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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Market regulation: are there any reasons to treat sharing economy exceptionally?
    Autorzy:
    Lewkowicz, Jacek
    Litwiniuk, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48547521.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-06-22
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    sharing economy
    institutional economics
    public policy
    regulatory challenges
    Opis:
    In this paper we posed a question about the role of the state with regard to imposing regulations on the sharing economy sectors. Analysis of the institutional frames of the regulatory intervention of the state in the sharing economy still constitutes an underexploited niche. We drew on the literature in institutional economics and other related fields to provide a picture of a reasonable regulation of markets introduced by a state. The paper covers the spheres of information asymmetry, imperfect competition, negative externalities, and the supply of public goods. What may be generally concluded is that there are no sufficient arguments for treating sharing economy entities more favorably as compared to other organizations. As regards the imperfect competition and negative externalities, sharing economy entities may play a key role and should not be excused from respecting general legal rules. Otherwise, some market actors would use the sharing economy cover just to take advantage of the exemptions. The sharing economy may be also an attractive channel of activity from the perspective of policymakers for mixing direct governmental support with other (social) sources for public goods.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2022, 95; 283-303
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Order for the continuation of economic activity by an energy company in the social interest
    Autorzy:
    Wolska, Hanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899364.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    energy company
    social interest
    President of the Energy Regulatory Office
    Opis:
    Article 40 of the Energy Law Act of 10 April 1997 provides for the possibility for the President of the Energy Regulatory Office to order the continuation of economic activity by an energy company despite the expiry of a license. This is a special regulation related to the need to ensure the continuity of supplies and protection of recipients of energy services when required by social interest. Therefore, this regulation provides for an exception to the principle of the freedom to undertake, perform, and terminate economic activity. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the fact that the necessity to ensure the provision of energy services in a continuous manner means that the state imposes an obligation on energy companies to continue economic activity, at the same time not guaranteeing the entrepreneurs sufficient compensation in the form of appropriate remuneration for continuing the economic activity. Pursuant to the provisions of the Energy Law Act of 10 April 1997, an energy company is only entitled to loss coverage and only in the amount limited to the justified costs of the ordered activity.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2023, 98; 199-208
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przesłanka interesu publicznego w działaniach Prezesa URE i Prezesa UOKiK na rynku energetycznym
    Autorzy:
    Elżanowski, Filip
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47389519.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-10
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    public interest
    the President of Energy Regulatory Office
    the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection
    regulatory authority
    energy market
    regulatory instruments
    interes publiczny
    Prezes Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki
    Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów
    organ regulacyjny
    rynek energii
    instrumenty regulacyjne
    Opis:
    Every action of the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection [PL: Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów] must be taken in the public interest – the primary purpose of the antimonopoly regulation is to protect the business of entrepreneurs and consumers in the public interest. The President of the Energy Regulatory Office [PL: Urząd Regulacji Energetyki] is also governed by public interest activities. Under the applicable law, he is responsible for the development of competition, and one of his duties is to counteract the adverse effects of natural monopolies and balance the business of energy companies and fuel and energy consumers. In the Act on competition and consumer protection [PL: ustawa o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów], the notion of public interest is defined very generally. However, the Act on Energy Law [PL: ustawa – Prawo energetyczne] precisely specifies which elements shall be taken into account by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office each time when making a decision. A number of his activities aim to balance the business of energy security with the protection of energy companies’ business and consumers’ business, including issuing decisions on approval of tariffs. The President of the Energy Regulatory Office ensures the implementation of the public interest in this respect, and such interest cannot be understood differently by another regulatory authority under another act. Otherwise, a violation of the axiological coherence of the legal system occurs. In this particular context (in terms of the implementation of the public interest), priority should be given to the utility regulatory authority (the President of ERO) and not to the antimonopoly authority. However, in this case, we are not dealing with a contradiction of the wording of the provisions but with a potential contradiction in terms of the understanding and application of the public interest premise. Therefore, the provisions of utility acts constitute a lex specialis in this respect to the Act on competition and consumer protection – taking into account this particular approach, such contradiction does not occur. Consequently, it should be concluded that if a given action of the President of ERO (an administrative decision issuance) implemented the public interest by the Act (and was maintained in legal transactions, was not repealed, etc.), it thus excludes the possibility of taking action by the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection which was based on the need to protect this public interest.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2021, 88; 78-107
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Legal Status of the Energy Regulator in Ukraine in the Context of Recent Legislative Changes and European Integration
    Autorzy:
    Yuliya, Vashchenko,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903055.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-11-20
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    economic regulation
    independent regulatory authorities
    energy regulation
    energy regulator in Ukraine
    Opis:
    The energy sector is a strategic industry of each state. Energy industry is one of the most important regulated fields at the EU level and a crucial direction of cooperation between the EU and Ukraine. EU legislation, primarily directives and regulations from the Third Energy Package, prescribe requirements in respect of the legal status of national regulatory authorities in the fields of energy and natural gas. Ukraine, as a full-fledged member of the Energy Community, as well as in line with the EU‒Ukraine Association Agreement, shall institute laws and regulations necessary for the implementation of those requirements. In particular, EU legislation stipulates requirements with regard to the independence of national regulatory authorities from other state authorities during the exercise of their regulatory powers. In recent years, Ukrainian public authorities have undertaken steps to develop and approve a legal framework in order to implement the requirements of EU energy legislation, in particular those related to the legal status of national regulatory authorities. The approval of the Law of Ukraine on the National Energy and Communal Services Regulatory Commission in 2016 was one of the critical achievements in this direction. However, the new Law has not solved the problem of the constitutional legal status of the energy regulator. The Constitution of Ukraine’s provisions specifying the powers of the President of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine as against permanent independent regulatory authorities (e.g., pertaining to the establishment, appointment and dismissal of members, accountability) shall be amended in order to bolster the principle of independence of national regulatory authorities in the energy sector as prescribed by EU legislation.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2017, 71; 265-274
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Poradnictwo prawne i obywatelskie w kontekście świadomości prawnej i potrzeby edukacji prawnej Polaków. Wybrane problemy
    Autorzy:
    Sylwia, Bartnik, Adriana
    Julia, Kowalska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902653.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-05-27
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    access to law
    legal counseling
    civic counseling
    legal education
    regulatory impact assessment
    dostęp do prawa
    poradnictwo prawne
    poradnictwo obywatelskie
    edukacja prawna
    ocena skutków regulacji
    Opis:
    The article analyzes the issue from the point of view of law, sociology and based on the experience of both authors.It not only raises issues related to legal awareness, legal education and legal advisory, but also presents a broader context of issues that are the context of the social functioning of the law in the Republic of Poland and the relationship to law or law reforms.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2018, 78; 40-60
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ograniczenie handlu w niedziele – przewidywanie skutków regulacji czy wróżenie z fusów?
    Autorzy:
    Krzysztof, Koźmiński,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902473.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-05-29
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    legislation
    regulatory impact assessment
    legislative planning
    Sunday trade ban
    consumer behavior
    economic law analysis
    rational homo oeconomicus
    legislacja
    ocena skutków regulacji
    planowanie legislacyjne
    zakaz handlu w niedziele
    zachowania konsumentów
    ekonomiczna analiza prawa
    racjonalny homo oeconomicus
    Opis:
    This article is devoted to the issue of new Polish regulations introducing the principle of prohibiting trade on Sundays. As is clear from the justification of the Act, the argument for the provisions on the prohibition of trade on Sunday is first of all concern for employees’ rights and family relations, striving to guarantee time for the families of employees. The Act also provides for numerous exceptions to the principle of prohibiting trading on Sundays (including the possibility of selling at gas stations, railway stations, airports, hospitals, and also permits trade in flowers, souvenirs and religious goods). In addition, it will be acceptable to provide other services such as catering (Sundays restaurants and bars open on Sundays), cultural (the opportunity to visit the museum, cinema, theater) and sports (sports fields, gyms, swimming pools, ice rinks, sports halls also open on Sundays). The legislator declares that he cares about on the transfer of activities outside shopping centers, and new solutions will not cause losses on the part of entrepreneurs and lower tax revenues. On the other hand, as shown in the analysis and analogous experiences of other European countries quoted in the article (eg in Hungary, after the introduction of a trade ban on Sunday, sales increased because consumers bought more products “on stock”), experts ‒ regardless of the methodology used ‒ are not able to predict precise socio-economic effects of the proposed regulations. This is because the recipients of new regulations are taking steps to comply with the new law (among others, Polish entrepreneurs have introduced major changes in their activities to avoid economic losses after the entry into force of the Act on the prohibition of Sunday trading), and consumers behave often irrationally, which also makes it difficult to accurately estimate the consequences of new solutions.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2018, 78; 212-231
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nabywanie nieruchomości rolnych przez kościelne i wyznaniowe osoby prawne w świetle ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego
    Autorzy:
    Wojciechowski, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47408320.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-10-19
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    nieruchomości rolne
    nabywanie nieruchomości
    osoba prawna kościołów i innych związków wyznaniowych
    wakuf
    wolność wyznania
    postępowanie regulacyjne
    agricultural real estate
    real estate acquisition
    legal person of churches and other religious organizations
    waqf
    freedom of religion
    regulatory proceedings
    Opis:
    Act on the Formation of Agricultural System introduced the general principle according to which agricultural real estate can be purchased only by individual farmers. However, there are exceptions, including the possibility of purchasing agricultural real estate by legal person of churches and other religious organizations. The purpose of the article is to establish the scope of this special exception and the reasons for its introduction. The author concludes that the binding regulation, due to its wide scope, may raise doubts. The article proposes de lege ferenda changes that would enable the purchase of agricultural real estate by legal person of churches and other religious organizations in such a way that the freedom of religion could be protected and regulatory proceedings could be carried out, while at the same time it could fulfil the objectives of the Act on the Formation of Agricultural System.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2021, 87; 495-514
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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