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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie soli chinoliniowych i pirydyniowych do oznaczania wybranych związków siarki w próbkach biologicznych
    Application of quinolinium and pyridinium salts for determination of selected sulfur compounds in biological samples
    Autorzy:
    Furmaniak, P.
    Wyszczelska-Rokiel, M.
    Kubalczyk, P.
    Głowacki, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171524.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    sole pirydyniowe
    sole chinoliniowe
    aminokwasy tiolowe
    derywatyzacja chemiczna
    chromatografia cieczowa
    wysokosprawna chromatografia cieczowa
    elektroforeza kapilarna
    pyridinium salts
    quinolinium salts
    thiol amino acids
    chemical derivatization
    high performance liquid chromatography
    capillary electrophoresis
    Opis:
    Quinolinium and pyridinium salts belong to the group of onium compounds and are widely used in organic, structural and analytical chemistry. Their synthesis is mainly based on quaternization of the nitrogen atom in a heterocyclic ring [4, 13, 23]. In analytical chemistry quinolinium and pyridinium salts such as 2-chloro-1-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate (CMQT) or 1-benzyl-2-chloropyridinium bromide (BCPB) perform very well as thiol specific derivatization reagents in terms of derivatization reaction velocity, stability, chromatographic properties of the derivatives, and thus, amenability to automatization [18–22, 32–42]. Analytical procedures for thiol determination usually involve reduction of disulfide bonds with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, tri-n-butylphosphine or mercaptoethanol, chemical derivatization of the sulfur compound with the use of 2-halopyridinium or 2-haloquinolinium salts and then deproteinization, followed by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC or CE separation and spectrophotometric detection. Derivatization reaction takes advantage of great susceptibility of quinolinium or pyridinium molecules at 2-position to nucleophilic displacement, and a high nucleophilicity of the thiol group. Derivatization reaction mixture is usually ready to be analyzed just after mixing of the substrates. CMQT and BCPB exhibit very high reactivity toward thiols [44, 45], sulfides [63] as well as thiosulfates [40, 54]. 2-S-quinolinium and 2-S-pyridinium derivatives possess advantageous spectrophotometric and chromatographic properties. They are stable and more hydrophobic than thiols themselves, possessing a well-defined absorption maximum in the UV region. The reaction is accompanied by an analytically advantageous bathochromic shift from reagent maximum to the maximum of the derivative. Thanks to this phenomenon it is possible to use a large excess of derivatization reagent in order to drive the reaction to completion and avoid a huge signal of unreacted compound on the chromatogram [26]. Elaborated with the use of onium salts methods have proven to be useful in quantitative HPLC and CE analysis of endogenous and exogenous low-molecular-weight biological thiols in human body fluids, plant extracts and some groceries [44, 45].
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2014, 68, 3-4; 211-232
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cukrowe czwartorzędowe sole amoniowe
    Sugar quaternary ammonium salts
    Autorzy:
    Dmochowska, B.
    Sikora, K.
    Samaszko-Fiertek, J.
    Ślusarz, R.
    Madaj, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172328.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    czwartorzędowe sole amoniowe
    d-glikopiranozydy
    celuloza
    chitozan
    quaternary ammonium salts
    d-glicopyranosides
    cellulose
    chitosan
    Opis:
    Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) exhibit the properties of both inorganic and organic compounds, and their ionic nature gives them hydrophilic character. The popularity of these compounds is allied to their many applications and ease of synthesis. Most of QACs are stable up to 150°C, readily soluble in water, usually non-toxic in utilitarian concentrations, are surface active, and do not irritate the skin or have a noxious odour [1]. Many of them have fungicidal, bactericidal and algicidal properties [2–5]. The antiviral action of QACs, including against HIV [6, 7], has been reported. They are used as timber preservatives, disinfectants, fabric softeners, anti-electrostatic agents and antifriction substances [5, 8, 9]. In addition, certain drugs administered in cases of diabetes, cardiac arrhythmia, neuroses, allergies and even carcinomas are QACs. Finally, QACs are used in chemical synthesis as catalysts, in phase-boundary catalysis [11], in the reduction of aldehydes and alkenes, and in the Friedl-Crafts reaction. In literature there is only limited amount of information considering quaternary ammonium salts containing sugar substituents. Among them four group of compounds arises: salts linked to C6 atom in sugar, directly connected to anomeric carbon