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    Tytuł:
    Dzięcioł czarny jako gatunek wskaźnikowy w wielofunkcyjnej, trwale zrównoważonej gospodarce leśnej
    Black woodpecker as an indicator species for multifunctional permanently sustainable forest management
    Autorzy:
    Zawadzki, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979318.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    secondary cavity nesters
    indicator species
    multifunctional suitable forest management
    dryocopous martius
    Opis:
    Modern multifunctional forest management needs indicators showing the state of forest environment. Commonly used solution is monitoring of the abundance of species with specific environmental requirements. This paper analyses the possibility of use of the biggest European woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) as forest management quality indicator. The black woodpecker resides in all types of forest sites. The species prefers big thick trees as a nest trees, its cavities were mainly made in birches Betula sp. in Western and Southern Europe, Scots pines Pinus sylvestris in Middle and Eastern Europe and aspens Populus tremula in Northern Europe. The black woodpecker, excavating large−sized breeding cavities, is defined as a key species due to the creation of breeding sites for large secondary cavity−nesters. Because of the breeding requirements, black woodpecker can also be treated as an umbrella species for organisms associated with old trees. The way of feeding of that species shows a strong connection with the availability of dead wood. The black woodpecker is a sedentary species, which means that it is highly depended on the structure of the forest and quickly responds to changes caused by forest management. Because of the habitat requirements and relationships with other species, as well as the wide geographical range, it is a good indicator species for multifunctional suitable forest management. It can also act as a keystone species for secondary cavity nesters and umbrella species for organisms associated with old, dying trees.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 07; 604-615
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wybór drzew gniazdowych przez myszołowa, jastrzębia i kruka w Puszczy Augustowskiej
    Choosing the trees for nesting by the Buzzard, Goshawk and Raven in the Augustow Forest
    Autorzy:
    Zawadzki, G.
    Zawadzka, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987067.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy
    ornitologia
    ptaki drapiezne
    jastrzab
    Accipiter gentilis
    myszolow
    Buteo buteo
    kruk
    Corvus corax
    drzewa gniazdowe
    lokalizacja
    preferencje siedliskowe
    Puszcza Augustowska
    accipiter gentilis
    buteo buteo
    corvus corax
    nesting trees preference
    Opis:
    Preferences of the Buzzard, Goshawk and Raven in choosing the trees for nesting were studied in northern part of the Augustów Forest (NE Poland) in 2014−2016 years. Study area is dominated by fresh and mixed fresh sites with Scots pine as a dominant species (86% of the forest area). Nests were searched in stands older than 60 years. We found 60 nests of Buzzard, 11 of Goshawk, and 31 of Raven. The diameter and the height of nest trees, the height of nest location, and length of tree crowns were measured. Diameter and height of surrounding trees were also determined. In total, 11 features of nest trees were assessed. For the location their nests, all analysed bird species preferred trees bigger and higher than neighbouring ones. The oldest stands (above 100 years old) were also preferred. The Raven built nests on trees average 139 years old, Goshawk – 119, while Buzzard – 109. Raven nested only on Scots pine, Goshawk on Norway spruce and Scots pine, while Buzzard on silver birch, Scots pine, European larch and Norway spruce. The Buzzard selected for nest trees growing in average distance about 1500 m from forest edge, while Goshawk and Raven preferred nest in a similar distance from the forest edge (707−783 m). Distance of the nests from forest road were similar for Buzzard and Goshawk – about 60 m, and in case Raven it was only 38 m. Raven chose for nesting old−growth islands located on forest edge, or even single old tree growing on plantation. The greatest plasticity in the nest location and habitat diversity was found for Buzzard. Both Goshawk and Raven had more precisely marked habitat and nest preferences.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 08; 669-676
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Charakterystyka drzew gniazdowych dzięcioła czarnego w Puszczy Augustowskiej
    Characteristics of the nesting trees of the Black Woodpecker in the Augustow Forest
    Autorzy:
    Zawadzka, D.
