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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Problematyka stabilności ekosystemowej w rozwoju lasu wyłączonego z gospodarki leśnej
    Problems of ecosystem stability in the development of the forest excluded from commercial forest production
    Autorzy:
    Miś, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023137.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    ekosystemy lesne
    stabilnosc
    lasy wylaczone z gospodarki lesnej
    lesnictwo
    ecosystem stability
    forest development
    development model
    Opis:
    The paper presents an outline of problems associated with dynamic ecosystem stability viewed from the angle of a forest which was completely excluded from productive utilisation. The following notions were distinguished: forest stability, stand stability and managed forest stability. The author's own interpretation of forest development was presented. The model portrays the development of the forest and the role of self−regulation as a negative and positive feedback. The relationship between the effect of self−regulating capabilities and the effect of ecosystem resistance to de−stabilising actions was taken into consideration.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2004, 148, 06; 30-37
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Usługi ekosystemów leśnych jako przedmiot badań Zintegrowanego Monitoringu Środowiska Przyrodniczego
    Forests ecosystem services as the research subject of the Integrated Environmental Monitoring Programme
    Autorzy:
    Stępniewska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979238.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    uslugi ekosystemu
    Zintegrowany Monitoring Srodowiska Przyrodniczego
    leśnictwo
    ekosystemy leśne
    ecosystem services
    data sources
    place−based approach
    research programme
    Opis:
    The study presents the methodological and applicative scope of mapping and assessment of forests ecosystem services within the Integrated Environmental Monitoring Programme (IEMP). The IEMP operates within the State Environmental Monitoring Programme performed under the coordination of the Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. The program targeting at the ecosystem services is implemented in 11 IEMP research catchments, which are located taking into account a diversity of the landscape−ecological zones and physical−geographic regions across the country. The research, being conducted since 2015, includes: typology of ecosystems based on land use and land cover data, assessment of the potential of ecosystems to provide services using the bonitation matrix, and identification of ecosystem services indicators on the basis of the IEMP measurement programme. The results indicate that the differentiation of ecosystems mosaic between research catchments leads to a specific mixture of ecosystem services for each catchment. Regional variation of the ways and intensity of the ecosystems use by society determines the different importance of individual services. It can be concluded that the IEMP provides helpful data for recognizing the structure and value of forests ecosystem services in Poland. The vast scope of the IEMP measurement programme and diverse character of research catchments give the opportunity to investigate a broad spectrum of regulating ecosystem services. Further efforts should focus on strengthening the interpretation of the measured parameters in the context of benefits for human, and determining conditions for extrapolation of obtained values to other areas.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 02; 161-169
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bieganie jako forma rekreacji w lasach Polski i Republiki Czeskiej - zalety i wady
    Running as a form of recreation in the Polish and Czech forests – advantages and disadvantages
    Autorzy:
    Janeczko, E.
    Fialova, J.
    Tomusiak, R.
    Woźnicka, M.