atom, linked trough hydrocarbon spacer and derivatives of polisacharides. Kirk at al. described the synthesis of biologically active QACs [15]. In the Menshutkin reaction between an iodo-derivative and trimethylamine (Scheme 4), these authors obtained compounds with bactericidal and fungicidal properties. The authors obtained a series of analogous compounds using carboxylic acids (with carbon chains of various lengths) ester linked to the C-6-OH group of a sugar derivative. Blizzard synthesized QAC derivatives of vancomycin [28]. It was noticed that the increased hydrophilicity of vancomycin following the addition to it of a suitable fragment enhanced its antibacterial properties [30, 31], one of the more active being a derivative containing an aminium group at position G-6 (Scheme 10). Examples of reactions, in which the terminal carbon atoms in methyl glucopyranosides and polysaccharides are functionalized, are the syntheses carried out by Engel et al. [33, 34], one of which is shown in Figure 5. These authors aimed to find compounds with antibacterial properties. In the first instance, the hydroxyl groups at atoms C-6 of the sugar units in cellulose were O-tosylated. Then, the terminal carbons were functionalized with tertiary amines, yielding QACs. The most effective bactericide among these compounds was the one with a 16-carbon chain, the structure of which is shown Figure 6.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2016, 70, 7-8; 497-518
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sole anionorodnikowe TCNQ z kationami kompleksowymi metali przejściowych
    TCNQ radical anion salts with cations based on transition metals
    Autorzy:
    Starodub, Tetiana
    Starodub, Volodymyr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1409806.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    materiały funkcyjne
    materiały uporządkowane magnetycznie
    sole anionorodnikowe
    functional materials
    magnetically ordered materials
    anion-radical salts
    Opis:
    The unique properties of anion-radical salts (SAR) of 7,7,8,8- tetraethanoquinimethane (TCNQ) with cations [M(N-N)2]2+ (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; N-N = phen, dips) were analyzed. The ability of these SARs to create conductive materials, magnetically ordered structures, including Ferro- and antiferromagnetic, and spin ladders was considered. Particular attention was paid to the possibilities of using these SARs in the electronics of nanomaterials, materials for the production of field-effect transistors, photo-diodes and ion-selective electrodes.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2020, 74, 11-12; 761-796
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Główne metody syntezy soli piryliowych
    The main synthesis of pyrylium salts
    Autorzy:
    Günther, A.
    Soroka, J. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171554.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    sole piryliowe
    kation piryliowy
    addycja nukleofilowa
    mechanizm SnANRORC
    pyrylium salts
    pyrylium cation
    nucleophilic addictions
    mechanism SnANRORC
    Opis:
    Pyrylium salts are valuable organic aromatic compounds based on pyrylium cation, which are built from six-membered ring and contain one positively charged oxygen atom. The presence of a non-nucleophilic anion makes aromatic system stable. These salts are very sensitive for nucleophiles and react with them easily, especially 2,6-disubstituted ( positions) salts because of a lower density of electrons than that of 4-substitued ( position). They react with primary amine groups giving pyridinium salts. This mechanism runs through the stages of attack of nucleophile, ring opening and ring closing (SnANRORC). The synthesis of pyrylium salts is very useful and comfortable because of their ionic properties, obtained products are not soluble in diethyl ether or liquid alkanes, and can be easy isolated and purified from a reaction mixture. Pyrylium salts have a wide range of applications, such as laser dyes, fluorescent dyes, biological and chemical sensors, reactive matrices for MALDI-MS imaging of biologically active primary amines (e.g. amphetamine, dopamine) and many others especially as a universal substrate in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. In nature pyrylium ions occur only in structures of anthocyanins in tissues of higher plants and are used as food dyes. Herein we described selected properties and applications of pyrylium salts, chemical reactivities, and the most frequently used and useful methods of syntheses of pyrylium salts which can be used as starting materials to obtain different class of heterocyclic compounds.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2017, 71, 1-2; 87-108
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synteza i zastosowanie nowych katalizatorów metatezy olefin
    Synthesis and application of new olefin metathesis catalysts
    Autorzy:
    Hryniewicka, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172521.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    metateza olefin