    Zawadzki, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989060.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Puszcza Augustowska
    lasy
    fauna
    ptaki
    dzieciol czarny
    Dryocopus martius
    gniazdowanie
    drzewa gniazdowe
    dryocopus martius
    cavities
    nesting trees
    pinus sylvestris
    Opis:
    The Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius excavates nesting holes in big trees and use dead wood for foraging. It is considered as a key and an indicator species in the protection of biodiversity of forest ecosystems, because its cavities condition the possibility of breeding the biggest secondary cavity−nesters, bats, and some species of wasps. We studied preferences of the Black Woodpecker towards the nesting trees in the Augustów Forest (NE Poland). It is an extensive forest complex covering 114 000 ha, dominated by fresh and mixed fresh coniferous forest sites. Scots pine Pinus sylvestris occupies 78% of forest area. Stands older than 100 years cover about 18% of the study area. We searched for trees with cavities of the Black Woodpecker in stands older than 60 years. We identified tree species, their age and health condition. The breast height diameter and height of trees and height of the cavities above ground were measured. Additionally, cavity entrance orientation were estimated. We found a total number of 150 nesting trees with 229 cavities excavated by the Black Woodpecker. Pines constituted 95% of nesting trees. Cavities were found also in Betula pendula and Populus tremula. Live trees predominated among trees with cavities. Dead trees (only pines) constituted 12% of all. More than one (form 2 to 6) cavity entrances were recorded in almost 30% of nesting trees. Woodpeckers excavated cavities in pines in age from 92 to 222, 159 years old on average. Taken together, 90% of cavity pines were older than 110 years. The height of nesting trees varied from 21 to 37.5 m (30.5 m on average), and its breast height diameter was 32−96 cm with mean of 54 cm. Over 90% of trees with woodpeckers' cavities had dbh larger than 40 cm, and almost 50% between 50 and 60 cm. The mean height of cavity entrances was 12.8 (6−27) m. There was no dependence between the height of cavities and the thickness of trees. The entrance orientation was dominated by east and north (together 58%). Birds selected the least often an entrance in southwest (only 2.3%). The Augustów Forest is the only study plot in Europe, where so strong domination of pines among nesting trees of the Black Woodpecker was recorded. The preferred tree species in south and west part of the continent is Fagus sylvatica. The Black Woodpecker uses for nests mainly the oldest pines, but it is related to the thickness, and not directly to the age of these trees. The maintenance of pine dominated stands older than 120 years is necessary for the Black Woodpecker protection in the Augustów Forest.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 12; 1002-1009
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Liczebność i rozmieszczenie głuszca w Polsce w XXI wieku
    Population size and distribution of the capercaillie in Poland in the 21st century
    Autorzy:
    Zawadzka, D.
    Żurek, Z.
    Armatys, P.
    Stachyra, P.
    Szewczyk, P.
    Korga, M.
    Merta, D.
    Kobielski, J.
    Kmieć, M.
    Pregler, B.
    Krzan, P.
    Rzońca, Z.
    Zawadzki, G.
    Zawadzki, J.
    Sołtys, B.
    Bielański, J.
    Czaja, J.
    Flis-Martyniuk, E.
    Wediuk, A.
    Rutkowski, R.
    Krzywiński, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980118.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    lowiectwo
    ptaki lowne
    gatunki chronione
    gluszec
    Tetrao urogallus
    wystepowanie
    liczebnosc populacji
    rozmieszczenie przestrzenne
    Polska
    wiek XXI
    tetrao urogallus
    species distribution
    species abundance
    refuges
    poland
    Opis:
    The data on the distribution and number of the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus in Poland for the period from the end of the 20th century up to 2017−2018 is presented. The capercaillie is a sedentary forest grouse living in old mountain forests and within the boreal zone. Since more than a century, the decrease in the numbers of the species has been observed, interlinked with the extinction of isolated populations. Within the present borders of Poland, a 1925 questionnaire study noted 2200−2700 individuals. In the 1960s, the national population was estimated at 1700−2000 birds, living in five isolated populations. In 1985−1995, the population numbers of the capercaillie dropped to approx. 466−700 individuals in four regions, and in 2000 it was estimated at 470−570 birds. According to the results of the censuses performed in 2017−2018, the size of the capercaillie population risen to 523−631 individuals and 59−69 lekking grounds. Currently the capercaillie occurs in four isolated regions. These are the Western Carpathians (the Beskid Sądecki, Tatry, Gorce, Babia Góra, Beskid Żywiecki, and the Beskid Śląski ranges) where 284−326 individuals live and 35−41 leks are active. In the Solska and the Lasy Janowskie Forests (Lublin region), the population was estimated at 132−184 individuals and 12−13 lekking grounds. In the Augu− stów Forest (Podlasie region) 36−46 individuals and 5−7 leks were found. In the Bory Dolnośląskie Forest, where native capercaillies got extinct during the last decade, the reintroduction program resulted in the rebuilding of their 65−75 population (with 6−7 leks). The restitution of the species in the Piska Forest has begun. During the last 20 years, populations in the Carpathian national parks have been stable, although fluctuating in numbers. The increase in the number of individuals in the Augustów Forest as well as in the Sądecki and Beskid Śląski Mountains is an after−effect of the release of birds from breeding centers or translocations. In other strongholds, fluctuations or decreases have been recorded, including wisible in the Beskid Żywiecki Mountains.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 09; 773-783
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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