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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    The Gazprom Case: Lessons of the Past For the Future
    Autorzy:
    Višinskienė, Dalia
    Nasutavičienė, Justina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530361.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    commitments
    concentrations
    EU competition law
    Law on Competition of the Republic of Lithuania
    Merger Regulation
    the Gazprom case
    Opis:
    Under the EU Merger Regulation, if the Commission has concerns that a merger may significantly affect competition in the European Union, the merging companies may propose modifications to the project that would guarantee continued competition on the market. The Commission may declare a concentration compatible with the common market following such a modification by the parties and attach to its decision conditions and obligations intended to ensure that the undertakings comply with the commitments. In other words, commitments have to be offered by the parties but the Commission may introduce conditions and obligations if they are required to ensure the enforceability of commitments. Meanwhile the scope to propose merger modifications and the level of discretion of the competition authority are quite different under the Law on Competition of the Republic of Lithuania, adopted almost two decades ago. The goal of this paper is to reveal those differences and, with the help of the jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania in the Gazprom case, to explain how this may impact future cases.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(16); 33-56
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Implementing the ECN+ Directive in Lithuania: Towards an Over-enforcement of Competition Law?
    Autorzy:
    Surblytė-Namavičienė, Gintarė
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159144.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    ECN+ Directive
    Lithuanian Law on Competition
    commitment
    decision
    structural remedies
    association of undertakings
    parental liability
    leniency
    interim measures
    Opis:
    In 2018, the ECN+ Directive was issued with a goal to grant stronger powers to national competition authorities while enforcing competition law. This article analyses how the legal provisions of the ECN+ Directive have already been implemented in the Lithuanian Law on Competition, and considers what further changes may need to be made in order to fully implement the ECN+ Directive in the national law. It elaborates on the legal challenges while implementing the aforementioned Directive and provides a critical view on some of the amendments that have already been made.
    En 2018, la directive ECN+ a été adoptée pour conférer des pouvoirs renforcés aux autorités nationales de concurrence dans le cadre de l’application du droit de la concurrence. Cet article analyse comment les dispositions juridiques de la directive ECN+ ont déjà été transposées dans la loi lituanienne sur la concurrence et examine les modifications supplémentaires qui pourraient être nécessaires pour transposer intégralement la directive ECN+ dans le droit national. Il présente en détail les difficultés juridiques rencontrées lors de la mise en oeuvre de la directive susmentionnée et donne un avis critique sur certaines des modifications qui ont déjà été apportées.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 20; 173-204
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Development of Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Lithuania
    Autorzy:
    Moisejevas, Raimundas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529902.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    antitrust damage
    antitrust damage claims
    Directive on antitrust damages actions
    evidence
    follow-on action
    Lithuania
    nullity
    private enforcement of competition law
    public enforcement of competition law
    Opis:
    The article reviews the jurisprudence of Lithuanian courts on private enforcement of competition law and identifies the main obstacles for the development of this practice. The analysis of the jurisprudence makes it possible to summarise that: most rulings of the Lithuanian courts relate to cases on the abuse of dominance; usually, dominant undertakings were allegedly applying discriminatory conditions towards the injured party and; most of the claims were presented as follow-on actions after a decision of the Competition Council. The courts held that damages caused by a breach of competition law have to be recovered in accordance with Lithuania’s main principles of civil responsibility. At the same time, the courts made it clear that their jurisprudence is based on the rulings of European Courts and the main principles of EU competition law. The main obstacles for the successful development of antitrust damages claims in Lithuania are, inter alia: complexity of competition cases; difficulty in obtaining substantive evidence; proving a consequential relationship and; high legal costs. The article also analyses substantial and procedural provisions of Lithuanian legislation that regulate the submission of antitrust damage claims.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(11); 35-52
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Principles of Article 102(c) TFEU in Cases of Non-exclusionary Secondary Line Discrimination on Grounds Other than Nationality Case Comment to the Judgment of EU Court of Justice of 19 April 2018 Meo-Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia (C-525/16)
    Autorzy:
    Szczodrowski, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159163.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    competition law
    antitrust
    discrimination
    competitive disadvantage
