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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Prawne implikacje wybranych elementów terminu „wojna hybrydowa”
    Legal implications of selected elements of the term ‘hybrid war’
    Autorzy:
    Ochmann, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911196.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    hybrid war
    military conflict
    international law
    Opis:
    The term ‘hybrid war’ is not a legal term. It belongs to the terminology and concepts used in the studies on international relationships. Due to its popularization in mass media it has recently started to be used in new contexts. The purpose of the article is to ascertain the precise meaning of the term, and to determine the legal implications which a particular understanding of it may have in international public law. Certain understandings or interpretations of a given term determine its legal consequences and allow the assessment of their implications from the point of view of international law. Therefore in the first part of the article, a review and an examination of different ways of understanding the term ‘hybrid war’ have been conducted. Although the definitions that had been analyzed are noteworthy and they emphasize some aspects of the ‘hybrid war,’ they lack a definition of the term that would take into consideration all the dimensions of the issue of a hybrid war. Thus the attempt taken by the author to propose his own definition, aggregating all observations and insights made by the international relations experts so far, and enumerating the distinctive characteristics of hybrid wars. After that, some typical elements of a hybrid war are analyzed from the point of view of international public law. The paper investigates the possibility of qualifying hybrid methods as the ‘use of force,’ an ‘aggression’ and an ‘armed attack’ within the meaning of the United Nations Charter. It also examines the admissibility of a counter-attack within the framework of the right to self- defence. The issue raises many doubts particularly with regard to activities from below the threshold of war that are distinctive characteristics of a hybrid war. The legal implications of the use of a non-state actor to conduct an armed activity under international law were also raised, being referred to as proxy war.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2019, 4, 28; 125-147
    2300-3936
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawa Publicznego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wybrane regulacje Kodeksu spółek handlowych w świetle konstytucyjnego modelu ochrony własności
    Selected Regulations Of The Code Of Commercial Partnerships And Companies In The Light Of The Constitutional Model Of The Right Of Ownership Protection
    Autorzy:
    Ochmann, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911299.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-06-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    forced buyout
    squeeze-out
    weighing of goods
    autonomy of com-mercial law
    Opis:
    The article confronts specific solutions adopted in the Code of Commercial Compa-nies and Partnerships with the patterns of the constitutional control of law resulting from the Constitution of the Republic of Poland in the form of the right of ownership. Its aim is to answer the question whether the constitutionality of commercial law institutions should be assessed autonomously, taking into account the specificity of commercial companies law. The author puts forward a thesis that just as there is a principle of autonomy of commercial law within the principle of unity of civil law, within the framework of constitutional law, the regulations of law and commerce also have autonomy which influences the process of assessing the conformity of particular subjects of control with the models defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. As one of the specific elements of commercial law in relationto the Constitution, the necessity of weighing the opposing interests of the same good, i.e. the right to ownership is pointed out. The paper discusses in detail the institution of forced buyout (squeeze-out) in the context of the judgment of the Con-stitutional Tribunal (Case No. P 25/02). The issue of legitimacy to appeal against the resolution of the General Shareholders Meeting of a company from the point of view of the right of ownership is also discussed. In the author’s opinion, the right to appeal against the resolution, which prima facie at the constitutional law level could be associated with the constitutional right to a court, takes the form of a corporate right of a shareholder resulting from a constitutional right of ownership, of which a share is one of the forms. Therefore, it has a derivative character. The considerations contained in the text lead to the recognition of the admissibility of an autonomous interpretation of company law regulations when assessing their compliance with the Constitution. When assessing constitutionality, the legal char-acter and specificity of the subject of control should be taken into account.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2019, 2, 26; 115-136
    2300-3936
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawa Publicznego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wojna hybrydowa jako przykład umiędzynarodowionego konfliktu wewnętrznego
    A ‘hybrid war’ as an example of internationalisation internal conflicts
    Autorzy:
    Ochmann, Paweł
    Wojas, Jakub
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927562.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-06-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    hybrid war
    international law
    armed conflict
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    The paper deals with internal conflicts, their internationalisation and a hybrid war. In the 1990s many military conflicts could have been regarded as domestic conflicts or internationalised internal conflicts. According to the authors internationalised internal conflicts and a hybrid war have much in common. The purpose of the paper is to compare and confront distinctive characteristics of internationalised internal conflicts with the model of hybrid war. The authors scrutinize definitions of an internal, domestic conflict and a hybrid war, and the possibilities and likelihood of their occurrence. Finally the issue is analysed in terms of international public law. ‘Hybrid war’ is a term not defined in public international law. However it is commonly used not only by media and politicians, but also by academics in a sci- entific discourse. A question arises to what extent it is justified to use a term in the context of different military conflicts, like for instance the one in the East Ukraine that has been going on since 2015. Therefore it is necessary to explain what the term ‘hybrid war’ means. In order to do so, it is necessary to try to define the term. Its distinctive characteristics must be indicated. Then, many military conflicts will be analysed to determine whether they satisfy the requirements for qualifying them as a ‘hybrid war’ or an internationalised internal conflict. The research leads to a conclusion that an internationalised internal conflict gives many opportunities for applying to it methods characteristic of a hybrid war. In the course of an internationalised internal conflict there are many ways in which the aggressor can evade international liability and the authors attempt to answer how to prevent this.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2018, 2 (22); 101-121
    2300-3936
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawa Publicznego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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