    katalizatory rutenowe
    pochodne chromanu
    sole imidazolidyniowe
    glikokoniugaty
    olefin metathesis
    ruthenium catalysts
    chromane derivatives
    imidazolinium salts
    glycoconjugates
    Opis:
    Olefin metathesis has emerged as a powerful tool for the formation of carboncarbon double bonds. The success of this methodology has spurred the intense investigation of new catalysts showing a better application profile. The syntheses and the application profiles of the seven new ruthenium metathesis catalysts have been described. Five of them were modified in benzylidene part with 6-hydroxychromane- and 2H-3,4-chromenemethylidene moiety. In chromanol – α-tocopherol model compound, some specific stereoelectronic effects have been observed. Introduction of this ligand to the catalyst may provide new advantageous properties. The other new catalysts contained modified N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC), in which N,N’-mesityl substituents of NHC system were linked with diethylene glycol chain as a “clamping ring”. This ring would contribute to a steric shield of the NHC and ruthenium coordination center. Probably it may inforce a proper orientation of substituents in metallacyclobutane (all-cis), leading to Z-olefin formation. The obtained catalysts were investigated in model reactions: ring closing metathesis, cross metathesis and enyne metathesis. The experiments proved they efficiency. In many reactions the catalysts showed activity comparable or superior to that of commercially available Grubbs and Hoveyda 2nd generation complexes. Stereochemistry Z/E of the cross-metathesis products obtained using new and known complexes were similar as well. The catalysts were applied in the synthesis of a new type of α-tocopherol glycoconjugates. An efficient method of the synthesis Hoveyda 2nd type complexes starting from ruthenium trichloride was developed. It is possible to circumvent using special laboratory equipment and expensive reagents. Hoveyda type complexes can be achieved with very good yield in gram scale. Keywords:
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2014, 68, 11-12; 961-980
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Karbeny N-heterocykliczne : synteza i zastosowanie
    N-heterocyclic carbenes : synthesis and applications
    Autorzy:
    Malinowska, M.
    Hryniewicka, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171528.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    karbeny N-heterocykliczne
    sole imidazolidyniowe
    katalizator metatezy
    organokataliza
    reakcja sprzęgania
    N-heterocyclic carbenes
    imidazolinium salts
    methatesis catalysts
    organocatalysis
    coupling reactions
    Opis:
    N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are powerful tools in organic chemistry, with numerous applications in academic and industrial laboratories. They are usually defined as singlet carbenes, in which the divalent carbonic centre is connected directly to at least one nitrogen atom in the heterocycle [1]. They have played an important role in organic chemistry ever since the first evidence of their existence. The isolation of stable, free 1,3‑diadamantylimidazol-2-ylidene (IAd, Fig. 1) by Arduengo et al. in 1991 was a milestone in the chemistry of carbenes [2]. From the beginnings as academic curiosities, N‑heterocyclic carbenes today are very useful compounds in a variety of organic transformations (Fig. 13). NHCs are neutral σ-donors, which form very strong bonds with the majority of transition metals (stronger than phosphines). These compounds are easy-to-make ligands with great potential in homogeneous catalysis (mainly ruthenium and palladium complexes) for large number of reactions, including the coupling reactions (Heck, Negishi, Stille, Suzuki or Sonogashira reactions) and olefin metathesis [3]. Moreover, they are very useful as organocatalysts used in the benzoin condensation, the Stetter reaction and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) or transesterification [4]. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the properties and applications of NHCs, which we expect will be a useful introduction for chemists interested in studying and applying these important compounds. The first part of this review is devoted to the main synthetic routes to NHCs, their properties and reactivity. In the second part we describe the metal complexes with NHCs as homogeneous catalysts and their applications in various types of reactions. At the end of this part of the paper the use of NHCs as organocatalysts is presented.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2015, 69, 3-4; 227-253
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Od rozpoznania molekularnego do rozdziału racemicznego metodą frakcyjnej krystalizacji soli diastereomerycznych
    From molecular recognition to racemic resolution by fractional crystallization of diastereomeric salts
    Autorzy:
    Białońska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172229.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    rozdział racemiczny