    Prochazkova, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980339.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy
    rekreacja
    bieganie
    preferencje spoleczne
    badania ankietowe
    Polska
    Czechy
    recreation
    sport
    forest ecosystem services
    internet questionnaire
    social preferences
    Opis:
    The article presents a comparative analysis of social preferences related to running in the forests of Poland and the Czech Republic. The preferences were determined on the basis of a questionnaire distributed in 2016 via social media among people interested in running in in both countries. The survey covered 346 people over 18 years of age in Poland and 294 people from Czech Republic. The questionnaire included questions such as: the frequency of running in the forest, the preferred season for running and average number of running kilometers in the week and the views on advantages and disadvantages of running in forest areas. The results show that there is quite a lot of differences between the preferences of respondents from both of the analyzed countries. Statistical analysis was carried out using the chi−square test. The observed differences relate mainly to the choice of season for running in forests, the frequency of running in the forests, average distance covered in a week and the views on advantages of running in forest areas. The most preferred season for running in Polish forests was summer, then spring, while in Czech ones it was exactly the opposite. Most respondents in Poland run in the forest several times a week, whereas in the Czech Republic – several times a month. The most frequently mentioned advantages of running in Polish forests were: contact with nature, clean air, landscape – pleasant environment. In Czech forests among the most frequently mentioned advantages of running were: contact with nature, good quality surface and clean air. Subsequently, the respondents pointed to the lack of traffic control infrastructure, and lack or a small number of other recreational people. Among the disadvantages of running in the forest, respondents in both counties mentioned mainly: the presence of tick and hunters. Other factors limiting the comfort of running in the forests included: uneven road surface or problems with phone connection. Only the views on the subject of the attractiveness of the forests for running and disadvantages of running in forest areas were not significantly important.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 06; 522-528
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ gospodarki leśnej na przydatność lasów podmiejskich do rekreacji
    Effect of forest management on recreational usefulness of suburban forests
    Autorzy:
    Dudek, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987136.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    lasy podmiejskie
    uzytkowanie lasu
    uzytkowanie rekreacyjne
    przydatnosc do rekreacji
    forest recreation
    forest management
    ecosystem services
    forest use
    Opis:
    The article is related to recreational use of forests, a dynamically growing sector of forest exploita− tion complying with the European model of multifunctional forestry. The study examined the relation between selected forestry operations performed in forests and the level of their recre− ational usefulness (recreational potential), and separately between the type of forest−hold and the dominant function of forest versus its usefulness for recreation. The study was carried out in south−eastern Poland, in suburban forests of Rzeszów. Recreational potential was determined with the use of method commonly applied in Poland, based on assessment of several features of tree stands i.e. habitat moisture, age of tree stands, inclination of the terrain, stand density, presence of undergrowth and underbrush, soil cover, species composition of the stand. The rela− tionships were examined with chi−squared test and their strength was assessed with Cramér V index. Tree stands with recreational value account for nearly 72% of the relevant forest area. Mean recreational capacity of the forests amounted to 2.19 man−hour/ha/day. The results show statistically significant effect of forest management in recreational usefulness of tree stands. In the case of forestry operations and type of forest−hold, the relationship is weak, but moderate for forest function. The stands with the largest recreational usefulness where those in which lumber is acquired from small felling sites (92% of these were useful for recreation), or those located in protection forests and fulfilling water protection functions (not to be confused with protection of water intakes, i.e. special forests). Protection forests were found with twice as many recre− ationally useful stands (60%) than commercial forests (32%). Similarly, water−protecting forests were twice as useful for recreation (78%) as forests protecting urban areas (35%) and forests damaged by industry (37%). The main factors reducing recreational usefulness of forests include dense undergrowth and underbrush (40% of land cover). The study identifies the elements of commercial forestry resulting in greater recreational usefulness of forests; hence it is possible to designate tree stands, which can be additionally developed for tourism related purposes without a need to modify the existing principles of forest management. On the other hand, in forests accessible for leisure, foresters can enhance the increase in recreational potential of forests by conducting planned commercial operations.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 07; 583-591
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rola skoczogonków (Collembola, Hexapoda) w funkcjonowaniu ekosystemów leśnych
    The role of springtails (Collembola, Hexapoda) in forest ecosystems processes
    Autorzy:
    Sławska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1024205.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    materia organiczna
    ekosystemy lesne
    fauna glebowa
    sciolka lesna
    lesnictwo
    rozklad materii
    Collembola
    skoczogonki
    collembola
    soil food web
    decomposition
    forest ecosystem
    Opis:
    The paper provides a review of data on occurrence and importance of Collembola in forest ecosystems, emphasising their role in soil food web and nutrient cycling. Direct and indirect effect of sprintails on decomposition process in forest soils was presented.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2004, 148, 07; 53-71
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rekreacyjne użytkowanie lasu w bilansie rocznym nadleśnictwa a szacunkowa wartość rekreacyjnej funkcji lasów
    Forest recreation in annual balance sheet of a forest districts versus estimated recreational value of forests
    Autorzy:
    Dudek, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986695.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uzytkowanie lasu
    uzytkowanie rekreacyjne
    nadlesnictwa
    wartosc lasu
