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    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
    Tytuł:
    Mechanizmy kształtowania ładu korporacyjnego stosowane przez fundusze venture capital w inwestycjach w Polsce
    Corporate governence mechanisms used by venture capital funds in their investments in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Morawczyński, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/597085.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
    Tematy:
    venture capital
    ład korporacyjny
    inwestycje
    rynek kapitałowy
    przedsiębiorczość
    corporate governance
    investment
    capital market
    entrepreneurship
    Opis:
    The paper deals with the problem of development of the corporate governance structures by venture capital funds in Polish entrepreneurial companies they invested in. In the theoretical part there is a discussion on sources and consequences of agency relationship that exists between funds on one hand and founders and managers of the portfolio companies on the other one. Mechanisms used by VCs are presented that aim at alleviating agency costs, including: ownership structure, voting rights, contract writing, supervising by supervisory board, implementation of motivational mechanisms, investment syndication. Selected factors are presented that may impact the analyzed problem in the Polish context. In the empirical part the theoretical discussion is illustrated with an analysis of twelve companies that underwent initial public offering on the Warsaw stock exchange. Ownership structure and voting rights structure before and after IPO are presented, characteristics of contracts regulating relationship between investors and founders, composition of supervisory boards, characteristics of motivational tools. It was shown that VCs in their portfolio companies aim at possessing dominant ownership position. Contracts between them and entrepreneurs strongly protect interests of investors. They want to safeguard seats in supervisory boards, including chairman position. Motivational mechanisms in companies across several levels of the organizational structure are prepared in order to align investors’ and managers’ goals, usually by issuing shares or options for shares.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2014, XCI (91)/2; 259-279
    0081-6841
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stawki podatków dochodowych od osób fizycznych i prawnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej i wybranych rajach podatkowych a bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne
    Personal and corporate income tax rates in the European Union and selected tax havens and foreign direct investment
    Autorzy:
    Działo, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/595855.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
    Tematy:
    konkurencja podatkowa
    raje podatkowe
    podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych (PIT)
    podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych (CIT)
    bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne (BIZ)
    tax competition
    tax havens
    personal income tax (PIT)
    corporate income tax (CIT)
    foreign direct investment (FDI)
    Opis:
    Tax competition is defined as the use of tax policy that will allow to maintain or increase the attractiveness of a particular territory for business location. Tax competition is used especially by the relatively under-developed countries, as foreign capital inflow gives them the possibility to implement modern technology, new management methods or to increase exports. One of the effects of tax competition is the formation of tax havens, countries or territories using preferential tax rates in order to gain capital from abroad. Comparative analysis of the income tax rates in the EU countries and certain tax havens shows that despite the progressive reduction of the rates of these taxes in the EU, the phenomenon of tax competition is still very strong, and the position of tax havens as countries with relatively low or very low taxes seems to be unthreatened. Conducted empirical studies, however, show that tax competition does not significantly affect the volume of foreign direct investment, and the amount of the nominal rate of corporate income tax is not critical to the decision of potential investors. Favorable investment climate is not determined only by the properties of the tax system, but it also depends on other factors. Therefore relatively highly developed countries should increase their efforts to intensify competition for capital through the use of factors other than low taxes, for example political stability, relatively low labor costs, transparent and unambiguous legislation supporting the development of business, simple procedures to enable start a business and promoting the development of entrepreneurship, good cooperation with local and central authorities, the development of road infrastructure and telecommunications / internet, highly skilled workforce and quality of land for investment.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2014, XCIII (93); 139-155
    0081-6841
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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