    sole diastereomeryczne
    czynnik rozdzielający
    zróżnicowanie diastereomeryczne
    rozpoznanie molekularne
    racemic resolution
    diastereomeric salts
    resolving agent
    diastereomeric diversification
    molecular recognition
    Opis:
    Synthesis and isolation of enantiopure compounds remains an important challenge in medicinal, pharmaceutical, alimentary as well as material chemistry. Amongst many methods leading to enantiopure compounds, formation and fractional crystallization of diastereomeric salts of an enantiopure resolving agent is the most popular one. Since its discovery many years went by, and yet it has been performed by the trial and error method. Selection of the suitable resolving agent is crucial for racemic resolution efficiency. Hence, this review is concerned with common features of crystal structures of salts, in which resolving agents, frequently used for separation of racemic acids, are involved. Among them, there are crystal structures of salts of primary, secondary and tertiary chiral amines (1-arylethylamines, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, deoxyephedrine, chinine, chinidine, cinchonine, cinchonidine, strychnine and brucine). In most of them, cations and anions are involved in characteristic systems of hydrogen bonds leading to formation of cationic-anionic self-assemblies. In this respect, brucine and strychnine appear as unique, because presence of anions usually does not affect formation of common cationic self-assemblies stabilized by weak hydrophobic interactions. Comparison of the common structural motifs indicates different factors being crucial in molecular recognition and in diastereomeric diversification. Formation of common hydrogen bonded cationic-anionic self-assemblies plays a dominant role in molecular recognition of a given acid by most of the studied amines. In turn, formation of common cationic self-assemblies stabilized by hydrophobic interaction plays a crucial role in molecular recognition of a given acid by brucine or strychnine. Diastereomeric diversification can be realized in various ways. In extreme cases, when molecular recognition in crystals of particular diastereomeric salts is similar, diastereomeric diversification is governed by different factors, depending on factors governing molecular recognition. Hydrophobic interactions play an important role in diastereomeric diversification when molecular recognition is governed by hydrogen bonds. In turn, when molecular recognition is governed by hydrophobic interactions, different hydrogen bond systems in crystals of particular salts are responsible for their diastereomeric deversification.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2014, 68, 5-6; 545-562
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kwas hypodifosforowy i jego sole nieorganiczne
    Hypodiphosphoric acid and its inorganic salts
    Autorzy:
    Kinzhybalo, Vasyl
    Otręba, Marta
    Ślepokura, Katarzyna
    Lis, Tadeusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1411132.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    kwas hypodifosforowy
    sole nieorganiczne
    struktura krystaliczna
    chemia koordynacyjna
    wiązanie wodorowe
    hypodiphosphoric acid
    inorganic salts
    crystal structure
    coordination chemistry
    hydrogen bond
    Opis:
    Hypodiphosphoric acid is the lower oxoacid of phosphorus of H4P2O6 composition. It contains the direct P—P bond, in contrast to its closest analog - pyrophosphoric acid, H4P2O7. In comparison to other phosphates the knowledge on hypodiphosphoric acid and its inorganic salts is quite limited. Since its discovery almost 150 years ago, establishment of the proper molecular and structural formula of the acid has initiated intensive research and dispute in the literature, which was decisively ended in 1964, when the first complete X-ray crystal structure determination of diammonium hypodiphosphate was reported. Since then structural studies have led to the discovery of ferroelectric properties in the above-mentioned diammonium salt and dehydration-induced staggerer-eclipsed transformation of hypodiphosphate in tetrabutylammonium salt, experimental electron density distribution determination in cubic tetralithium hexahydrate and last but not least crystal structure elucidation of hypodiphosphate analogs of adenosine diphosphate. In this mini-review the information on synthesis techniques, chemical and physical properties, applications of hypodiphosphates along with crystallochemical description of reported up-to-date crystal structures are presented.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2021, 75, 3-4; 423-466
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozdzielenie mieszanin racemicznych za pomocą krystalizacji. Część 1, Optymalizacja warunków rozdziału
    Separation of the racemic mixtures by crystallization. Part 1, Optymlization of resolution conditions
    Autorzy:
    Kołodziejska, R.
    Kopkowska, E.
    Studzińska, R.
    Karczmarska-Wódzka, A.
