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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Spalanie pozostałości pozrębowych, a emisja lotnych produktów
    Burning of wood slash as a source of air pollution
    Autorzy:
    Wojtkowiak, R.
    Nowiński, M.
    Tomczak, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026618.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    tlenki azotu
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    spalanie
    odpady pozrebowe zob.pozostalosci zrebowe
    gazy
    dwutlenek wegla
    dwutlenek siarki
    tlenek wegla
    lesnictwo
    zanieczyszczenia powietrza
    emisja zanieczyszczen
    dwutlenek azotu
    burning
    utilization
    wood slash
    bonfire
    air pollution
    Opis:
    Concentrations of gaseous air pollutants were measured during burning of wood slash in a clear−cut pine forest stand. Large amounts of CO2 and CO were produced in this process, and the forest ecosystem lost considerable amounts of nitrogen and sulphur. In the study area, increased concentrations of NO, NO2, CO and SO2 were detected in the air. Instantaneous concentrations of NO2 and SO2 sometimes exceeded permissible levels.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2003, 147, 08; 55-60
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pakietowanie pozostałości zrębowych nowym sposobem wykorzystania biomasy leśnej do celów energetycznych
    Bundling of logging residues - a new method to use biomass for energy purposes
    Autorzy:
    Chlebowski, K.
    Jabłoński, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1006454.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    surowce energetyczne
    biomasa lesna
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    pakietowanie
    energy wood
    logging residues
    wood harvesting
    slash bundler
    Opis:
    Woody fuels are perceived as an important potential renewable source of energy in Poland. With about 25 thousand ha of clear−cut every year, it is possible to collect over million tons of woody fuels in form of logging residues, which is usually left behind after timber and industrial wood have been taken away. The technology using slash bundlers for bundling logging residues is an interesting option to produce a woody fuel ready for burning. Logging residues bundles differ in their dimensions and weight depending on the bundling machine used for the operation. As the technology utilises green branches and tree tops for producing bundles, it may lead to losses in the amount of certain chemical elements in the forest site thus negatively affecting the future forest generations. The complexity of the problem calls for intensive research into the problem of using logging residues as a source of energy.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2012, 156, 04; 315-320
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Udział oraz dokładność szacowania pozostałości zrębowych w ogólnej masie pozyskanego drewna
    Share and accuracy of estimation of logging residues in the total volume of harvested timber
    Autorzy:
    Gendek, A.
    Wężyk, P.
    Moskalik, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986464.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    miazszosc
    biomasa drzewna
    szacowanie biomasy
    timber harvesting
    forest biomass
    logging residues
    estimation
    Opis:
    Due to the observed impacts of climate change on the natural environment, the demand for energy from renewable sources is growing, especially in the last decades. One of the possibilities in this respect is the use of forest biomass, especially that one which comes from logging residues. This type of wood raw material is obtained primarily in mature forests and during late thinnings. Estimation of the expected volume of logging residues from a particular cutting site is currently carried out in the State Forests, National Forest Holding with an accuracy oscillating at an acceptable level of ±40%. The purpose of this study was to estimate the share of logging residues in the total volume of the harvested biomass and to determine the difference and error between the estimated volume to be sold and actually harvested. The research was carried out at the 164 logging sites located in 10 forest districts of north−eastern part of Poland. The average volume of logging residues was 37.7 ±14.4 m3/ha, and the average error of their estimation was –6.1%.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 08; 679-687
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Grzyby saproksyliczne w resztkach pozrębowych sosny zwyczajnej
    Saproxylic fungi in the Scots pine woody debris
    Autorzy:
    Kwaśna, H.
    Łakomy, P.
