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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Molekularna identyfikacja gatunków z rodzaju Abies na podstawie polimorfizmu DNA mitochondrialnego
    Molecular identification of species from Abies genus based on the mitochondrial DNA polymorphism
    Autorzy:
    Pawlaczyk, E.M.
    Staniak, J.
    Maliński, T.
    Bobowicz, M.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989708.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    genetyka roslin
    jodla
    Abies
    gatunki roslin
    identyfikacja
    haplotypy
    DNA mitochondrialny
    polimorfizm DNA
    abies species
    haplotype
    capillary electrophoresis
    mitochondrial marker
    Opis:
    The plant material was collected on 34 individuals growing in the Dendrological Garden of Poznań University of Life Sciences (52°25'32,95" N 16°53'39,83" E) and Botanical Garden of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (52°25'11,70" N 16°52'55,07" E). The species for this study originated from Europe, Asia Minor, central and eastern Asia and North America and included: Abies alba, Abies cephalonica, Abies cilicica, Abies equi−trojani, Abies sibirica, Abies koreana, Abies pinsapo, Abies ×insignis, Abies bornmulleriana, Abies homolepsis, Abies holophylla, Abies grandis, Abies concolor, Abies concolor var. violacea, Abies concolor var. lowiana, Abies nordmanniana, Abies ×arnoldiana, Abies nephrolepis and Abies balsamea. The aim of this study was to define the species haplotypes (the length of allele) on the basis of nad5−4 mitochondrial DNA marker detected by capillary electrophoresis. This marker has been suggested as an easy−to−use tool to distinguish species of the Abies genus and it could be species−specific. Seven different haplotypes were identified. The first one appears in the species from Europe, Asia and North America. The second one was detected in firs from Europe and Asia Minor. A. cephalonica and A. sibirica were identified by the third haplotype, which occurs also in A. alba from the Balkan region. The fourth haplotype is characteristic for species from Asia and North America. The fifth and sixth haplotypes were identified in A. pinsapo and A. numidica. The seventh haplotype was detected only in A. holophylla. Applied marker is a very useful for verification of fir species especially allopatric species, less for parapatric ones. This marker is more helpful to exclude the species than to precisely identify them.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 08; 675-683
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Weryfikacja pochodzenia drzewiastych form kosodrzewiny na terenie Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego na podstawie polimorfizmu miejsc insercji transpozonów
    Origin assessment of woody mountain pine forms in the Tatra National Park based on transposon insertional polymorphism
    Autorzy:
    Polok, K.
    Zwijacz-Kozica, T.
    Zieliński, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989538.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Tatrzanski Park Narodowy
    sosna gorska
    Pinus mugo
    sosna drzewokosa
    Pinus x rhaetica
    pochodzenie roslin
    identyfikacja
    metody badan
    insercja transpozonow
    pinus×rhaetica
    dna markers
    ssap
    genetic similarity
    Opis:
    Closely related Pinus species, mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), belong to native woody species in the Tatra National Park (TPN, southern Poland). Their occurrence in close proximity can lead to the formation of natural hybrids known as Pinus × rhaetica, which is a woody, often polycormic form. Pinus×rhaetica is described in the TPN, but there has been a great deal of disagreement over its origin. The goal of the studies was to verify the taxonomic status of individuals identified as Pinus×rhaetica that grew in the eight stands together with P. mugo and P. sylvestris by SSAP (Sequence Specific Amplification Polymorphism) analysis of transposon insertional polymorphism. In total, 34 Pinus×rhaetica, 25 P. mugo and 27 P. sylvestris individuals were tested in addition to 20 individuals of P. uliginosa from ‘Torfowisko pod Węglińcem' and ‘Wielkie Torfowisko Batorowskie' as well as 25 individuals of P. uncinata from the Austrian Alps as the control groups. Four transposon sequences were employed: a DNA transposon from the CACTA family, Tpo and retrotransposons – two gypsy (Ogre, IFG7) and one copia like (Bare). All species belonging to the Pinus mugo complex are highly variable with 49−81% polymorphic loci and genetic diversity, HTequals 0.228−0.307 with the highest values in Pinus×rhaetica. Surprisingly, P. sylvestris proves to be the least variable species, likely because of a narrow gene pool in small, scattered stands in the Tatras. Very low Nei's genetic similarities between P. sylvestris and Pinus mugo complex, especially in comparison with P. uliginosa (I=0.548) and P. mugo (I=0.558) exclude unequivocally the possibility of spontaneous hybridization among these taxa. Thus, it undermines the hypothesis about hybrid origin of Pinus×rhaetica in the Tatras. It proves to be a morphological form of P. mugo as assessed from the Nei's coefficient, I=0.985 which is well within a range of conspecific populations. Finally, none of the studied individuals of Pinus×rhaetica are derived from seeds of Alpine P. uncinata.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 07; 573-581
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Patogenne lęgniowce z rodzaju Phytophthora - nowe zagrożenie lasów w Europie
    Pathogenic oomycetes of Phytophthora genus - a new threat to forests in Europe
    Autorzy:
    Ajchler, M.
