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Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
Tytuł:
Inspections in Private Premises Under Slovak Competition Law: Did the Implementation of the ECN+ Directive Miss the Point?
Autorzy:
Patakyová, Mária T.
Patakyová, Mária
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20679092.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
ECN+ Directive 2019/1
inspections
private premises
non-business premises
Antimonopoly Office of the Slovak Republic
Act No. 187/2021 Coll
Opis:
We face the era when tech giants are getting ever more powerful, when there are subtle ways of collusion via algorithms, and when home offices are the new normal. One would expect competition authorities to have suitable tools to investigate any infringement of competition law even under these difficult conditions. Inspections are arguably the most powerful investigatory tool within the realm of the powers of competition authorities. Although inspections are very often conducted in business premises, there might be a need to search private premises too. Regulation 1/2003 has recognised this need for almost two decades. The ECN+ Directive expects national competition law to provide their competition authorities with the power to inspect non-business premises. How was this provision transposed into the Slovak legal order? What obstacles would the Slovak Antimonopoly Office (Slovak NCA) face if it wanted to conduct an inspection on private premises? These are the questions asked in this article. The article finds that, although the legislation itself seems in compliance with the ECN+ Directive, any attempt to conduct an inspection on private premises would be difficult. Particularly, we look into shortcomings related to the institution of the guardian who should be present during an inspection; and we present solutions de lege ferenda.
Nous sommes à une époque où les géants de la technologie sont de plus en plus puissants, où il existe des moyens subtils de parvenir à une collusion par le biais d‘algorithmes, et où le travail à domicile est une nouvelle normalité. On devrait s’attendre à ce que les autorités de la concurrence disposent d’outils appropriés pour enquêter sur toute violation au droit de la concurrence, même dans ces conditions difficiles. Les inspections sont sans doute l’outil d’enquête le plus puissant dont disposent les autorités de la concurrence. Bien qu’elles soient très souvent effectuées dans des locaux professionnels, il peut également être nécessaire de fouiller des locaux privés. Le règlement 1/2003 reconnaît cette nécessité depuis près de vingt ans. La directive ECN+ prévoit que les législations nationales en matière de concurrence confèrent à leurs autorités de concurrence le pouvoir d’inspecter des locaux non professionnels. Comment cela a-t-il été mis en œuvre dans l’ordre juridique slovaque? À quels obstacles l’autorité slovaque de la concurrence seraitelle confrontée si elle souhaitait effectuer une inspection dans des locaux privés? Telles sont les questions posées par cet article. Celui-ci constate que, bien que la législation elle-même semble conforme à la directive ECN+, toute tentative d’inspection dans des locaux privés serait difficile. En particulier, nous examinons les insuffisances liées au gardien qui devrait être présent lors de l‘inspection; et nous présentons les solutions de lege ferenda.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2023, 16, 27; 57-81
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Electronic Communications Code – implementation in Polish law, Faculty of Management of the University of Warsaw, 24 June 2019
Autorzy:
Nałęcz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 19; 243-248
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Implementation of the ECN+ Directive in Hungary and Lessons Beyond
Autorzy:
Cseres, Katalin J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
EU Competition law
Institutional design
Competition Law procedures
Hungary
Decentralization
Opis:
In order to facilitate national competition authorities (NCAs) in their application of EU competition rules, the EU legislator adopted Directive 2019/1/EU. The Directive’s aim is to empower the competition authorities of the Member States to be more effective enforcers of competition law and to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market. The so-called ECN+ Directive introduces minimum harmonisation rules allowing competition authorities to have common investigative, decision-making (notably fining decisions) and enforcement powers. The Directive, furthermore, sets minimum safeguards for the NCAs’ independence, accountability and resources as well as harmonizes leniency programmes including the coordination of national leniency programmes with each other and with that of the European Commission. This paper critically analyzes the legal and policy developments that paved the way for the adoption of this Directive. Moreover, it examines the changes the implementation of the Directive is likely to generate in current Hungarian law and policy of competition protection. The focus of the paper’s assessment is on the institutional aspects of the Directive and the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, in particular the mechanisms for ensuring independence and accountability of the NCAs. Through the assessment of the Hungarian implementation, the paper aims to shed light on a broader context of the Directive and the enforcement of EU competition law in EU Member States. The paper shows that the implementation of the Directive may fail to translate into (more) effective enforcement without an effective institutional capacity on the side of the NCAs, and in the broader legal and constitutional context of competition law and its multilevel enforcement.
