvia
    Belarusian People’s Republic
    Military and Diplomatic Mission
    diplomacy
    international relations
    interwar period
    Opis:
    So far in the historical studies, the activity of the Military and Diplomatic Mission of the Belarusian People’s Republic in Riga has appeared in the context of relations between Belarus and Latvia during the period of the formation of new states in Eastern Europe after the fall of the Russian Empire, the organisation of Belarusian military units in Latvia, and the activity of General Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz. The aim of the article is to analyse the political activity of the Mission that covered the territory of Latvia, Estonia and, to a lesser extent, Finland, against the background of the dynamic political and military situation on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in 1918–1921. The study uses a critical analysis of documents and letters relevant for the history of the Mission. Its findings lead to the conclusion that the most important achievements of the Mission were: obtaining de jure recognition of the Belarusian People’s Republic by Finland and initiating the creation of the Belarusian armed forces on the basis of General Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz’s Special Unit, which fought against the Red Army. However, attempts to gain support for Belarusian independence from Great Britain failed.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 2; 57-95
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wojewodowie pomorscy w latach II Rzeczypospolitej (1920–1939). Szkic do portretu zbiorowego
    Pomeranian governors in the years of the Second Polish Republic (1920–1939). The outline for a collective portrait
    Autorzy:
    Olstowski, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193852.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Pomerania
    the Pomerania voivodeship
    officials of the territorial administration
    government administration
    home policy
    the interwar period
    Opis:
    In the Second Polish Republic, the governors (voivodes) were the most important officials of the territorial administration. They managed the general administration consolidated in the provincial office; from 1928 their authority in supervising the administration not consolidated in the voivodeship strengthened. Following the guidelines of the central authorities, they exerted influence on the form of national, social and economic policy; after the May coup d’etat in 1926 they also affected the shape of political relations in their provinces. The seven governors of Pomerania in the years 1920–1939 reflected the traditions of the three partitions of Poland, various perspectives of individual roads to independence, and the changing tendencies in home policy in the Second Polish Republic.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2015, 80, 3; 273-286
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wzlot i upadek wojewody pomorskiego Wiktora Lamota (1928–1931). Z dziejów pomajowej elity władzy
    The rise and fall of the Pomeranian governor Wiktor Lamot (1928–1931). From the history of the power elites after the May coup d’etat
    Autorzy:
    Olstowski, Przemysław
    Łaszkiewicz, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193922.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Interwar period in Poland
    Offices
    the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation
    with the Government
    the May Coup d’Etat 1926
    Opis:
    The case of Wiktor Lamot, as opposed to the careers of other governors in Poland after the May coup d’etat, is worth a closer analysis. Prior to taking over the position of the head of the provincial office in Torun in August 1928 – after the sudden death of the first Pomeranian governor Kazimierz Mlodzianowski – Lamot had held the position of starost in Pińczów. Such a rapid promotion was still quite rare in the state administration of the Second Polish Republic. As the Pomeranian governor, he had to face the sharper policy towards the political opposition run by the authorities after the May coup d’etat. This greatly affected his work in Pomerania during the years 1928–1931. Apart from administering the province in an effective manner, the authorities in Warsaw demanded that he take decisive steps to develop the influence of new political circles and to reduce the influence of the opposition. He was the first Pomeranian governor after May 1926 to take such measures on a large scale. His term of office was characterised by changes of personnel in the state administration, the administration of justice, the extension – per fas et nef as – the structures of the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government along with the restrictive measures against the opposition press. All the above mentioned factors have shaped the historical memory of Wiktor Lamot and the way his term of office was evaluated in historiography, particularly in the period of the Polish People’s Republic. However, it is beyond doubt that the negative press campaign against him contributed to his being dismissed from his position as governor in November 1931.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 1; 97-130
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Economic Policy of the Prussian State in the Interwar Period and the Operations of the Port Community and the Port Company in Szczecin
    Autorzy:
    Włodarczyk, Edward
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1059102.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    weimar republic
    third reich
    prussian state
    economic history
    state involvement in the economy
    business entities
    business sector
    port cities
    port of szczecin
    interwar period
    Opis:
    The article is an attempt at addressing the question of the Prussian State’s involvement in the economy during the interwar period, as it was first one of the constituent states of the Weimar Republic and then a part of the Third Reich. After the First World War, the economic and social problems of Prussia resulted from the general difficult situation of Germany. However, Prussia in particular suffered serious territorial losses in the east of the country. Many petitions and requests demanding the state’s active involvement in solving economic and socio-demographic problems were addressed to the Prussian government. A very important premise for this involvement was the political motivation and willingness to solve the ongoing problems indicated by the economic sector and local administration. The investment of the state’s financial resources into the Port of Szczecin and the establishment of the Port Community of Szczecin was conditioned, on the one hand, by the failure of negotiations with the City-State of Hamburg to establish a similar port community. On the other hand, it stressed the importance that the Port of Szczecin acquired during the First World War. As a result of the Prussian State’s involvement, investments of at least several million marks worth were made in the port. The change in the form of cooperation between the state and the City of Szczecin in terms of managing the port, which took place in 1929, led to the creation of the Port Company in Szczecin. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the amount of funds that the Prussian State allocated to the Port of Szczecin was limited. During the Nazi period, some more costly investment projects in the Port of Szczecin were drafted but they were never implemented.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2020, 85, 4; 111-129
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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