Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "GNSS" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
GNSS positioning error change-point detection in GNSS Positioning Performance Modelling
Autorzy:
Filić, M.
Filjar, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
positioning
Navigation and Timing (PNT)
GNSS Positioning Performance Modelling
GNSS Positioning Error Change-point Detection
GNSS Positioning Performance
GNSS Resilience
GNSS Utilisation Risk Mitigation
GNSS Positioning Performance Degradation
Opis:
Provision of uninterrupted and robust Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services is essential task of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) as an enabling technology for numerous technology and socio-economic applications, a cornerstone of the modern civilisation, a public goods, and an essential component of a national infrastructure. GNSS resilience may be accomplished only with complete understanding of the causes of GNSS positioning performance disruptions and degradations, presented in a form of applications- and scenarios-related models. Here the application of change-point detection methods is proposed and demonstrated in a selected scenario of a fast-developing ionospheric storm’s impact on GNSS positioning performance, as a novel contribution to forecasting GNSS positioning performance model development and GNSS utilisation risk mitigation.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 3; 575-579
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BeiDou and Galileo, Two Global Satellite Navigation Systems in Final Phase of the Construction, Visibility and Geometry
Autorzy:
Januszewski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
BeiDou
Galileo
GNSS construction
GNSS geometry
GNSS visibility
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Dilution of Precision (DOP)
Opis:
Spatial segment is one of three segments of each satellite navigation systems (SNS). Nowadays two SNSs, GPS and GLONASS, are fully operational, two next SNSs, BeiDou in China and Galileo in Europe, are in final phase of the construction. In the case of China system this segment will consist of 35 satellites with three types of orbits ? medium (MEO), geostationary (GEO) and inclined geosynchronous (IGSO). As GEO and IGSO satellites can be used in China and Asia-Pacific region only, BeiDou MEO constellation with 27 fully operational satellites will be taken into account in this paper. The orbital planes of the Galileo constellation will be divided in “slots” that contains at least one operational satellite. The Galileo reference constellation has 24 nominal orbital positions or operational slots in MEO homogeneously distributed in 3 orbital planes; i.e. 8 slots equally spaced per plane. As the error of user’s position obtained from both systems depends on geometry factor DOP (Dilution Of Precision) among other things the knowledge of the number of satellites visible by the user above given masking elevation angle Hmin and the distributions of DOP coefficient values, GDOP in particular, is very important. The lowest and the greatest number of satellites visible in open area by the observer at different latitudes for different Hmin, the percentage of satellites visible above angle H, distributions (in per cent) of satellites azimuths and GDOP coefficient values for different Hmin for BeiDou and Galileo systems at different latitudes are presented in the paper.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 3; 381-387
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An SDR-based Study of Multi-GNSS Positioning Performance During Fast-developing Space Weather Storm
Autorzy:
Filić, M.
Filjar, R.
Ruotsalainen, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117597.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
utilization of GNSS
Global Positioning System (GPS)
GLONASS
RTKLIB
multi-GNSS
space weather storm
GNSS SDR Receiver
Opis:
The understanding of the ionospheric effects on GNSS positioning performance forms an essential pre-requisite for resilient GNSS development. Here we present the results of a study of the effects of a fast-developing space weather disturbance on the positioning performance of a commercial-grade GPS+GLONASS receiver. Using experimentally collected pseudoranges and the RTKLIB, an open-source software-defined GNSS radio receiver operating in the simulation mode, we assessed GNSS positioning performance degradations for various modes of GNSS SDR receiver operation, and identified the benefits of utilisation of multi-GNSS and ionospheric error correction techniques.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 3; 395-400
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foundations of GNSS spoofing detection and mitigation with distributed GNSS SDR receiver
Autorzy:
Filić, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117522.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
positioning
Navigation and Timing (PNT)
cyber attack
Spoofing Detection and Mitigation (SDM)
GNSS SDM
spoofing
GNSS receiver
GNSS spoofing attack
Opis:
GNSS spoofing is an intentional and malicious action aimed at degrading and suppressing GNSS Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services. Since it affects data and information segment of GNSS, it is considered a GNSS information (cyber‐) security attack. Considering a significant and powerful threat, GNSS spoofing should be treated seriously to avoid damage and liabilities resulting from disruptions of GNSS PNT services. Here the GNSS position estimation procedure is examined for potential vulnerabilities, and the nature of and motivation for GNSS spoofing attacks exloiting the vulnerabilities assessed. A novel GNSS Spoofing Detection and Mitigation (GNSS SDM) method is proposed within the established computational and communication infrastructure, that allows for successful overcoming and classification of GNSS spoofing attacks. Proposed method is applicable without requirements for core GNSS modification, and leaves majority of user equipment easily transferable to the GNSS spoofing‐free environment. Potential GNSS spoofing effects and GNSS anti‐spoofing opportunities in maritime sector were given a particular attention.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 4; 649-656
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A South Pacific Cyclone-caused GPS positioning errorand Its impact on remote oceanic island communities
Autorzy:
Filić, M.
