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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Semantic Deflationism, Public Language Meaning, and Contextual Standards of Correctness
    Autorzy:
    Posłajko, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/561330.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    deflationism
    meaning
    public language
    grounding
    Opis:
    The paper aims at providing an argument for a deflationary treatment of the notion of public language meaning. The argument is based on the notion of standards of correctness; I will try to show that as correctness assessments are context-involving, the notion of public language meaning cannot be treated as an explanatory one. An elaboration of the argument, using the notion of ground is provided. Finally, I will consider some limitations of the reasoning presented.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2017, 31, 1; 45-66
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Is Meaning Holism Compatible with Semantic Minimalism?
    Autorzy:
    Kawczyński, Filip
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/561272.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    meaning holism
    contextualism
    minimalism
    local holism
    global holism
    instability
    context sensitivity
    literal meaning
    pragmatic processes
    Opis:
    Meaning Holism and Contextualism are standardly acknowledged to be similar relativistic theories that often lead to similar troubles, in particular to issues concerning instability. On the other hand, the main rival of Contextualism, which is Minimalism, is taken to be resistant to these problems. In effect, it seems inevitable to see Meaning Holism and Minimalism as natural enemies. In my paper, I attempt to reject such a view. My argumentation consists of three main parts. First, I argue that Minimalism does not differ that much from Meaning Holism with respect to the instability issues as it also faces some of them (although in a slightly different way from the case of Holism of Contextualism). Second, I put forward several arguments to show that in fact Minimalism is not incompatible with the two versions of Meaning Holism I distinguish, namely Global Holism and Local Holism. I argue that a meaning holist has to accept some not uncontroversial principles to become an antiminimalist – and vice versa. Finally, I demonstrate that Minimalism and Meaning Holism can be reconciled. Such a possibility occurs when something I called ‘purely semantic processes’ is allowed. The role of these processes is, roughly speaking, to protect literal meanings from being affected by strong pragmatic factors.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2017, 31, 2; 53-75
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Semantic Meaning and Content: The Intractability of Metaphor
    Autorzy:
    Kwesi, Richmond
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973304.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    metaphor
    compositionality
    Davidson
    meaning
    content
    causal account
    Opis:
    Davidson argues that metaphorical sentences express no propositional contents other than the explicit literal contents they express. He offers a causal account, on the one hand, as an explanation of the supposed additional content of a metaphor in terms of the effects metaphors have on hearers, and on the other hand, as a reason for the non-propositional nature of the “something more” that a metaphor is alleged to mean. Davidson’s account is meant to restrict the semantic notions of meaning, content, and truth, to literal sentences. I argue that the Davidsonian causal account does not satisfactorily account for metaphor’s figurativeness, speakers’ assertion and hearers’ uptake of metaphor, and our discursive practices of using metaphors in disagreements and argumentation. I offer a non-compositional analysis of a semantic account of metaphor within which one can make sense of the applicability of the notions of meaning and content to metaphor. This analysis shows that metaphorical sentences have meanings other than, and in addition to, their literal meanings and what speakers can use them to mean.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2019, 33, 1
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Review of Paweł Grabarczyk’s "Directival Theory of Meaning: From Syntax and Pragmatics to Narrow Linguistic Content"
    Autorzy:
    Jamrozik, Antonina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1797175.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    directival theory of meaning
    inferentialism
    holism
    molecularism
    compositionality
    Opis:
    This paper is a review of Paweł Grabarczyk’s latest book, Directival Theory of Meaning: From Syntax and Pragmatics to Narrow Linguistic Content. I focus mostly on two concepts constitutive for the directival theory of meaning—that of linguistic trial and that of meaning directive. These two concepts, while ingeniously developed by Grabarczyk, are not free of problems and somewhat controversial assumptions. I start with describing the basis of Grabarczyk’s proposal, as well as of the historical background from which it originated. Then, I move on to the analysis of the notion of linguistic trial. After that I focus on the concept of meaning directive, criticising certain assumptions that come with it. The conclusion is that while Grabarczyk’s version of the directival theory of meaning is an interesting proposal, most of its shortcomings stem from the fact that for a theory that is supposed to work well on natural languages, too many examples pertain to artificial languages. Until an analysis of a natural language in the style of the directival theory of meaning is conducted, it is not possible to properly judge the value of this theory.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2021, 35, 1; 107-118
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metalinguistic Value Disagreement
    Autorzy:
    Rast, Erich
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/561256.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    metalinguistic negotiation
