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Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
Tytuł:
Anti-Competitive Agreements according to Kosovo’s Law on the Protection of Competition – Case Study of the Insurance Market
Autorzy:
Ceku, Orhan
Shaqiri, Mentor Q.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
anti-competitive agreements
competition law
insurance
Kosovo
oligopoly
Opis:
Competition law is an area which links the economy with the law and is very important for the functioning of a free market economy. Anti-competitive agreements, along with the abuse of dominance and concentrations of undertakings, are the subject matter of the Law on the Protection of Competition (LPC) of the Republic of Kosovo. Anti-competitive agreements can be horizontal or vertical in nature. The following paper deals with agreements and other multilateral practices prohibited under Kosovo’s Law on the Protection of Competition. The LPC explicitly states also specific circumstances where the prohibition does not apply – these are covered by the so called 'exceptions and allowances' section of the LPC. In this respect, the LPC has incorporated the entirety of the principles covered by Article 101 TFEU. The insurance market of the Republic of Kosovo was analyzed in the context of this case study, which has all the features of an oligopoly including: a limited number of participating firms, product standardization, interdependence in controlling prices and, difficulty of new market entry. From this perspective, the insurance market is highly problematic as far as violations of the provisions of the law dealing with anti-competitive agreements are concerned. The analysis is conducted based on the enforcement measures undertaken by the Kosovo Competition Authority and reviewed by the judiciary of the Republic of Kosovo. Taking into consideration that Kosovo is a young country facing special transitional challenges and aiming to become a member of the European Union, much needed reforms are to take place still. The aim of this analysis is thus to contribute to further development of competition law in Kosovo through the analysis of current market situation, domestic legislation and its compliance with EU rules.
L’article suivant concerne des accords et des pratiques interdites par la loi sur la protection de la concurrence du Kosovo. La loi mentionnée ci-dessus prévoit également circonstances atténuantes exceptionnelles pour l'application des dispositions concernant les accords anticoncurrentiels. À cet égard, la loi sur la protection de la concurrence a incorporé les principes de l'article 101 du Traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne. Dans ce contexte, l’article analyse le marché de l’assurance dans la République du Kosovo, qui possède toutes les caractéristiques d'oligopole, y compris le nombre limité d'entreprises, la normalisation des produits, l'interdépendance dans le contrôle des prix et les difficultés de nouvelles entreprises qui entrent le marché. Dans cette perspective, le marché de l'assurance est très problématique en termes de violation des dispositions concernant les accords anticoncurrentiels. L'analyse est effectuée à la base de sanctions introduits par l’Autorité de la concurrence de Kosovo, ainsi que par la Cour de la République du Kosovo. En prenant en compte que le Kosovo est un pays jeune, avec des défis pour la transition, qui a pour son objectif de devenir un membre de l’Union européenne, certains réformes doivent être mises en oeuvre. En effet, le but de l’article est de donner la contribution pour les développements de la loi de la concurrence au Kosovo, par l'analyse de la situation actuelle du marché, de la législation nationale et de sa cohérence avec des règles du droit de l’Union européenne.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2016, 9(13); 191-208
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The ne bis in idem Principle in Proceedings Related to Anti-Competitive Agreements in EU Competition Law
Autorzy:
Rosiak, Przemysław Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
EU competition law
anti-competitive agreements
general principles
ne bis in idem
Opis:
The source of the ne bis in idem principle in European Union law is found in both the Protocol no. 7 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Convention) and in the legal systems of many Member States. It is enshrined in the jurisprudence of the EU courts as a general principle of EU law. Furthermore, it has also been introduced into some international agreements concluded by the Member States, i.e. the Convention on the protection of the European Communities’ financial interests and the Convention on the fight against corruption, which remain an integral part of EU legislation, as well as in the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement, which has been progressively integrated into EU legislation. Following the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, which incorporates the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Charter) into EU primary law, the provision on the application of the ne bis in idem principle is now applied in the European Union in areas broader than just the scope of the three above-mentioned Conventions. The significance of this principle may also be strengthened following the accession of the EU to the Convention, as has been set forth in the new Article 6(2) TEU. The ne bis in idem principle has found its own, lasting place among the rights and guarantees of undertakings in proceedings conducted by the Commission and the national competition authorities (NCAs) of the Member States aimed at prosecuting and/or sanctioning parties for agreements non-compliant with EU competition law. However, it is still not applied in proceedings against agreements having a scope which transcends EU borders, conducted by the Commission or the NCAs of Member States on the one hand, and by the competition authorities of non-member States on the other. This approach is grounded both in the provisions of the Convention and in the provisions of the Charter.