    wartosc rekreacyjna
    forest recreation
    value of forests
    valuation
    ecosystem services
    national forests
    Opis:
    The study was designed to determine current recreational value of the state forests in Poland from the viewpoint of their administrator (i.e. the State Forests National Forest Holding) and to compare this findings with the value estimated by other researchers. The research was conducted in 31% of all the forest districts administered by the State Forests. The survey was sent to these units by e−mail. It contained two questions about: (1) what part of the total annual expenditures of the forest district is connected with recreational development and use of forests, and (2) what part of the total annual revenues of the forest district is generated by recreational use of forests. Afterwards, the current recreational value of the State Forests was calculated. Budget related data come from the annual financial and operational statement of the State Forests. The findings show that operations linked with recreational use of forests in majority of the forest districts generate losses and only in some of them measurable financial gains are recorded. Costs linked to recreational use of forests are incurred by nearly all districts (97%), yet in the most cases they account for up to 3% of the total disbursements. Only 25% of the forest districts recorded revenues from this type of operations. The current recreational value of the State Forests in Poland is estimated to circa 8 USD/ha. Notably, this is a mean value for all national forests in Poland, yet not all of them are equally attractive to visitors. The relevant value for only urban and suburban forests equals 94 USD/ha, which is approximately 10% of the estimated value reported by other researchers. It can be assumed that the remaining part of the revenues generated by recreational function of forests represent earnings of local businesses (accommodation, catering, grocery shops, souvenirs, transport and other services). The present findings provide important information for the State Forest administrators and for the public. Forest administrators should seek the possibility to change above mentioned disadvantageous ratio to at least one of 3:7. Given this, a change in the national forest policy would be worth considering; a proposal for such transformation is presented.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 09; 748-755
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ cementowni Ożarów (Przedgórze Iłżeckie) na zmianę składu gatunkowego zbiorowisk borowych w latach 1993-2003
    Effect of Ozarow cement plant [Przedgorze Ilzeckie] on the changes floristic composition of a pine forest in the period between 1993-2003
    Autorzy:
    Świercz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016364.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    zmiany skladu gatunkowego
    zbiorowiska roslinne
    oddzialywanie na srodowisko
    cementownia Ozarow
    bor sosnowy
    lesnictwo
    Przedgorze Ilzeckie
    forest ecosystem
    alkalic dust
    podzol soils
    Opis:
    In the presented article there was an evaluation made to determine the impact of alkali anthropopressure on the compositions and construction of the forested complex. The basis for this analysis was a set of pictures taken in two time intervals around Ożarów cement plant. The dynamism of all changes in the biocenosis diversification in time was prepared with the use of basic diversification indicators: Shannon's, Simpson's, sustainability.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2007, 151, 05; 52-59
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ warstwy drzew na różnorodność roślinności zielnej w zbliżonych do naturalnych wielogatunkowych lasach Puszczy Sandomierskiej
    Influence of tree layer on the diversity of the herbaceous vegetation in the semi-natural mixed Sandomierz Forest
    Autorzy:
    Durak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989680.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany wielogatunkowe
    sklad gatunkowy
    struktura drzewostanu
    runo lesne
    ziola
    roznorodnosc gatunkowa
    rezerwat Las Klasztorny
    Puszcza Sandomierska
    biodiversity
    herbaceous layer
    ecosystem functioning
    monitoring
    Opis:
    Stand characteristics are important factors influencing the biodiversity of the herbaceous plants that play important roles in the functioning and shaping the structure of the forest. This study investigates the relationship between the characteristics of the tree layer and the diversity of the herbaceous layer in the semi−natural remnants of the former Sandomierz Forest (Kolbuszowa Plateau, SE Poland). The study was conducted in ‘Las Klasztorny' reserve on 40 circular plots (0.05 ha) centered on the nodes of a grid covering the area of the reserve. Each plot was analyzed in terms of the composition of the tree stand, and the height and diameter at the breast height (DBH) of live trees. In order to analyze species diversity in the herbaceous layer, the incidence of vascular plant species was recorded on 24 surfaces (1×1 m) along a transect passing through the center of each plots. For each plot the Shannon index of species diversity was calculated. Results were analyzed by multivariate PCA method. Average tree density in the reserve was 741 trees/ha and the average basal area was 33.4 m²/ha. Tree stands consisted mainly of Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Carpinus betulus. Fir and pine were the most frequent. Pine had the largest share in the total basal area. The first and second PCA axis demonstrated high correlation of herbaceous plant diversity with tree characteristics (r=0.95 and r=0.71, respectively). The first axis showed the greatest negative relation with beech basal area proportion, and positive dependence on oak density and share of pine in basal area on the research plots. The second gradient showed a strong positive correlation with oak basal area proportion, and negative with trees density. Correlation analysis of tree stand characteristics and the herbaceous layer confirmed the negative impact of beech on herbaceous layer diversity. It also indicated a positive dependence of the herbaceous layer species diversity on species richness in the tree layer, oak density and average DBH. The results indicated a positive dependence of herbaceous plant diversity on the development of the tree stand. The observed greater diversity of herbaceous plants in the old growth forests with diverse spatial and species structures indicates the high importance of the old stands in maintaining forest biodiversity.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 01; 45-52
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wybrane aspekty zrównoważonego użytkowania lasu w nawiązaniu do programu zrównoważonego rozwoju - przykład Polski
    Selected aspects of sustainable forest utilization with regard to the sustainable development program - Polish example
    Autorzy:
    Dudek, T.