Filjar, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116266.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
South Pacific
tropical cyclones
Software-Defined Radio (SDR)
GPS positioning error
GNSS positioning performance
remote oceanic inland communities
GNSS resilience
Opis:
Satellite navigation gains importance in sustainable development of modern civilisation. With the increasing number of GNSS-based technology and socio-economic systems and services, satellite navigation has become an essential component of national infrastructure. This calls for novel requirements on GNSS positioning perfomance, and increasing need for resilient GNSS development. Here we examined the impact of rapidly developing tropical cyclone on GPS positioning performance degradation, and the resulting impact on oceanic non-navigation and navigation GPS applications. We presented the methodology for indirect simulation-based GPS positioning performance evaluation through utilisation of experimental GPS observations, GNSS Software-Defined Radio (SDR) receiver, and a statistical analysis and framework we developed in the R environment for scientific computing. We identified alteration of GPS positioning error components time series statistical properties, and discuss the potential impact on GPS-based services essential for remote oceanic island communities. Manuscript concludes with the summary of findings, proposal for recommendations on improved GNSS resilience, and an outline for future research.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 4; 663-670
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Logistic map-encrypted Chaotic Ranging code as a proposed alternative to GNSS PRN Pseudorange Code
Autorzy:
Filić, M.
Dimc, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117574.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
Chaotic Ranging Code (CRC)
Pseudo-Random Noise (PRN)
Gold PRN Code
cyber attack
GNSS spoofing attack
cyber security
GNSS PRN Pseudorange Code
Opis:
Pseudo-Random Noise (PRN) Gold code was selected for utilisation as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) pseudo-range measurement code sequence. Recent studies revealed a potential security vulnerability issue due to the Gold PRN code utilisation in a GNSS-related cyber-attack known as GNSS spoofing. Here a PRN code construction method based on chaotic-form logistic map is proposed as an alternative to the existing Gold code practice. Dubbed Chaotic Ranging Code (CRC), is a PRN code generation method that generates ranging code with orthogonal properties as good as, if not better, then those of the Gold PRN code, while assuming the encryption embedded in the proposed CRC code provides improved GNSS information security.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 3; 587-590
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A method and a model for risk assessment of GNSS utilisation with a proof-of-principle demonstration for polar GNSS maritime applications
Autorzy:
Malić, E.
Sikirica, N.
Špoljar, D.