Le principe ne bis in idem trouve sa source aussi bien dans le Protocole no 7 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme (Convention) que dans les systèmes juridiques des États membres. Dans le droit de l’Union européenne, il est présent dans la jurisprudence des juges communautaires en tant que règle générale du droit communautaire. Avec l’entrée en vigueur du traité de Lisbonne, qui inclut la Charte des droits fondamentaux (Charte) dans le droit primaire de l’UE, l’Union européenne s’est dotée aussi d’un texte relatif à l’application du principe ne bis in idem dans un champ beaucoup plus large que pour les affaires relevant des trois conventions susmentionnées. L’importance de ce principe peut aussi être corroborée par l’adhésion de l’UE à la Convention, ce que prévoit l’art. 6 nouveau, al. 2 du TUE. Le principe ne bis in idem a sa place assurée parmi les droits et garanties reconnus à l’entrepreneur dans le cadre des procédures menées par la Commission et les autorités nationales de concurrence, soit la poursuite et sanction des accords non conformes au droit communautaire de la concurrence. Cependant, il n’est pas appliqué en cas de procédures relatives à des accords dont la portée dépasse le territoire de l’UE, menées par la Commission ou une autorité nationale de concurrence d’une part et les autorités de concurrence de pays tiers d’autre part. Ceci est motivé aussi bien par les clauses de la Convention que celles de la Charte.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2012, 5(6); 11-135
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic Approach to Counteracting Cartels
Autorzy:
Fornalczyk, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530288.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
cartels, collusions
explicit and tacit collusions
transparent markets
relevant markets
anti-competitive agreements
Opis:
Horizontal agreements between competitors concerning price fixing, quotas, distribution and/or supply market share – cartels – represent the most severe form of competition law infringement. Why are these agreements subject to the highest fines and, in some countries (USA, Canada, Mexico, UK), subject to both fines as well as imprisonment? What are the economic grounds for such severe punishment? How important is an economic analysis for the results of anti-cartel proceedings considering that they are prohibited per se, that is, absolutely and unconditionally? Does growing market concentration and resulting transparency increase the significance of the economic approach to the evaluation of market effects of the behaviour of business? Which methods make it possible to differentiate cartels from competition in oligopolistic markets including economic and econometric analyses? This paper will present an answer to the aforementioned questions on the basis of literature studies, an analysis of Polish case law between 2000–2009 as well as the author’s extensive experience in the field of antitrust consultancy.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2009, 2(2); 34-48
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Expanding the Definitions of ‘Undertaking’ and ‘Economic Activity’: Application of Competition Rules to the Actions of State Institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Autorzy:
Svetlicinii, Alexandr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
anti-competitive agreement
antitrust enforcement
Bosnia and Herzegovina
economic activity
sanctions and penalties
State institutions
undertaking
Opis:
State-initiated competition restraints remain a recurrent problem for competition law enforcement in transition economies characterized by a history of price controls and extensive State regulation of economic activities. The application of the concepts of ‘undertaking’ and ‘economic activity’ to the actions of State institutions, as developed in EU competition law, allows national competition authorities to enforce competition rules against public bodies. EU candidate countries, as well as States aspiring to a candidate status, have been continuously reforming their competition laws, aligning them with acquis communautaire and applying EU competition law concepts and standards in their domestic enforcement practices. This paper deals with the particularities of the application of competition rules to the actions of State institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A detailed study of emerging domestic case law demonstrates significant deviations in the interpretation and application of these well known competition law concepts. The legislative and enforcement peculiarities observed in the target jurisdiction are compared with those found in EU competition law and in the legal systems of neighbouring courtiers.