    Zięba, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986663.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    gospodarka zrownowazona
    uzytkowanie lasu
    uzytkowanie zrownowazone
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    uzytkowanie rekreacyjne
    rozwoj zrownowazony
    Polska
    sustainable development
    forest recreation
    timber harvest
    ecosystem services
    paradigm
    Opis:
    The paper presents the ideas of sustainable development with regard to the specific forest issues and management of its resources. We consider two main directions of forest use, which have the greatest impact on the condition of forest environment, i.e. logging and recreational use of the forest. This confrontation shows how effective the instruments of sustainable development are in collision with, on the one hand, the pragmatic−economic issue of profitability and a specific profit from logging, and, on the other hand, with the autotelic tourist exploration of the forest. The aim of the paper was to discuss selected aspects of sustainable forest use with regard to the sustainable development program and to identify problems, which modern forest management (forest utilisation) faces as a result of society’s expectations and the possibilities of today’s forestry in Poland. The example of Poland shows that there is a full understanding of the need to preserve the forests in the landscape, which was reflected in the form of legal acts and adopted international regulations for sustainable forest management (most forests in Poland have PEFC and FSC certificates). However, considering forest use as one of the main branches of forest management, there is still a large deficit of pro−ecological logging technologies in Poland, especially from difficult mountain areas (about 150 cableways missing), which is largely due to economic factor. The other problem of sustainable forest use in Poland is still low social awareness of the consequences of negative human impact on the forest ecosystem, which is manifested, i.e. littering in forests. Garbage is left both during leisure in forest as well as brought in larger quantities creating so−called wild dumping sites frequently containing also hazardous waste. Another problem of contemporary forest use is the maintenance of durability of forest ecosystems in recreational and tourist areas, especially protected areas, and above all in national parks, most of which in Poland have a forest character. The scale of threat to forest sustainability is incomparably higher here than in economic forests, which results from the large number of visitors in the national parks.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 06; 469-478
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zagrożenia dla ekosystemu leśnego i odwiedzających obszary leśne w opinii turystów w Nadleśnictwie Krynki
    Threats to the forest ecosystem and visitors in forest areas in the opinion of tourist in the Krynki Forest District
    Autorzy:
    Konieczny, A.A.
    Gołos, P.