    Gornowicz, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989591.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    zreby
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    mikologia
    grzyby saproksyliczne
    drewno martwe
    biodegradacja
    deadwood quality and amount
    nutritional preferences
    saproxylic fungi
    succession
    Opis:
    Awareness of the importance of the presence of deadwood in forest ecosystems has increased in recent decades. Today, deadwood is not only recognized as a key element in carbon sequestration, nutrient supply and water retention, but is also known to be a reservoir of saproxylic species (species associated with the decay of wood on living and dead trees). The amount of deadwood in clear−cut forest is currently higher than 100 years ago. The issue of how much deadwood and of what quality (including size) there should be in order to promote the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity and sustainable forest management is still vivid. Mycological analyses to determine (i) structure of fungal communities in Scots pine wood debris, (ii) sources and reservoirs of fungi, (iii) nutritional preferences of fungi, and (iv) potential rate and dynamics of wood decomposition were carried out on an ‘old' and ‘fresh' wood (stumps, branches and boughs) from Jedwabno Forest District (north−eastern Poland). Fungi from 62 wood samples were isolated on two artificial media (PDA and SNA) and identified according to their morphology. Eleven species of Zygomycota, 79 of Ascomycota and 15 of Basidiomycota were detected. The majority of species (91%) colonized many samples. Only 9% of species colonized single samples only. The most common species, with high rates of colonization, included Acremonium spp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium spp., Epicoccum nigrum, Lecythophora spp., Mariannaea elegans, Ophiostoma + Sporothrix spp., Penicillium spp., Phialocephala spp., Phialophora spp., Phlebiopsis gigantea, Phoma spp., Sarocladium strictum, Scytalidium lignicola, Sydowia polyspora, Trichoderma spp. (mainly T. harzianum and T. viride) and Umbelopsis spp. A few species occurred only on stumps or only on branches. More species occurred on 'old' wood than on 'fresh' wood. The average level of sample colonization by a single fungal species was higher (non−significantly) on 'old' than on 'fresh' wood, and on branches than on stumps. The results show that deadwood is a habitat for many fungal species that occur in succession. The presence of deadwood in clear−cut forest and in its neighborhood is necessary for the conservation of saproxylic fungal diversity and ecological sustainability of forests.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 05; 355-364
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ biomasy pochodzącej z resztek pozrębowych na właściwości gleb
    Effect of biomass from the post-harvest logging residues on soil properties
    Autorzy:
    Błonska, E.
    Kacprzyk, M.
    Wróblewska, K.
    Lasota, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979193.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    biomasa
    zagospodarowanie
    leśnictwo
    pozostałośći zrębowe
    gleby leśne
    włąsciwości chemiczne
    właściwości biochemiczne
    aktywnośc enzymatyczna
    soil biochemical properties
    enzymatic activity
    post−harvest residues
    Picea abies
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different management treatments of Norway spruce post−harvest logging residues on soil properties. The study compared the impact of residues chipping and arrangement into the stacks. The investigation was carried out in the Nowy Targ Forest District (southern Poland). 15 research plots were selected for the analysis (5 plots with wood chips, 5 with stacks and 5 control ones). In May 2018, on each research plot soil samples for laboratory analysis were collected from the surface horizon (0−10 cm depth). Basic properties (pH, carbon and nitrogen content, base cations content) and enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, urease and−glucosidase) were determined. The obtained results confirm the influence of post−harvest logging residues management on soil properties. The significant differences in soil carbon content between soils of different plots variants were noted. Soils of research plots with wood chips and stacks were characterized by higher content of carbon compared to the control research plots. At the same time soils with post−harvest logging residues had a higher biochemical activity expressed by enzymatic activity. The nutrients released from decaying post−harvest logging residues stimulated the microbiological activity of the soils.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 02; 110-117
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wybrane technologiczne i ekonomiczne aspekty balotowania pozostałości pozrębowych
    Some technological and economic aspects of logging residues bundling
    Autorzy:
    Moskalik, T.
    Sadowski, J.
    Zastocki, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    biomasa lesna
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    balotowanie odpadow
    aspekty technologiczne
    aspekty ekonomiczne
    produkcja balotow
    koszty produkcji
    wydajnosc pracy
    bundling
    slash
    forest biomass
    renewable energy
    work and cost−efficiency
    Opis:
    As the access to the fossil fuels is limited, renewable energy sources have been especially intensively promoted in recent years, namely biomass. A comparatively large amount of biomass can be obtained from forests. This refers to round wood characterized by low technical quality, small−sized wood, and logging residues. Under Polish conditions, the potential amount of logging residues is estimated at 3−5 Mio. m³ per year, depending on different scenarios of their ulitization. Intense development of technologies for energy acquisition from the forest biomass has provided conditions facilitating the use of logging residues on an industrial scale. One of the possible solutions is bundling. In this process slash is compacted into cylindrical log−like units with diameter of ca. 65−75 cm and length of 2.5−3.0 m. The bundles can be forwarded to the roadside landing with standard forwarders and transported to the terminal or end−user with trucks utilized, first of all, by a round wood hauling. The John Deere slash bundler 1490D was the subject of the study. The basic unit of the bundling device was an eight−wheel forwarder. The study area was located in north−eastern Poland and comprised 10 selected plots. They represent coniferous stands, dominated by Scots pine with various fraction of Norway spruce and scattered birches. The aim of the paper was to estimate the basic technological and economic parameters of the bundling machine, working in clear cuts with two variants of logging residues concentration. In the first variant they were not especially accumulated, evenly distributed over the area. In the other one they were gathered into piles. The structure of a working day, work productivity rates, and the costs were determined. The bundler productivity rate depends largely on the extent the slash is prepared. When it is concentrated in piles, the machine does not have to travel over the entire work area to gather scattered material. In this case, the average productivity was 21.85 bundles/h. In the variant with scattered logging residues, work efficiency equaled 15.19 bundles/h. The hourly cost of the bundler use reached 289.42 PLN. The unit costs were at the level of 52.91 PLN/m³ (variant 1) and 38.54 PLN/m³ (variant 2).