Les restrictions de la concurrence initiées par l’Etat restent un problème répétitif pour l’application du droit de la concurrence dans les pays en transition ayant l’histoire du contrôle des prix et une réglementation vaste relative aux activités économiques imposée par l’Etat. L’application des concepts d’ « entreprise » et d’ « activité économique » à l’action des institutions de l’Etat, mises en oeuvre par le droit communautaire de la concurrence, permet aux autorités nationales d’imposer des règles de la concurrence contre des organes public. Les pays candidats à l’UE et les Etats qui aspirent au statut de pays candidat ont constamment réformé leurs lois sur la concurrence afin de les aligner à l’acquis communautaire et d’appliquer les concepts du droit de la concurrence et des normes européens dans leurs pratiques nationaux. Le document traite sur des particularités de l’application des règles de la concurrence aux actions des institutions de Bosnie-Herzégovine. L’étude détaillée de la jurisprudence actuelle montre des écarts importants dans l’interprétation et l’application de ces concepts du droit de la concurrence bien connus. Les particularités législatives et d’exécution observées dans la juridiction sont comparées avec celles trouvées dans le droit de la concurrence de l’UE et des pays voisins.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2013, 6(8); 11-33
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How Much May an Unreasonable Delay Cost? TAR Lazio Annuls the Highest Sanction Ever Issued by the Italian Competition Authority
Autorzy:
Mazur, Zofia M.
Scimeca, Elisa Luna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
anti-competitive agreement
unreasonable delays
consequences of undue delay
AGCM
parental liability
incorrect determination of relevant market
Opis:
The present contribution describes and comments on recent ruling(s) issued by the Italian Regional Administrative Court of Lazio Region (TAR Lazio) which annuls the highest sanction ever imposed by the Italian Competition Authority (AGCM) for the breach of competition law. The Court found that the AGCM’s final decision vitiated on both procedural and substantive grounds. The TAR Lazio held that the Competition Authority violated the principle of ‘reasonable length of proceedings’ by deferring the initiation of the investigation without valid justification. For this reason, in the last part of the contribution, the authors briefly analyse the possible consequences of the unjustified delays in the administrative proceedings on the final rulings.
Le présent commentaire porte sur le(s) récent(s) jugement(s) rendu(s) par le Tribunal administratif régional italien (TAR Lazio) qui annule la plus haute sanction jamais imposée par l’Autorité italienne de la concurrence (AGCM) pour violation du droit de la concurrence. Le tribunal a estimé que la décision finale de l’AGCM était entachée d’irrégularités tant sur le plan de la procédure que sur celui du fond. Le TAR Lazio a estimé que l’Autorité de la concurrence a violé le principe de “durée raisonnable de la procédure” en reportant l’ouverture de l’enquête sans justification valable. Pour cette raison, dans la dernière partie du commentaire, les auteurs analysent brièvement les conséquences possibles des retards injustifiés dans la procédure administrative sur les décisions finales.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2021, 14, 24; 159-176
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Overview of Kazakhstani New Anti-monopoly Regulation
Autorzy:
Korobeinikov, Alexander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1395549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
Kazakhstan
antitrust law
Entrepreneurial Code
anti-competitive
agreements
economic concentration
restrictive agreements
dominant market
position
unfair competition
violating competition laws
Opis:
The main statute governing competition in Kazakhstan is the Entrepreneurial Code, first adopted in October 2015. Section 4 of the Code in particular is aimed at the protection of competition in Kazakhstan. It primarily deals with anti-competitive agreements and conduct, provides for a control system over economic concentrations, and regulates anti-monopoly investigations. The anti-monopoly provisions of the Code are enforced by the Committee on the Regulation of Natural Monopolies and Protection of Competition within the Ministry of the National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its regional departments located in each Kazakhstani region and its two main cities (Almaty and Astana). The Committee has a broad range of powers and duties ranging from investigating anti-competitive conduct and imposing administrative sanctions to regulating natural monopolies. The Code generally prohibits horizontal and vertical agreements and concerted actions that lead (or can lead) to restriction of competition, albeit it also provides certain exemptions. The Code includes an exhaustive list of conduct which is prohibited for dominant entities. The Anti-monopoly Committee exercises control over economic concentrations by overseeing mergers, consolidations, acquisitions and certain other transactions.