    Augustyńska, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172764.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    krystalizacja
    mieszanina racemiczna
    rozdzielenie mieszaniny racemicznej
    diastereoizomeryczne sole
    diastereoizomeryczne kompleksy
    crystallization
    racemic mixture
    resolution of racemic mixture
    diastereoisomeric salts
    diastereoisomeric complexes
    Opis:
    Methods for obtaining optically active compounds in enantiopure form are commonly classified into three categories: utilization of chiral pool starting materials (stereoselective multistep synthesis), creation of chirality from achiral precursors (asymmetric synthesis) and separation of racemates into their enantiomer constituents (crystallization, chromatography on chiral phases, kinetic resolution). The most important method for the separation of enantiomers is the crystallization. The crystallization can be carried out in the variants: direct crystallization of enantiomer mixtures (homo- and heterochiral aggregates – Scheme 2, 3) and separation of diastereoisomer mixtures (classical resolution) (Scheme 1) [1–5]. The most widely used method for the separation of enantiomers rests on the crystallization of diastereoisomers formed from a racemate and an enantiopure reagent – resolving agent (resolution via salt-formation and complex-formation). The pair of diastereoisomers exhibit different physicochemical properties (e.g., solubility, melting point, boiling point, adsorbtion, phase distribution). For this reason, the crystalline material can be separated from the residue by filtration (Scheme 22) [4, 27], distillation (Scheme 23, 24) [28, 29], sublimation (Scheme 25) [4, 30], or extraction (Scheme 26) [2, 31]. The composition of crystalline diastereoisomers is influenced by resolving agent (structure (Scheme 4) [4] and amount of resolving agent (Scheme 5) [4]), structure of racemates (Scheme 10) [2, 15], the character and amount of supplementary additives (Scheme 6–9) [4, 12–15], nature of the solvent (crystallization with solvent) – Scheme 11–18 [2, 4, 16–23] and time of crystaillzation (Scheme 19–21) [4, 14, 25, 26].
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2015, 69, 1-2; 65-88
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kataliza przeniesienia międzyfazowego jako nowoczesna technika w syntezie organicznej
    Phase-transfer catalysis as a modern technique in organic synthesis
    Autorzy:
    Siewniak, Agnieszka
    Chrobok, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1853730.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    kataliza przeniesienia międzyfazowego
    czwartorzędowe sole amoniowe
    poli glikole etylenowe
    katalizatory chiralne przeniesienia międzyfazowego
    phase-transfer catalysis
    quaternary ammonium salts
    polyethylene glycols
    chiral phase-transfer catalysts
    Opis:
    Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) has been already known for 60 years and has an established position both on a laboratory and industrial scale. It is an energy-saving technique, ensuring high yields and selectivity under mild conditions. PTC is successfully used, among others, in the pharmaceutical, polymer, agrochemical industries, for the production of dyes, fragrances and flavors, to name a few. Currently, the development of phase-transfer catalysis is focused mainly on the search for active catalysts as well as extending the scope of its applications. In particular, catalysts immobilized on an insoluble carrier, which can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and recycled many times, are of great interest. The growing demand for chiral compounds has resulted in the development of phase-transfer catalysts which, while retaining the advantages of conventional PTC, will allow to obtain a product with high enantiomeric excess. This work characterizes the phase-transfer catalysis and presents examples of its applications in organic synthesis.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2021, 75, 9-10; 1297-1315
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozdzielenie mieszanin racemicznych za pomocą krystalizacji. Część 2, Rozdzielenie racematów z utworzeniem diastereoizomerycznych soli
    Separation of the racemic mixtures by crystallization. Part 2, Resolution by formation of diastereomeric salts
    Autorzy:
    Kołodziejska, R.
    Studzińska, R.
    Kopkowska, E.
    Karczmarska-Wódzka, A.
    Augustyńska, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171666.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    krystalizacja
    mieszanina racemiczna
    rozdzielenie racemicznych amin
    rozdzielenie racemicznych kwasów
    diastereoizomeryczne sole
    crystallization
    racemic mixture
    resolution of racemic mixture
    resolution of rac-amines
    resolution of rac-acids
    diastereoisomeric salts
    Opis:
    The enantioseparation of a racemate through diastereomeric salt formation with a resolving agent is one of the most attractive methods for obtaining an enantiopure compound, with advantages such as its simplicity in operation, recyclability of the chiral source, and applicability on an industrial scale. In this method the enantiomers are converted into a diastereomeric salt pair by reaction with a single enantiomer of resolving agent. The diastereomers are then separated by crystallization taking advantage of the different solubility of the two compounds [1–3]. The formation of diastereomers, to be separated afterward, usually consists of salt formation with a resolving agent of opposite acide-base character (Scheme 1, 9). In this process, the molecules of opposite character (amine and acid) recognize each other by various interactions on the basis of their molecular structures and functional groups [3]. Using this method can be obtained a series of enantiomerically pure amines (Scheme 2–8) [4–26] and acids (Scheme 10–17) [27–41] which may be valuable substrates for asymmetric synthesis. The conditions for enantioseparation play an important role. On the efficiency of the enantioseparation has an effect the resolving agent, nature of the solvent or just its dielectric constant and the character and amount of some supplementary additives.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2015, 69, 1-2; 89-110
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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