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 01; 31-39
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ sposobu postępowania z pozostałościami zrębowymi i przygotowania gleby na zrębie na wzrost sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) w 6-letniej uprawie
    Effects of logging slash management methods and soil preparation methods on the clear-cut on growth of 6-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand
    Autorzy:
    Żybura, H.
    Aleksandrowicz-Trzcińska, M.
    Drozdowski, S.
    Wołczyk, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989272.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    zreby
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    postepowanie z pozostalosciami zrebowymi
    przygotowanie gleby
    odnowienia lasu
    odnowienia przez sadzenie
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    uprawy sosnowe
    wzrost roslin
    przezywalnosc
    zageszczenie drzew
    logging slash
    planting
    scots pine
    soil preparation
    Opis:
    Different methods of logging slash management (LSM) and methods of soil preparation (MSP) can create different conditions for the growth of forest trees. This occurs through variation in soil aeration, tree nutrition or microbial conditions. These factors are modified by climate, soil fertility, treats from insects or fungal pathogens and renewed species. The aim of this study was to compare effects of three LSM methods: 1) crushing and mixing with the soil by Mery Crusher, 2) chopping and leaving on the soil surface, and 3) removal from the clear−cut, and three MSP: 1) double−mouldboard forest plough LPz−75, 2) active plough U−162, and 3) forest mill FAO−FAR FV 4088 on biometric parameters, density and survival of six−years old Scots pine seedlings. Field research was conducted in Narol Forest District (south−eastern Poland). The soil in the study area was classified as brown podzolic, formed on loose sands with typical mor humus.The experiment was established by planting 10 000 one−year−old pine seedlings per hectare, after clear cut and followed by a two−factor block design consisting of nine variants distinguished on the basis of LSM and MSP randomly assigned to each of the three blocks. Tree height and root collar diameter were measured three times, at the end of 1st, 3rd and 6th growing season. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the size of the analyzed parameters of planted seedlings. Seedlings in the variant with site preparation by crusher and forest mill were slightly higher and thicker. This indicates the better trophic conditions in that variant. LSM did not affect either seedlings density or their survival. A slightly higher survival rate and tree density occurred in variants with crusher regardless of soil preparation method. It follows that, all presented experimental variants give similar results. Therefore, selection of the most appropriate methods of site and soil preparation should primarily respect ecological and economic indicators, and such local factors as microclimate, mainly precipitation, site fertility and threats from pests and fungal diseases.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 04; 267-276
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Odpady drzewne w świetle polskich i unijnych przepisów prawnych
    Waste wood under Polish and European Union law
    Autorzy:
    Kurowska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989847.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    odpady drzewne
    odpady lesne
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    odpady pouzytkowe
    drewno pouzytkowe
    odpady przemyslowe
    zagospodarowanie odpadow
    przepisy prawne
    przepisy polskie
    przepisy unijne
    waste wood
    wastes from forestry
    post−industrial waste wood
    post−consumer waste wood
    law
    Opis:
    No separate legislative acts are in force in Poland or the European Union that would regulate waste wood issues directly. Therefore, the analysis presented in this paper concerns legislation applying generally to waste, including waste wood. The issues discussed include terminology, classification and waste wood management. Pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC, waste is any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard. This definition of waste has remained unchanged in the amended Waste Act in Poland. Waste classification issues are partly resolved in the European Waste Catalogue. A national waste catalogue has been created, in which waste has been divided into 20 groups, depending on the source from which it is generated. Waste wood has been allocated to seven groups, and in particular to group 03. It is worth mentioning that the catalogue does not include a number of wood waste groups, namely OSB, fibreboard, plywood, board cutting waste, as well as products made from them, etc. This leads to problems with the interpretation of regulations concerning, in particular, the combustion of biomass. The priority task in waste management is waste prevention, followed by the preparation of waste for reuse, its recycling and finally other recovery methods, i.e. energy recovery or waste disposal. In view of the above, energy recover, as well as the reprocessing of waste into materials to be used as fuel or for backfilling or landfilling operations, is not a form of recycling. In spite of these assumptions, legislative acts are in force which regulate actions aimed at increasing the use of waste wood for energy recovery purposes. Regulations promoting the use of waste wood for energy recovery purposes can also be found in Polish legislation. The paper points out to the absence of clear and comprehensive legal solutions concerning waste wood management. This situation results in serious difficulties in the rational use of waste wood as one of the main sources of timber. It also leads to problems with estimating the quantity of waste wood and, consequently, prevents the correct assessment of its potential for use by particular sectors of the economy.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 05; 355-360
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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