    discrimination on the grounds of nationality
    Opis:
    Although the instances of application of Article 102(c) TFEU can hardly be described as rare, to date it has been applied to essentially two sets of diverging situations, namely to discrimination on grounds of nationality on the one hand, and other forms of discrimination on the other. While there is a relatively high number of instances of the former category of applications, and the criteria of the application of Article 102(c) TFEU to such situations seem straightforward, fewer cases exist in which Article 102(c) TFEU was applied to non-exclusionary secondary line discrimination on grounds other than nationality, and the criteria of application are arguably less clear. The judgment in case C-525/16 MEO represents a significant, yet not a revolutionary step in its interpretation. While in some respects, it may be seen as bringing some novelty (for example, the delineation of the respective scopes of application of Article 102(b) and Article 102(c) TFEU), in others (that is, the notion of competitive disadvantage), it rather confirms the principles which have been previously established. Arguably, the Court’s teaching on the elements which the competition authorities and courts across the EU may have at their disposal to establish the existence of competitive disadvantage, within the meaning of Article 102(c) TFEU, is open to various interpretations. Yet it does to a certain extent shape the toolkit that these authorities and courts may have at their disposal and leaves some room for reasonable welfare related arguments.
    Bien que les cas d’application de l’article 102, point c), du TFUE puissant difficilement être considérés comme rares, ils ont été appliqués jusqu’à present à deux ensembles de situations essentiellement différentes: la discrimination fondée sur la nationalité, d’une part, et les autres formes de discrimination, d’autre part. Si le nombre de cas de la première catégorie de demandes est relativement élevé et si les critères d’application de l’article 102, point c), du TFUE à de tells situations semblent simples, il existe moins de cas où l’article 102, point c), du TFUE a été appliqué à une discrimination secondaire non exclusive fondée sur des motifs autres que la nationalité, et les critères d’application sont sans doute moins clairs. La décision rendue dans l’affaire C-525/16 MEO représente une étape importante, mais non révolutionnaire. Elle peut être considérée, à certains égards, comme apportant une certaine nouveauté (par exemple, la delimitation des champs d’application respectifs de l’article 102, point b), et de l’article 102, point c), du TFUE), mais elle confirme plutôt les principes qui ont été établis antérieurement (i.e., la notion de désavantage concurrentiel). L’enseignement de la Cour sur les éléments dont les autorités de concurrence et les juridictions de l’UE peuvent disposer pour établir l’existence d’un désavantage concurrentiel, au sens de l’article 102, point c), du TFUE, peut sans doute être interprété de diverses manières. Pourtant, elle détermine dans une certaine mesure les instruments don’t les autorités et les tribunaux peuvent disposer et laisse une certaine place à des arguments raisonnables liés au bien-être.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 20; 269-278
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    2008 and 2009 EU Competition Law and Sector-specific Regulatory Case Law Developments with a Nexus to Poland
    Autorzy:
    Kośka, Dagmara
    Kuik, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530025.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    Access Directive
    active ingredient
    airline industry
    antitrust
    bankruptcy
    broadband
    collective management
    competition law
    copyright
    divestiture
    e-communications
    economic crisis
    electronic communications
    EU competition law
    European Commission
    fine
    Framework Directive
    full-function joint venture
    insurance
    interconnection
    interim measures
    liquidation
    merger
    national regulatory authority
    NRA
    patent
    performing right
    pharmaceutical industry
    pharmaceutical sector inquiry
    Polish Law on telecommunications
    Polish shipyards
    recovery decision
    recovery of the aid
    regional aid
    remedies
    reproduction right
    restructuring aid
    State aid
    subscriber
    Opis:
    The 2008 issue of YARS contained an overview of EU law developments in the period of time from 2004 to 2007. This overview covers the years 2008-2009. It confirms that State aid cases remained numerous (6 in total) and that the Commission’s enforcement activities in the area of State aid control continued at a similar pace as before. With respect to other areas of competition law and policy, the overall picture shows a relatively high level of scrutiny in mergers (5) and antitrust cases or inquiries (2). Moreover, EU Courts adopted several decisions in Polish cases, notably in the regulatory field (electronic communications) and State aid control (partial annulment in Huta Częstochowa (Operator) as well as the rejection of a request for interim measures in Technologie Buczek). The regulatory court cases show the Commission’s consistency in pursuing Member States in their failure to implement or to correctly implement the EU Electronic Communications package. In the state aid related Huta Częstochowa (Operator) judgement, the General Court (GC, formerly the Court of First Instance, CFI) partially annulled the scrutinised Commission decision since the Commission failed to identify the actual benefit related to the receipt of the aid in question. The jury is still out in the case concerning Technologie Buczek because the interim measures judgement says little about the potential outcome of the pending main appeals.