    Łobocka, M.
    Oszako, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986789.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    fitopatologia lesna
    zagrozenia drzewostanow
    czynniki chorobotworcze
    legniowce
    Oomycetes
    Phytophthora
    fytoftoroza
    identyfikacja
    epidemiologia
    Phytophthora alni
    Phytophthora cactorum
    Phytophthora cambivora
    Phytophthora cinnamomi
    Phytophthora citrophthora
    Phytophthora quercina
    Phytophthora plurivora
    Phytophthora ramorum
    ochrona lasu
    zwalczanie chorob roslin
    oomycetes
    phytophthora
    molecular typing
    plant pathogens
    biocontrol
    Opis:
    Pathogenic oomycetes represented mainly by the species of Phytophthora genus are among the most dangerous plant pathogens. They pose a serious threat for agricultural as well as wild plants, and are involved in forest decline worldwide. Over 140 pathogenic Phytophthora species have been identified so far. The common infection symptoms include rotting of below− and above− ground parts of plants, causing weakness and slow decline of infected trees. The economic losses caused by certain Phytophthora species may rich even 100%. Globalization and border opening have facilitated the transport of plant material between countries and continents, thus increased the risk of transfer of various Phytophthora genus representatives to new geographical locations. Global warming (e.g. mild winters) have facilitated the expansion of species from southern to northern Europe. Among Polish Phytophthora isolates are species that have previously been known only in nurseries (e.g. P. cactorum), but nowadays they are also isolated from forests (e.g. oak stand in the Krotoszyn Plateau). It suggests the pathway from nurseries to stands with plant for plantings and attached soil. There are also new species, that have not been isolated so far in the world (P. polonica) or found far away from Poland (P. fragaliaefolia in Japan on strawberry). The possible natural pathways are birds and water courses. In Mazowsze and Wielkopolska regions (C and W Poland) the polyphagous P. cinnamomi was found on pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur). This species causes significant damage to red oak forest in France, but also threats Jarrah forests in the Australian ecosystem (it attacks ca. 1000 species of plants). Fortunately, in addition to time consuming and laborious classic methods of Phytophthora identification, based on morphology and physiological properties, molecular methods that are based on immunological tests and chromosomal or mito− chondrial DNA markers identification have come into common use. Despite morphological similarity to true fungi, oomycetes are more closely related to diatoms and brown algae, and have several structural features that differentiate them from fungi, including the cell wall composed of cellulose instead of chitin. That is one of the reasons that fungicides have a limited use in the fight with Phytophthora infections. Additionally, type of ecological niches that are settled by pathogenic oomycetes (root remnants in soil, watercourses) hinders the chemical combating. Biocontrol, i.e. the use of interspecies interactions between microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) to limit the growth and development of pathogens, seems to be a reasonable alternative.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 10; 870-880
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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