Pour faciliter l’application des règles de concurrence de l’UE par les autorités nationales de concurrence, le législateur européen a adopté la directive 2019/1/UE. L’objectif de la directive est de permettre aux autorités de concurrence des États membres d’être plus efficaces dans l’application du droit de la concurrence et d’assurer le bon fonctionnement du marché intérieur. La directive dite «ECN+» définit des règles minimales d’harmonisation permettant aux autorités de concurrence de disposer de pouvoirs communs d’enquête, de décision (notamment en matière d’amendes) et d’exécution. En outre, la directive fixe des guaranties minimales pour l’indépendance, la responsabilité et les ressources des ANC, harmonise les programmes de clémence, y compris la coordination des programmes nationaux de clémence entre eux et entre ces programmes et ceux de la Commission européenne. Le présent article analyse de manière critique les développements juridiques et politiques qui ont ouvert la voie à l’adoption de la directive. En outre, il examine les changements que la mise en oeuvre de la directive est susceptible de générer dans la législation et la politique hongroises actuelles en matière de protection de la concurrence. Au centre de l’évaluation du présent document figurent les aspects institutionnels de la directive et l’application des articles 101 et 102 du TFUE, en particulier les mécanismes garantissant l’indépendance et la responsabilité des ANC. Grâce à l’évaluation de la transposition hongroise, le présent article vise à clarifier le contexte plus large de la directive et de l’application du droit communautaire de la concurrence dans les États membres de l’UE. L’article montre que la mise en oeuvre de la directive pourrait ne pas se traduire par une application (plus) efficace sans une capacité institutionnelle effective de la part des ANC et dans le contexte juridique et constitutionnel plus large du droit de la concurrence et son application à plusieurs niveaux.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 20; 55-90
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Scope of the Implementation of the Damages Directive in CEE States
Autorzy:
Petr, Michal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530091.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
competition law
Damages Directive
private antitrust enforcement
undertaking
Opis:
The Damages Directive has a rather limited scope, focusing only on damages claims stemming from anticompetitive agreements or abuse of a dominant position, provided such conduct was able to affect trade between EU Member States. However, Member States are not limited by this scope and so they may decide, when implementing the Directive, to enhance not only claims for damages, but the overall private enforcement of competition law. In this article, we shall explore the scope of the implementing legislation of selected Central and Eastern European Countries, namely in Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 13-30
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Consensual Dispute Resolution in the Damage Directive. Implementation in CEE Countries
Autorzy:
Modzelewska de Raad, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530010.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
private antitrust enforcement
arbitration
competition law arbitration
Damages Directive
Opis:
This paper discusses the use of consensual dispute resolution for the purpose of antitrust damage claims as introduced by the Directive. It presents these type of claims in a broader context of arbitration (or ADR), in comparison with traditional claim settling before a state court. Particular focus is on selected CEE countries and their implementation of the Directive, serving as an example of the transposition of the Directive’s rules (Article 18 and 19) into national systems in the area of consensual dispute resolution. Specific institutions intended to encourage consensual resolution included in the Directive (and transposed into national systems) are being commented on as well. Lastly, the paper briefs on the advantages of ADR in general, and concludes that even post-Directive, ADR remains attractive as a complimentary instrument to public enforcement and state judiciary enforcement.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 49-68
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Passing-on of Overcharges and the Implementation of the Damages Directive in CEE Countries
Autorzy:
Moisejevas, Raimundas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
antitrust damage
consumers
passing-on of overcharges
Lithuania
private enforcement of competition law
antitrust damage claims
Directive on antitrust damages actions
calculation of damages
Opis:
The article focuses on the concept of passing-on of overcharges and the peculiarities of its regulation by the Damages Directive. The Damages Directive obliges Member States to ensure that the defendant in an action for damages may invoke the passing-on defence. Moreover, the Directive establishes the new framework and the main principles that govern the application of the passing-on defence. The national case law on passing-on is very insignificant in Central and Eastern European countries and many questions are expected to be raised in the courts of the CEE Member States. While discussing the concept of passing-on in the Damages Directive, a lot of emphasis should be paid to the issue of causation. Causation will definitely be the subject of most of the questions in cases when an indirect purchaser will bring a claim for damages. Causation may be tricky when an indirect purchaser claims it suffered an ‘overcharge harm’ because of passing-on. In most cases, the issue of causation will be decided mainly by national courts based on national procedural rules. Depending on the situation, passing-on may be used as a basis for the claim (as a ‘sword’) or as a defence (as a ‘shield’). It could be used as a basis for the claim by an indirect purchaser, in case s/he has suffered any harm because of the illegal actions of a cartelist or a dominant company. At the same time, it could be used as a defence by the infringer against a claim for damages. The article also analyses the specifics of the implementation of the Directive into the national laws of CEE Member States.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 133-146
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Implementation of the ECN+ Directive in Poland – towards a more effective application of EU competition law? Conference of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection and the Centre for Antitrust and Regulatory Studies, Warsaw, 2 March 2021
Autorzy:
Woźniak-Cichuta, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158429.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2021, 14, 24; 215-219
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Polish Leniency Programme and the Implementation of the ECN+ Directive Leniency-related Standards in Poland
Autorzy:
Szot, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159112.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
ECN+
leniency
Polish leniency
leniency plus
private enforcement
ring-leader
NCA
summary application
marker
individual sanctions
UOKiK
immunity
reduction of fines
enforcement of competition law
Opis:
This publication discusses the current state of the Polish leniency programme and the amendments required in order to implement the ECN+ Directive (in particular in the area of specific conditions for leniency, individual sanctions, protection of leniency statements or leniency plus) as well as harmonisation flaws (primarily lack of one-stop-shop, universal language, failure to lay down rules regulating the reduction of fines or fully coordinating rules on immunity from individual sanctions, lack of harmonisation regarding applications in non-cartel cases). The author’s view is that the Polish system in broad terms corresponds to the majority of the harmonised standards owing to soft harmonisation based on the Model Leniency Programme and the EU leniency programme. Further, the implementation will not bring about revolutionary changes, unless combined with de lege ferenda improvements and enhancements in the general level of anti-cartel enforcement.
et des modifications nécessaires pour mettre en oeuvre la directive ENC+ (en particulier dans le domaine des conditions spécifiques de clémence, des sanctions individuelles, la protection des déclarations effectuées en vue d’obtenir la clémence ou «Leniency plus»), ainsi que des lacunes en matière d’harmonisation (principalement absence d’organe centralisé, de langage universel, absence de règles régissant la réduction des amendes ou de règles pleinement coordonnées en matière d’immunité des sanctions individuelles). Selon l’auteur, le système polonais correspond globalement à la plupart des normes harmonisées grâce à une harmonisation «douce» fondée sur le programme modèle du REC en matière de clémence et sur le programme de clémence de l’UE. Sa mise en oeuvre n’entraînera pas de changements drastiques, à moins d’être combinée à des améliorations de lege ferenda et à une amélioration générale dans le niveau de lutte contre les ententes.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2019, 12, 20; 9-54
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Provisions of the Damages Directive on Limitation Periods and their Implementation in CEE Countries
Autorzy:
Vlahek, Ana
Podobnik, Klemen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
limitation of antitrust damages claims
limitation
limitation periods
suspension of limitation
interruption of limitation
competition law
antitrust
liability for damages
Directive 2014/104/EU
CEE countries
private enforcement of antitrust
Opis:
The article analyses the provisions on limitation of antitrust damages actions set out in Directive 2014/104/EU on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the Member States and of the European Union. It presents (draft) implementing legislation of CEE countries from the perspective of their general rules on limitation, and the problems the Member States have faced in the process of transposing the Directive into their national legal systems. Within that, focus is placed upon the analysis of the types of limitation periods, their length and their suspension or interruption. In addition, the authors present the effects of the new limitation regime on the balance between the interests of the claimants and of the defendants, as well as on the relation between public and private antitrust enforcement.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 147-176
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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