Filjar, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
GNSS
GNSS Positioning Performance Degradation
assessment of risk
lonospheric delay
intelligent maritime traffic
maritime applications
polar region
polar navigation
Opis:
The GNSS positioning performance is commonly defined and described in terms unspecified to particular GNSS-based application. The approach causes difficulties to GNSS application developers, operators, and users, rendering the impact assessment of GNSS performance on the GNSS application Quality of Service (QoS) particularly difficult. Here the Probability of Occurrence (PoO) Model is introduced, which allows for a risk assessment of the probability for the GNSS positioning accuracy failure to meet the requirements of the particular GNSS-based application. The proposed PoO Model development procedure requires a large set of position estimation errors observations, which shall cover a range of classes of positioning environment (space weather, troposphere, multi-path etc.) disturbances affecting GNSS positioning accuracy. As result, the PoO Model becomes a tool that returns the probability of failure in meeting the positioning accuracy requirements of the GNSS applications considered, thus providing the input for a GNSS deployment risk assessment. The proposed PoO Model and its development procedure are demonstrated in the case of polar region positioning environment, with raw GNSS pseudorange observations taken at the International GNSS Service (IGS) Network reference station Iqualuit, Canada are used for the PoO Model development. The PoO Model proof-of-principle is then used to estimate the probability of the unmet required positioning accuracy for a number of polar maritime navigation applications. Manuscript concludes with a discussion of the PoO Model benefits and shortcomings, a summary of contribution, and intentions for the future research.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 1; 43--50
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Guidance for the preparation of EGNOS National Market Analysis
Autorzy:
Fellner, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116112.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
EGNOS
EGNOS National Market Analysis
GSA (European GNSS Agency)
GNSS
SHERPA project (support ad-Hoc to eastern region with pre-operational actions on GNSS)
aviation
international standardization
PANSA (Polish Air Navigation Services Agency)
Opis:
The objective of this article is to provide some guidance to perform the activities regarding to “The EGNOS country market analysis”. Such analyses are necessary during the implementation of EGONS for operational activity. The presented algorithm of proceedings was validated during conducted examinations, of aviation tests in the framework of the SHERPA project (Support ad-Hoc to Eastern Region with Pre-operational Actions on GNSS) under the Agreement Grant No. 287246 with the GSA (European GNSS Agency). Next it was admitted as the European model of conducting analyses of this type in aviation.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 2; 349-355
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Teaching Celestial Navigation in the Age of GNSS
Autorzy:
Ibáñez, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117421.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
celestial navigation
age of GNSS
astronavigation
teaching celestial navigation
Maritime Education and Training (MET)
MET System in Spain
STCW
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
Opis:
Over the past two decades, we have witnessed the astounding development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Celestial navigation has gradually been declining, displaced by the availability of these new, accurate, and easy-to-use electronic systems. Nonetheless, according to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW), deck officers onboard merchant ships must have been trained in the observance of celestial bodies to plot the ship’s position and to calibrate compass error. It is a real challenge in the current context to which lecturers in nautical astronomy can respond through innovation in their teaching methods. A new approach to training students in celestial navigation at the Nautical College of the University of the Basque Country is discussed in this paper. It has already achieved promising results in comparison with the traditional teaching methodology, and is both efficient and effective. The adoption of institutional measures is also proposed to ensure that the competence acquired in the training phase is at all times present throughout professional practice.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 3; 573-584
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the Effect of Time Delay on the Integrated GNSS/INS Navigation Systems
Autorzy:
Yang, C.K.
Shim, D.S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
time delay
inertial navigation system (INS)
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
computer simulation
Opis:
The performance of tightly coupled GNSS/INS integration is known to be better than that of loosely coupled GNSS/INS integration. However, if the time synchronization error occurs between the GNSS receiver and INS(Inertial Navigation System), the situation reverses. The performance of loosely coupled GNSS/INS integration and tightly coupled GNSS/INS integration is analyzed and compared due to time synchronization error by computer simulation.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2013, 7, 2; 199-204
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Flexible Software Design for Korean WA-DGNSS Reference Station
Autorzy:
Choi, W.S.
Chhattan, S.S.
Kye, J.E.
Han, W.Y.
Yun, H.
Kee, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
Flexible Software Design
Wide area Reference Station (WRS)
Opis:
In this paper, we describe the software design results of WA‐DGNSS reference station that will be constructed in Korea in the near future. Software design of the WRS (Wide area Reference Station) is carried out by applying object oriented software methodology in order to provide flexibilities: easy of model change (namely ionospheric delay model etc) and system addition (Galileo, GLONASS in addition to GPS etc). Software design results include the use case diagrams for the functions to be executed, the architecture diagram showing components and their relationships, the activity diagrams of behaviors and models among them, and class diagrams describing the attribute and operation.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2013, 7, 1; 75-78
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Korean WA-DGNSS User Segment Software Design
Autorzy:
Shah, S. T.
Choi, W.S.
Han, W.Y.
Yun, H.