    Sikora, A.T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/974060.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy
    leśnictwo
    zagrożenia lasu
    zagrożenia człowieka
    turyści
    opinia społeczna
    ekosystemy leśne
    Nadleśnictwo Krynki
    quantitative survey of public opinion
    threats to the forest ecosystem
    threats to tourists
    Opis:
    The paper presents declarative opinions of 239 tourists who visited the area of the Krynki Forest District in July−September 2013. The opinions were collected in direct interviews using of a questionnaire. The analysis distinguished two groups of respondents: 135 people (56,5%) who visited the forest district for the first time, and 104 respondents (43,5%) for whom it was the subsequent visit. We analysed the opinion of tourists on such problems as: (1) anthropogenic threats to the forest ecosystem, (2) factors constituting a threat to visitors to forest areas, and (3) forms of recreation and rest that can be implemented in forest areas. To examine the significance of mean differences between analysed groups of respondents that differ in experience and hypothetical readiness to declare the amount of WTP> 0, the Mann−Whitney test was used. Respondents considered forest fires and garbage left in the forest as the greatest threat to forest ecosystems, while among factors threatening people resting in forest areas, respondents pointed to the natural factors such as vipers, ticks and mosquitoes. Respondents considered that admissible forms of recreation and rest in forest areas are sport and cross−country races, horse riding and cycling, while ones that pose a threat to forest ecosystems, e.g. organization of mass events or bonfires and family events with barbecue, should be prohibited. No impact on differences in the opinions declared by the respondents, their tourist experience or readiness to declare the amount of WTP was disclosed.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 01; 25-31
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ działalności bobra europejskiego (Castor fiber) w ekosystemach Bieszczadzkiego i Magurskiego Parku Narodowego na zgrupowania drobnych ssaków
    Impact of the European beaver (Castor fiber) activity on communities of small mammals in the ecosystems of Bieszczadzki and Magurski National Parks
    Autorzy:
    Mróz, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989822.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Bieszczadzki Park Narodowy
    Magurski Park Narodowy
    fauna
    bobr europejski
    Castor fiber
    oddzialywanie na ekosystemy
    przeksztalcenia siedlisk
    zgrupowania zwierzat
    drobne ssaki
    gryzonie
    Rodentia
    ryjowkoksztaltne
    Soricomorpha
    sklad gatunkowy
    roznorodnosc gatunkowa
    liczebnosc
    ecosystem engineer
    rodentia
    soricomorpha
    species diversity
    community composition
    Opis:
    Beavers activity i.e. dam building, burrows and canals digging and foraging, radically changes the environment at both abiotic and biotic level. The consequences of beavers activity for other organisms are visible mainly through changes in their habitats. Such changes influence the number, species composition and species diversity of numerous flora and fauna species. One group of species that also may be influenced by beavers activity are small mammals (Rodentia and Soricimorpha). In Bieszczadzki and Magurski National Parks (southern Poland), small mammals community has not been studied at beaver sites yet. The aim of this study was to determine species composition, species diversity, and the relative abundance of small mammals at beaver sites, comparing to sections of the stream not inhabited by beavers (control sites). Small mammals were captured in three types of habitats – meadow, forest and riparian woodlots. Transects with live−traps were set there within beaver and control sites. Captures were conducted from one to three times annually, during 2−3 consecutive years. Total trapping effort amounted to 2540 trapdays. It was found that species composition, species diversity, and also the relative abundance of small mammals did not differ significantly between beaver and control sites. Only M. agrestis had significantly higher share in the community at the beaver sites. In mountain conditions, the presence of beaver sites probably does not affect the communities and abundance of small mammals significantly.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 06; 498-504
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Problem masowego zamierania drzewostanów świerkowych w Leśnym Kompleksie Promocyjnym "Puszcza Białowieska"
    Problem of a massive dying-off of Norway spruce stands in the 'Bialowieza Forest' Forest Promotional Complex
    Autorzy:
    Brzeziecki, B.
    Hilszczański, J.
    Kowalski, T.
    Łakomy, P.
    Małek, S.
    Miścicki, S.
    Modrzyński, J.
    Sowa, J.