La loi principale régissant la concurrence au Kazakhstan est le Code de l'entreprise, adoptée en octobre 2015. Notamment la section 4 du Code de l'entreprise vise à protéger la concurrence au Kazakhstan. Elle stipule des dispositions concernant des ententes anticoncurrentiels et des pratiques concertées, elle prévoit un système de contrôle des concentrations et réglemente des enquêtes concernant les violations du droit de la concurrence. Les dispositions du Code de l'entreprise concernant la concurrence sont appliquées par le Comité sur la réglementation des monopoles et la protection de la concurrence, au sein du Ministère de l'économie nationale de la République du Kazakhstan et dans ses départements régionaux situés dans chaque région du Kazakhstan et dans ses deux principales villes (Almaty et Astana). Le Comité possède de multiples prérogatives et de fonctions allant de l'examen de comportement anticoncurrentielle et l'imposition de sanctions administratives à la réglementation des monopoles naturels. Le Code interdit généralement les accords horizontaux et verticaux ou les actions concertées qui conduisent (ou peuvent conduire) à la restriction de la concurrence, mais il prévoit aussi certaines exemptions. Le Code contient une liste exhaustive de comportements interdits aux entités dominantes. Le contrôle de concentrations est exercé par le Comité anti monopole et il s'agit de contrôle des fusions, des regroupements, des acquisitions et des certaines autres transactions.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2016, 9(14); 195-202
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
2014 Amendment of the Polish Competition and Consumers Protection Act 2007
Autorzy:
Skoczny, Tadeusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530099.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
enforcement of the prohibition of anti-competitive practices
fines for individuals
inspection powers
leniency
leniency plus
merger control proceeding
remedies
settlement
Opis:
The article presents a critical analysis of changes introduced into the Polish Competition Act of 2007 by the Amendment Act of 2014. The declared purpose of the Amendment was mainly to increase the effectiveness of the enforcement of the antitrust prohibitions, including the introduction of conduct remedies in antitrust cases, the settlement procedure and fines for individuals, changes in the Polish Leniency Programme and inspection powers, as well as simplifying and shortening merger control proceedings. Considered in the paper is the thesis that some of these changes were not introduced properly; in particular, that the new provisions fail to sufficiently safeguard the rights of undertakings, and that the amendment is an inadequate step towards the convergence of the Polish competition law system with the enforcement rules of the EU and its other Member States. Further changes to the Polish Competition Act of 2007 are therefore needed. The paper does not cover changes introduced by the Amendment Act of 2014 to Poland’s consumer protection provisions.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(11); 165-186
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Guidance on the limits for the use of restrictive clauses in commercial lease agreements – once again on restrictions “by object”. Case comment to the preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of 26 No-vember 2015 SIA ‘Maxima Latvija’ v Konkurences padome (Case C-345/14)
Autorzy:
Stefanowicz, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
anti-competitive agreement
non-compete clause
vertical restriction
Article 101 TFEU
by object; by effect
market foreclosure
commercial lease agreement
shopping centres
analogous national legislation
Latvia
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2016, 9(14); 279-292
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Competition Protection and Philip Kotler’s Strategic Recommendations
Autorzy:
Fornalczyk, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530081.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-11-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition
dominant market position
predatory pricing
strategic alliances
preventive control of mergers and acquisitions
exploitive or anti-competitive practices
State aid
leniency procedure
Kotler’s theory of modern marketing
Opis:
P. Kotler’s recommendations of modern marketing tell managers how to achieve and maintain a dominant market position. Some of the recommended activities may, however, infringe European and Polish competition law. Objections are not raised by market success achieved as a result of high product quality, good customer care, high market shares, continuous product improvements, new product release, entry onto fast growing markets, and exceeding customer expectations. Competition law problems may appear when a given company, having reached a dominant position, starts abusing it by subjugating the market and dictating business conditions to other market players (suppliers, customers, consumers). This article focuses on predatory pricing, strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions and State aid issues that may arise from the implementation of Kotler’s recommendations. For market success not to transform into a competition law problem, it is worth remembering the limitations imposed by competition law on the actions of dominant companies. The paper outlines these limitations.
Les recommandations de Philip Kotler concernant le marketing moderne conseillent aux managers comment atteindre et maintenir une position dominante. Certaines des activités recommandées peuvent, pourtant, être en contravention avec la loi polonaise et européenne. Les problèmes du droit de la concurrence peuvent apparaître quand une entreprise donnée, après avoir atteint une position dominante, commence à en abuser par subjuguer le marché et dicter ses conditions aux autres participants du marché (fournisseurs, clients, consommateurs). Cet article se concentre sur les prix prédateurs, alliances stratégiques, fusions-acquisitions et sur les questions de l’aide publique resultant de l’implantation des recommandations de Kotler. Pour que le succès du marché ne se transforme pas en échec, il faut prendre en considération les limitation imposées par le droit de la concurrence sur les actions des entreprises dominantes. Cet article décrit ces limitations.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2011, 4(5); 11-23
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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