    Le YARS de 2008 contenait un aperçu des développements du droit de l'UE pendant la période de 2004 à 2007, alors que celui-ci couvre les années 2008-2009. Il confirme que les cas d'aides d'État sont restés nombreux (6 au total) et que la mise en œuvre du contrôle des aides d'État par la Commission a continué au même rythme. En ce qui concerne les autres secteurs du droit de la concurrence et de la politique de concurrence, le nombre de contrôles des concentrations et des cas ou des enquêtes antitrust est relativement élevé (2). En outre, les cours de l'UE ont rendu plusieurs arrêts dans des cas polonais, notamment dans le domaine réglementaire (communications électroniques) et du contrôle d'aides d'État (l'annulation partielle dans Huta Częstochowa (opérateur) ainsi que le rejet d'une demande de mesures provisoires dans Technologie Buczek). Les arrêts dans le domaine réglementaire montrent la cohérence de la Commission dans les actions contre les États membres qui ont manqué à leur obligation de mettre en oeuvre, ou de mettre en œuvre correctement, le Paquet Télécom de l'UE. Dans l'arrêt Huta Częstochowa (opérateur) concernant les aides d'État, le Tribunal (précédemment le Tribunal de Première Instance, TPI) a partiellement annulé la décision de la Commission puisque la Commission n'a pas réussi à identifier l'avantage réel de la réception de l'aide en question. Le jury est toujours en train de délibérer dans le cas concernant Technologie Buczek parce que l'arrêt sur les mesures provisoires dit peu sur les résultats potentiels des appels principaux en cours.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2010, 3(3); 179-211
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ten Years in the European Union – Selected Remarks Related to the Harmonisation of Slovak Competition Law with EU Competition Law
    Autorzy:
    Králičková, Barbora
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530137.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    Slovak Republic
    competition law
    development of the Slovak competition regulatio
    Act on the Protection of Competition
    harmonisation with European law
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the application of competition law in the Slovak Republic since it became a member of the European Union 10 years ago. Special emphasis is placed on selected problems and questions which arose in the application of European competition rules and the need for an adjustment of Slovak competition legislation to EU requirements. The paper presents the relevant amendments in the Slovak Competition Act and analyses in detail their background. Slovak competition law has undergone many changes in the past 10 years, not always without problems. The aim of this paper is to identify the most important of those difficulties and explain why they have occurred. The correct application of national and EU competition rules by Slovak courts has proven to be one of the biggest challenge here, ultimately even causing the European Commission to intervene as amicus curiae. The actions taken by the European Commission in relation to competition matters within the Slovak Republic, and its resulting recommendations, will also be considered. The paper will outline how Slovak competition law has been step-by-step increasing its harmonisation with EU competition law over the last 10 years. Indeed, it is now possible to claim that Slovak competition legislation is fully harmonised with the rules of the European Union. The paper will thus mainly focus on those elements of Slovak law which can give a clear picture of the state of convergence of both legal systems. Nevertheless, the end of the road has not yet been reached. Further harmonisation of selected current topics within Slovak competition law will need to be assessed also. It will also be necessary to analyse which direction should Slovak competition law take in the future with regard to current EU trends. These issues include the need to find a balance between the protection of business secrets and the right of procedural parties to due process, especially in connection with the protection of leniency documents.