Kee, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
global navigation satellite system (GNSS)
Global Positioning System GPS
User Segment
GPS Data Processing Classes
Opis:
Korean WA‐DGNSS is a large scale research project funded by Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs Korea. It aims to augment the Global Navigation Satellite System by broadcasting additional signals from geostationary satellites and providing differential correction messages and integrity data for the GNSS satellites. The project is being carried out by a consortium of universities and research institutes. The research team at Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute is involved in design and development of data processing softwares for wide area reference station and user segment. This paper focuses on user segment software design. Korean WA‐DGNSS user segment software is designed to perform several functions such as calculation of pseudorange, ionosphere and troposphere delays, application of fast and slow correction messages, and data verification. It is based on a layered architecture that provides a model to develop flexible and reusable software and is divided into several independent, interchangeable and reusable components to reduce complexity and maintenance cost. The current version is designed to collect and process GPS and WADGNSS data however it is flexible to accommodate future GNSS systems such as GLONASS and Galileo.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2013, 7, 1; 69-74
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of Positioning Functionality in ASG EUPOS for Hydrography and Off-Shore Navigation
Autorzy:
Rogowski, J.
Specht, C.
Weintrit, A.
Leszczyński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116967.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
geodesy
ASG-EUPOS
Gulf of Gdansk
hydrography
offshore navigation
Positioning Functionality
Opis:
The paper discusses the ASG EUPOS services. There is presented an assessment of the possibility of using this system selected sites in hydrography and off-shore navigation tasks. Presented and analyzed the experiments were carried out in the port of Gdynia and on the Gulf of Gda?sk. The results obtaining in the work confirm the possibility of the position accuracy guaranteed by ASG EUPOS services. The obtained accuracy greatly exceeds the needs and requirements of coastal navigation and underwater mining and exploration of sea bottom.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2015, 9, 2; 221-227
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling GPS positioning performance in Northwest Passage during extreme space weather conditions
Autorzy:
Špoljar, D.
Jukić, O.
Sikirica, N.
Lenac, K.
Filjar, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Global Positioning System
Northwest Passage
Global Navigation Satellite System
Software Defined Radio (SDR)
GNSS SDR Receiver
GPS Position
Opis:
New shipping routes are emerging as a result of iceberg melting in polar regions, allowing for more efficient transport of people and goods. Opening of the Northwest Passage, the maritime route connecting Pacific Ocean with Atlantic Ocean through Arctic region, is considered such a development. The increasing transport exploitation of the Northwest Passage requires the quality assessment of maritime navigation aids for compliance with the established requirements. Here we contribute to the subject with addressing the polar commercial-grade GPS positioning performance in the Northwest Passage in the extreme positioning environment conditions during the massive 2003 space weather storm, a space weather event similar to the Carrington Storm of 1859, the largest space weather event recorded. The GPS positioning environment in the Northwest Passage during the Carrington-like storm in 2003 was reconstructed through the GNSS SDR receiver-post processing of the experimental GPS observations. The raw GPS dual-frequency pseudoranges and navigation messages were collected at the International GNSS Service (IGS) reference station at Ulukhaktok, Victoria Island, Canada. Pseudorange processing and GPS position estimation were performed in three scenarios of pre-mitigation of the ionospheric effects, known as the single major contributor GPS positioning error: (i) no corrections applied, (ii) Klobuchar-based corrected GPS positioning, and (iii) dual-frequency corrected GPS positioning. Resulting GPS positioning error vectors were derived as positioning error residuals from the known reference station position. Statistical properties of the northing, easting, and vertical components of the GPS positioning error vector were analyzed with a software developed in the R environment for statistical computing to select suitable methods for the GPS positioning error prediction model development. The analysis also identified the most suitable theoretical fit for experimental statistical distributions to assist the model development. Finally, two competitive GPS positioning error prediction models were developed, based on the exponential smoothing (reference) and the generalized regression neural networks (GRNN) (alternative) methods. Their properties were assessed to recommend their use as mitigation methods for adverse massive space weather effects in polar regions.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 1; 165-169
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Signal Research for Alternative Baltic Navigation System
Autorzy:
Dziewicki, M.
Młotkowski, J.
Stupak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841574.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
navigation systems
Baltic Navigation System
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
IALA recommendations
Horizontal Dilution of Precision
Real Time Kinematic (RTK)
Opis:
In the project R-Mode a navigation system for Baltic Sea is designed. In the range of these actions in summer of 2020 the signal for DGPS base station Rozewie were adopted and measurements on the sea were performer. This experiment is shown in the article.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 4; 799-802
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies