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    Tytuł:
    Dokładność wybranych metod określania miąższości drewna sosnowego wyrabianego w kłodach
    Accuracy of selected methods of the determination of Scots pine logs volume
    Autorzy:
    Giedrowicz, A.
    Staniszewski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/988966.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uzytkowanie lasu
    surowce drzewne
    drewno sosnowe
    klody
    miazszosc drewna
    metody obliczeniowe
    dokladnosc
    bledy systematyczne
    forest utilization
    timber sell
    timber measurement
    systematic errors
    Opis:
    In 2015, approximately 38.5 million m³ of round wood was harvested in Poland, and this volume is constantly growing. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) occupies about 58.5% of the forest area in Poland and is the species of the most economic importance. Along with the changes in the timber market, mainly due to the development of technology for the harvesting and processing of wood raw materials, the consumers interest in stem wood has increased. The State Forests in Poland have developed their own system for timber volume calculation that is based on the measurement of the under−bark diameter at the thinner end of the log. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of three methods of determining the harvested timber volume: Huber's and Smalian's dendrometric formulas and the method currently used by the State Forests. The study was conducted in the Choczewo Forest District (N Poland). In total, 193 logs collected from five forest ranges and from two forest habitats (fresh mixed broadleaved and fresh mixed coniferous forest) were measured. The relative error calculated as the relative difference between log volume obtained by the dendrometric formula and the real volume determined with section−wise method was statistically analysed. Mean errors obtained with all tested methods of volume determination differ significantly from zero, which indicates the systematic error of volume determination. The greatest errors are generated by the method used by the State Forests. The volume obtained with this method is underestimated on average by over 14%.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 11; 892-897
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dokładność określania struktury dnia roboczego metodą obserwacji migawkowych przy zrywce drewna
    Accurancy of working day structure determining of the timber skidding by snapshot observations
    Autorzy:
    Pszenny, D.
    Giedrowicz, A.
    Staniszewski, P.
    Moskalik, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985704.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    prace lesne
    dzien roboczy
    zrywka drewna
    struktura dnia roboczego
    obserwacje migawkowe
    two−stage skidding
    structure of the working day
    timing
    snapshot observations
    Opis:
    One of the most difficult technological operations in forest utilization is wood transport, especially its first stage i.e. extraction. This is related to the fact that the forest operations must be economically effective, but also safe for the forest environment. Difficult terrain conditions require determining and choosing the optimal variant of skidding. The most popular method for optimizing work is the use of working day photography. However, it is time−consuming and labor−intensive, that is why it is possible to use an alternative way of measuring working time, i.e. snapshot observations. It is therefore important to determine which measurement method is appropriate for the complicated and variable production processes in forestry. The aim of the research was to assess the accuracy of snapshots at intervals of 1 and 5 minute in relation to the stopwatch time study (which was a reference measurement), carried out for a two−stage wood logging in quasi−mountain terrain conditions of the Elbląg Upland (N Poland). It’s mountain like characteristics causes some difficulties in the forest works. Data for the study were collected in two periods – summer and winter. We did not prove statistically significant differences between the methods studied.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 04; 292-299
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie folii do konserwacji drewna
    Application of the foil method of timber storage
    Autorzy:
    Solar, A.
    Janak, K.
    Kadlec, J.
    Staniszewski, P.
    Leinonen, T.A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989758.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drewno
    przechowywanie drewna
    ochrona drewna
    okrycie z folii polietylenowej
    wood protection
    wood quality
    wood defects
    foil cover
    mould
    Opis:
    Timber obtained after snow or wind calamity cannot be usually processed at once, so it is necessary to store and protect the raw material often in provisional conditions. The classic wet protection is difficult to apply for the lack of water or insufficient equipment of the landfills. Protection with reduced oxygen content is a relatively new method, based on the biological activity of extracted wood, which consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. The aim of the work was to verify and document the success rate of long−term storage of wood raw materials by the method of limited access of oxygen in the Czech Republic. Two piles protected by the described method were established in 2008. The first pile contained 1203 logs with a total volume of 304 m³. 179 samples were selected and documented and their quality was determined at the beginning of the storage. The other pile included 1241 logs with length of 5 m with a total volume of 302 m³, 168 samples were evaluated and documented. The piles were gradually opened year by year. The quality of the protection was evaluated according to the changes in the quality of the log samples before and after the storage. The defects and quality were assessed. Log quality of the first pile declined in grade A by 1.91%, quality B increased by 5.1%, quality C increased by 10.83% and quality D decreased by 14.02%. Log quality in the second pile increased in grade A by 4.93%, grade B decreased by 4.93%, grade C increased by 3.52% and grade D decreased by 3.52%. Identified defects included mainly cracks and stain. Stain has increased in first pile by 4%, while by 15.6% in the other one and led usually to the deterioration of the quality. The compensation of moisture inside the individual logs during the storage period resulted in the reduction in checks size and number (12.1% and 8.2% in the first and second pile. respectively). Obtained results show that the storage without free oxygen access is very effective. During the storage the logs are protected sufficiently against fungi and insects.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 10; 857-862
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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