    Cette contribution vise à fournir un aperçu de l'application de la loi sur la concurrence de la République slovaque au cours des 10 dernières années - depuis l'époque d’adhésion de la Slovaquie à l'UE. L’accent particulier est mis sur certains problèmes et questions qui se posent dans l'application des règles de concurrence de l'UE et sur la nécessité d'une adaptation du droit slovaque de la concurrence aux exigences de l'UE. Cet article présentera les changements pertinents dans la Loi slovaque sur la concurrence aussi qu’un analyse détaillé de l'arrière-plan de ces changements. Au cours des 10 dernières années, la loi slovaque de la concurrence a subi de nombreux changements – pas toujours sans problèmes. Le présent article tentera d'identifier les problèmes principaux et donner au lecteur une explication quant à la raison pour laquelle ils ont eu lieu. Dans ce sens-là, l'un des plus grands problèmes est la bonne application des règles nationales et communautaires de concurrence par les juridictions slovaques au moment de décider sur des affaires relatives à la concurrence. Cela a même abouti à la nécessité pour la Commission européenne d'intervenir comme un amicus curiae. Cet article vise également à fournir une analyse des actions de la Commission européenne en ce qui concerne les questions de concurrence en Slovaquie et les recommandations qui en découlent. Le présent article tente de présenter la manière dont le droit slovaque de la concurrence a suivi, étape par étape, un chemin vers l'harmonisation avec le droit communautaire de la concurrence au cours des 10 dernières années. Aujourd'hui, nous pouvons déjà affirmer que la réglementation juridique slovaque de droit de la concurrence est entièrement harmonisée avec la réglementation juridique de l'UE. Par conséquent, nous concentrerons notre attention sur les points dans la loi slovaque qui peuvent donner une image claire de la convergence de ces deux règlements juridiques. Néanmoins, nous ne sommes pas encore à la fin de la route. L'harmonisation supplémentaire de certains sujets actuels dans le droit slovaque de la concurrence devra être évaluée et il sera nécessaire d'analyser la direction vers l'avenir, en particulier ce qui sera le meilleur pour le droit de la concurrence slovaque en ce qui concerne les tendances actuelles dans le droit de la concurrence de l'UE. Parmi ces questions, il y a une nécessité d'un équilibre entre la protection des secrets d'affaires et le droit des participants à la procédure de concurrence pour un procès équitable, en particulier dans le cadre de la protection des documents de clémence.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2014, 7(9); 125-139
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Passing-on of Overcharges and the Implementation of the Damages Directive in CEE Countries
    Autorzy:
    Moisejevas, Raimundas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    antitrust damage
    consumers
    passing-on of overcharges
    Lithuania
    private enforcement of competition law
    antitrust damage claims
    Directive on antitrust damages actions
    calculation of damages
    Opis:
    The article focuses on the concept of passing-on of overcharges and the peculiarities of its regulation by the Damages Directive. The Damages Directive obliges Member States to ensure that the defendant in an action for damages may invoke the passing-on defence. Moreover, the Directive establishes the new framework and the main principles that govern the application of the passing-on defence. The national case law on passing-on is very insignificant in Central and Eastern European countries and many questions are expected to be raised in the courts of the CEE Member States. While discussing the concept of passing-on in the Damages Directive, a lot of emphasis should be paid to the issue of causation. Causation will definitely be the subject of most of the questions in cases when an indirect purchaser will bring a claim for damages. Causation may be tricky when an indirect purchaser claims it suffered an ‘overcharge harm’ because of passing-on. In most cases, the issue of causation will be decided mainly by national courts based on national procedural rules. Depending on the situation, passing-on may be used as a basis for the claim (as a ‘sword’) or as a defence (as a ‘shield’). It could be used as a basis for the claim by an indirect purchaser, in case s/he has suffered any harm because of the illegal actions of a cartelist or a dominant company. At the same time, it could be used as a defence by the infringer against a claim for damages. The article also analyses the specifics of the implementation of the Directive into the national laws of CEE Member States.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 133-146
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polish Leniency Programme and its Intersection with Private Enforcement of Competition Law
    Autorzy:
    Rumak, Ewelina
    Sitarek, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530375.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    competition law
    leniency
    whistle-blowing
    cartels
    private enforcement
    discovery
    protection of applications
    follow-on actions
    scope of damages
    Opis:
    This paper is devoted to the Polish leniency programme, including the conditions of obtaining lenient treatment and the applicable procedure. The type, scope and form of information that must be submitted are commented on as well as the marker system and summary applications. The intersection of the leniency scheme with private enforcement of antitrust rules is discussed in detail. Special attention is devoted to the possible ways in which private antitrust plaintiffs might access information submitted to the UOKiK by leniency applicants. Thoroughly analysed are the rules regulating the possibility of obtaining relevant documents from the UOKiK and from the defendant in the course of civil proceedings as well as the status of the administrative decision in subsequent civil litigation. The paper covers also the scope of the leniency recipient’s civil liability and touches upon the possible ways in which it could be limited to enhance the effectiveness of the leniency scheme. Some suggestions de lege ferenda are also provided concerning the means of increasing this effectiveness without prejudice to the private parties’ right to compensation.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2009, 2(2); 99-123
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Heading Towards an Effective Mechanism for the Protection of Collective Interests of Consumers – Some Comments on the Proposal for a Directive on Representative Actions
    Autorzy:
    Mucha, Jagna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159146.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    collective redress
    collective interests of consumers
    consumer law
    law
    enforcement
    class action
    representative actions
    directive 2009/22/EC
    Proposal
    for a Directive on the representative actions
    A New Deal for Consumers
    action
    for an injunction
    Opis:
    In April 2018, the European Commission introduced a long awaited Proposal for a Directive on represented actions, which aims to modernize the existing European collective redress system. The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether the solutions put forward in this Proposal will improve the landscape of collective redress in the EU. For this purpose, I analyse the existing model of collective consumer redress in the EU, as set forth by Directive 98/27/EC, Directive 2009/22/ EC and Recommendation 2013/396/EU; I also evaluate it from the perspective of its functionality with special consideration of key problematic issues. Against this background, I present the legal provisions put forward in the Proposal for a Directive on representative actions. The comparison of both legal structures makes it possible to give an answer to the question whether the proposed legislation can remedy the existing problems of the collective redress system and, thus, to answer the question whether it will contribute to strengthening the mechanism for the protection of collective consumer interests in the EU.
    La Commission européenne a présenté en avril 2018 une proposition de directive tant attendue sur les actions représentées, qui vise à moderniser le système européen de recours collectif en vigueur. L’objectif du présent article est de déterminer si les solutions proposées dans la proposition amélioreront le cadre des recours collectifs dans l’UE. A cette fin, l’article analyse le modèle existant de recours collectif des consommateurs dans l’UE, tel qu’il est défini par la directive 98/27/CE, la directive 2009/22/CE et la recommandation 2013/396/UE; il l’évalue également du point de vue de sa fonctionnalité en accordant une attention particulière aux questions problématiques essentielles. Dans ce contexte, l’article décrit les dispositions juridiques avancées dans la proposition de directive relative aux actions représentatives. La comparaison des deux structures juridiques permet de répondre à la question si la législation proposée peut remédier aux problems existants du système de recours collectif et, partant, si elle contribuera à renforcer le mécanisme de protection des intérêts collectifs des consommateurs dans l’UE.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 20; 205-230
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Proving the Grounds for Compensation – Reflections on Private Enforcement in the Polish Cement Cartel Case. Case Comment to the Judgment of the Court of Appeals in Cracow of 10 January 2014 (Ref. No I ACa 1322/13)
    Autorzy:
    Knapp, Magdalena
    Korycińska-Rządca, Paulina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530355.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    private enforcement of competition law
    antitrust damage claims
    quantification of harm
    passing-on of overcharges
    burden of proof
    binding decision
    final decision of a competition authority
    Opis:
    Despite the fact that the right to full compensation of harm caused by the breach of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU was confirmed in European Union jurisprudence many years ago, and that actions for damages for competition law infringements were admissible in Poland also before the transposition of Directive 2014/104/EU (hereinafter, the Damages Directive), the number of reported court cases regarding private enforcement of competition law is very low. The commented judgment of the Court of Appeals in Cracow (Sąd Apelacyjny w Krakowie) of 10 January 2014 is one of the very few judgments of Polish courts regarding actions for damages for an infringement of competition law.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 251-268