    Starzyk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985913.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lesne kompleksy promocyjne
    Lesny Kompleks Promocyjny Puszcza Bialowieska
    drzewostany swierkowe
    stan sanitarny
    zagrozenia drzewostanow
    szkodniki roslin
    kornik drukarz
    Ips typographus
    dynamika populacji
    gradacja
    drewno martwe
    grzyby patogeniczne
    zagrozenie pozarowe
    zamieranie lasow
    norway spruce bark beetle infestation
    białowieża forest
    ecosystem stability
    multifunctional forestry
    natura 2000 plc200004
    natural values
    world heritage site
    Opis:
    The Białowieża Forest (BF) is in many respects an exceptional object, of a great importance for nature protection and forest management, at the international scale. The BF plays also a key role from the point of view of regional development and welfare of local community. In the last period, a big threat for multiple values of the BF has arisen, as a result of enormous bark beetle infestation, which started in 2012 and has killed 1.4 million m3 of spruce trees. In the paper, first, a brief overview of the general history of the BF and an account of long−term human impacts on its functioning and structure is provided. Next, the history of bark beetle infestations in the BF is analysed. It is shown that, in the period 1992−2007, the average volume of spruces killed by bark beetle amounted on average to 20,000 m3 of wood annually. During that period practically all dead trees were removed from the forest by means of salvation cuttings. Starting from 2008, more and more trees infested by European spruce bark beetle were left in the forest, in a result of a pressure exerted by environmental groups. In 2012, Minister of Environment decided to reduce the allowable cut, determined in forest management plans elaborated for the managed part of the BF, from 107,000 to 48,500 m3/year. This decision, along with several other regulations and restrictions, made in practice impossible to stop the development of a current bark beetle infestation, which started in 2011 and intensified during the next 6 years (solely in 2016 bark beetles killed 480,000 m3 of spruce trees). In the paper, the most important implications and consequences of the current situation are briefly summarized and discussed. A special attention is given to the problems concerning: 1) protection of Natura 2000 species and sites (endangered by bark beetle outbreak), 2) a negative influence of large amounts of spruce deadwood on forest soils, 3) threats caused by pathogenic fungi, 4) question of public safety, 5) fire hazard, and 6) economical dimension. The legal and socio−economical foundations of the functioning of Hajnówka, Browsk and Białowieża forest districts comprising the managed part of the BF, as well as their most important environmental and social consequences are discussed too. Among others, it is indicated that, under current conditions of the BF, human intervention plays a key role in maintaining stable and compositionally diverse woodland communities. Finally, several suggestions and recommendations are provided, aimed at, in the short term, breaking off the current bark beetle outbreak, and, in the long term, at maintaining a multifunctional character of the BF and its ability to provide all important ecosystem services on a sustainable basis.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 05; 373-386
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sukcesja dębu w drzewostanach sosnowych na siedliskach borowych
    The oak succession in the pine stand in the coniferous forest habitat
    Autorzy:
    Gniot, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016532.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    sukcesja roslin
    drzewostany sosnowe
    siedliska borowe
    Quercus
    lesnictwo
    dab
    drzewa lesne
    natural succesion
    oak
    pure pine stand
    coniferous forest habitats
    silviculture
    transformation of the
    stand
    the complexity in the forest vegetation community
    the biological diversity in the forest
    forestry
    headquater
    balanced proecological forest management unit
    the function of the forest
    multipurpose
    forest
    the ecosystem of the forest
    stand varied in species
    biocenosis
    the natural upgrowth
    Opis:
    Permanently balanced forest economy demands today a resignation from a constant model of the forest stand, which preferred the productive function of the forest, mostly without any consideration to its natural values formed by Mother Nature. Implanting on Polish grounds principles of multifunctional forest districts acknowledged as a breeding object of the whole forest ecosystem, giving in that way the forest economy a proecological dimension. Its a result from a general progress of civilization and achievements in forest science; reaching towards the needs and expectations from the society gaining a general acceptation from different environments. One of the fundamental elements implementing the ecosystem is to rebuild deformed and artificially barred forest phytocenosis. This refers especially to pure pine stands on habitats, in which trophoism potential explains breeding habitats species variety. A good help for the forester in this area can be a natural succesion of good, noble broad−leaved species like for example the oak. Succesion of this species takes on a special meaning in poor habitats, in which it without any special imposes enriches the biocenose with the whole positive outcome accompanying this process; it can also be a valuable clue to the potential fertility in the habitat and the complexity in the forest vegetation community. An important task is to lead the way for the oaks development from succesion to its fullest use as a natural presence in creating the future forest generation. The article below is devoted to this question describing the natural up growth of the oak in pine stands on the coniferous forest habitats in Forest District Różanna and the methods and results in which they are used for breeding.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2007, 151, 05; 60-72
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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