    value disagreement
    relativism
    meaning theory
    externalism
    Opis:
    In a series of publications Burgess, Plunkett and Sundell have developed a metalinguistic negotiation view that they call ‘Conceptual Ethics.’ I argue that their position adequately captures our intuition that some cases of value disputes are metalinguistic, but that they reverse the direction of justification when they state that speakers ‘negotiate’ the best use of a term or concept on the basis of its prior social role. Borrowing ideas from Putnam (1975b), I instead suggest distinguishing two meanings of general terms and value predicates. Core meaning represents the lowest common denominator between speakers and is primarily based on our needs to coordinate behavior. In contrast to this, the noumenal meaning of a general term or value predicate is intended to capture an aspect of reality and represents what a term really means. Like many other disputes about theoretical terms, terms for abstract objects, and predicates, metalinguistic value disputes are about noumenal meaning on the basis of a shared core meaning. This direction towards reality is what sets the account apart from mere metalinguistic negotiation.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2017, 31, 2; 139-159
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Content and Meaning Constitutive Inferences
    Autorzy:
    Garcia-Arnaldos, Maria Dolores
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973300.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    meaning
    conceptual role semantics
    inferentialism
    content
    logical rules
    Opis:
    A priori theories of justification of logic based on meaning often lead to trouble, in particular to issues concerning circularity. First, I present Boghossian’s a priori view. Boghossian maintains the rule-circular justifications from a conceptual role semantics. However, rule-circular justifications are problematic. Recently, Boghossian (Boghossian, 2015) has claimed that rules should be thought of as contents and contents as abstract objects. In this paper, I discuss Boghossian’s view. My argumentation consists of three main parts. First, I analyse several arguments to show that in fact, Boghossian’s inferentialist solution is not fully satisfying. Second, I discuss the matter further, if one accepts that basic logical rules are constitutive of meaning, that is, they constitute the logical concepts and the content of a rule is an abstract object, then abstract objects-like, for example, rules-could be constitutive of meaning. The question is whether conceptual priority is in the judgment or in the object and what theory of content is pursued. Grasping content as a matter of knowing how a word or concept behaves in inferences is not completely explicative. Finally, I contend that rules come to exist as a result of certain kinds of mental action. These actions function as constitutive norms. Logical rules are not abstract objects but ideal. What one construes as norms or rules of content may involve idealization, but this is because we share a language.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2019, 33, 1
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Epistemo-Semantic Coherentism: An Attitudinal View of Meaning Based on Epistemic Pragmatism
    Autorzy:
    Taşdelen, İskender
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973306.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    coherence
    justification
    meaning
    belief
    strategic and definitory rules
    Opis:
    This article develops a conception of linguistic meaning that treats it as an attitude on the part of language users towards pairs of expressions. As with propositional attitudes, these meaning attitudes are subject to being deliberately altered over time by language users, with the aim of maximizing the efficiency of their language use. Therefore, meaning attitudes can be justified or refuted in practical terms. Our instrumentalist-coherentist approach, which allows for meanings to be advocated for alongside beliefs, provides a viable theory of justification of that kind. This view fits better with the evolutionary nature of linguistic phenomena, and resolves the problem of substitutability in opaque contexts.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2019, 33, 1
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Lexical Concepts as Fluctuating Structures
    Autorzy:
    Budnikova, Alyona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973303.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    lexical concept
    feature weights
    ways-of-seeing
    facets
    meaning
    profiling
    salience
    Opis:
    Lexical concepts (i.e. semantic units conventionally associated with linguistic forms) are viewed in the article as structures consisting of interrelated facets (i.e. conceptual slots filled with various types of information about the referent) with different structural weight. The paper suggests a way to model the graded structure of lexical concepts by assessing the weight of each constituting facet according to its relevance for defining purposes, frequency of contextual profiling and salience in derivation processes. Thus, the approach taken exploits as many linguistic points of access to the concept as possible and uses three different dimensions to range its facets. The suggested idea is verified with a case study of some common lexical concepts in English (e.g. represented by concrete nouns such as “bird”, “tree”, etc.), which reveals both the advantages and the limitations of the approach taken.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2019, 33, 1
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Against the Quotational Theory of Meaning Ascriptions
    Autorzy:
    Raimondi, Andrea
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1796980.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    meaning ascriptions
    use/mention distinction
    pure quotation
    translation
    hyperintensionality
    variant spellings
    Opis:
    According to the quotational theory of meaning ascriptions, sentences like “‘Bruder (in German) means brother” are abbreviated synonymy claims, such as “‘Bruder (in German) means the same as ‘brother’”. After discussing a problem with Harman’s (1999) version of the quotational theory, I present an amended version defended by Field (2001; 2017). Then, I address Field’s responses to two arguments against the theory that revolve around translation and the understanding of foreign expressions. Afterwards, I formulate two original arguments against both Harman’s and Field’s versions of the theory. One of them targets the hyperintensionality of quotations and the other raises a problem pertaining to variant spellings of words.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2020, 34, 2; 81-103
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Directival Theory of Meaning Resurrected
    Autorzy:
    Grabarczyk, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/561252.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz
    directival theory of meaning
    semantics
    indeterminacy of translation
    Wilfrid Sellars
    Opis:
    The first aim of this paper is to remind the reader of a very original theory of meaning which in many aspects has not been surpassed by subsequent theories. The theory in question is Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz’s Directival Theory of Meaning. In the first section I present a version of this theory which, I trust, retains the gist of the original but loses its outdated language. In the second section I analyze some problematic consequences of the directival theory (specifically Tarski’s counterexample) and show how they can be addressed. The second aim of this paper is exploiting some of the similarities between the directival theory and later theories of meaning. In the third section I argue that using the directival theory as an interpretative tool enables us to create explications of some of the notoriously vague notions which contemporary theories of meaning employ.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2017, 31, 1; 23-44
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Speaking, Inferring, Arguing. On the Argumentative Character of Speech
    Autorzy:
    Corredor, Cristina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1797154.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    arguing
    inferring
    argumentative value
    inferential meaning
    illocutionary
    normativity of speech
    Austin
    Grice
    Opis:
    Within the Gricean framework in pragmatics, communication is understood as an inferential activity. Other approaches to the study of linguistic communication have contended that language is argumentative in some essential sense. My aim is to study the question of whether and how the practices of inferring and arguing can be taken to contribute to meaning in linguistic communication. I shall suggest a two-fold hypothesis. First, what makes of communication an inferential activity is given with its calculability, i.e. with the possibility to rationally recover the assigned meaning by means of an explicit inference. Secondly, the normative positions that we recognize and assign each other with our speech acts comprise obligations and rights of a dialectical character; but this fact does not entail nor presuppose an argumentative nature in language or speech. Both inferring and arguing are needed, however, in the activity of justifying and assessing our speech acts.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2020, 34, 2; 43-64
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przyczynowa teoria metafory na tle filozofii Donalda Davidsona
    Causal theory of metaphor and Donald Davidson’s philosophical system
    Autorzy:
    Maciaszek, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/561282.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Semiotyczne
    Tematy:
    działanie
    interpretacja
    metafora
    prawda metaforyczna
    przyczynowość
    teoria prawdy
    warunki prawdziwości
    zdarzenie
    znaczenie dosłowne
    znaczenie metaforyczne
    action
    causality
    event
    interpretation
    literal meaning
    metaphor
    metaphorical meaning
    metaphorical truth
    theory of truth
    truth conditions
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest analiza, uzasadnienie i wyjaśnienie Donalda Davidsona przyczynowej teorii metafory z punktu widzenia całości jego poglądów filozoficznych. Poglądy te tworzą spójny system obejmujący, poza semantyką i teorią interpretacji, m.in. teorię poznania, teorię działania oraz teorię racjonalności. Proponując przyczynową teorię metafory, Davidson nie odwołał się bezpośrednio do własnej teorii znaczenia, starając się uzasadnić odrzucenie pojęć znaczenia metaforycznego oraz prawdy metaforycznej na gruncie potocznego rozumienia pojęć semantycznych. W artykule argumentuje się, że przyczynowa teoria metafory stanowi uzupełnienie systemu Davidsona, a ponadto że teoria ta ujęta przez pryzmat całego systemu pozwala wyjaśnić rolę metafor nie tylko w literaturze i poezji, lecz także w naukach przyrodniczych, prawie, religii i naukach społecznych.
    The aim of the paper is to analyze, clarify and explain Donald Davidson’s causal theory of metaphor form the viewpoint of his philosophical views which constitute coherent philosophical system comprising not only semantics and theory of interpretation, but epistemology, theory of action, and theory of rationality as well. Proposing his own theory of metaphor Davidson did not refer to his philosophy, and justified his rejection of the notions of metaphorical meaning and metaphorical truth on the ground of common, pre-theoretical views on meaning and other semantic notions. I argue that the causal theory of metaphor fits perfectly Davidson’s philosophical system and from the point of view of his system it is easy to explain the role of metaphor not only in literature and poetry, but in sciences, law, religion, and social sciences.
    Źródło:
    Studia Semiotyczne; 2016, 30, 1; 43-70
    0137-6608
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Semiotyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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