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Damages Directive and Consensual Approach to Antitrust Enforcement
    Autorzy:
    Moisejevas, Raimundas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530189.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    antitrust damage
    consumers
    arbitration
    alternative dispute resolution
    mediation
    consensual dispute resolution
    Lithuania
    private enforcement of competition law
    antitrust damage claims
    Directive on antitrust damages actions
    consensual settlements
    Opis:
    The article focuses on the novelties introduced by the Damages Directive in the field of consensual settlements of disputes concerning private enforcement. The Damages Directive obliges Member States to ensure that the limitation period for bringing an action for damages is suspended for the duration of any consensual dispute resolution process. The Directive also establishes the main principles that govern the effect of consensual settlements on subsequent actions for damages. Since the EU framework for consensual dispute resolution of private enforcement disputes is quite new, many issues must still be solved in Member States’ practice. While analysing consensual dispute resolution in private enforcement cases, particular interest should be paid to mediation and arbitration as a form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Mediation is often used in competition law litigation. In a mediation process, parties are subject to fewer legal costs than in litigation and arbitration. It may thus be concluded that consensual dispute resolution is usually a faster way to receive compensation. However, voluntary arrangements and ADR in competition law still raise many problems concerning both procedural and substantial legal acts.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(12); 181-194
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mr Hoefner, Mr Elser, Please Welcome to Poland. Some Comments on the Polish Healthcare System Reform from the Perspective of State Aid Law
    Autorzy:
    Grzejdziak, Łukasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530047.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-11-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    Polska
    healthcare services
    hospital services
    state aid
    notion of state aid
    write-off of the debts of an undertaking
    notion of undertaking in the EU competition law
    public undertakings
    social solidarity
    cross-subsidization
    effect on trade between Member States
    adverse effect on competition
    notification of state aid
    services of general economic interest
    Opis:
    The purpose of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that a debt write-off implemented recently by Polish authorities in favour of public hospitals constitutes State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union. The paper contains a detailed description of the nature of the measure – its historical background, regulatory context, as well as its construction. It presents an in-depth analysis of the fulfilment by the measure of the conditions stipulated in Article 107(1) TFEU. As a preliminary issue, the analysis addresses the problem whether Polish public hospitals can be considered as undertakings within the meaning of EU competition law, particularly, as to their activity financed by the sickness fund organized under the principle of social solidarity. The answer to this question seems to be affirmative and in line with the landmark Hoefner and Elser judgments where the ECJ held that the way in which an entity is financed is irrelevant for its classification as an undertaking. The paper argues in favour of the thesis that the debt write-off must be considered as affecting trade between Member States and competition. Consequently, and contrary to the official position of the Polish government, the measure in question is classified as State aid.
    Le but de cet article est de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’amortissement total des dettes effectué récemment par les autorités polonaises en faveur des hôpitaux publiques constitue une aide publique au sens de l’Article 107(1) TFUE. L’article contient une description détaillée de la nature de cette mesure – son histoire, contexte législatif aussi que sa construction. Il présent une analyse profonde de l’accomplissement par cette mesure des conditions indiquées par l’Article 107(1) TFUE. Comme question préliminaire, l’analyse a pour objectif de vérifier si les hôpitaux publiques polonais peuvent être considérés comme entreprises au sens de la loi de concurrence de l’EU par rapport à son activité financée par le fonds de maladie organisé en accord avec le príncipe de la solidarité sociale.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2011, 4(5); 85-109
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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