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Tytuł:
Women’s rights and pro-life movement: opposition or harmony?
Autorzy:
Bach-Golecka, Dobrochna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49052969.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-02-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
women’s rights
rights of pregnant women
reproductive rights
termination of pregnancy
Opis:
The aim of this article is to focus on women’s rights and how these rights correlate with pro-life stance: Are those in opposition to one another or in harmony? In order to answer this question, an analysis of the notion of women’s rights has been performed. Moreover, the categories of the rights of pregnant women and reproductive rights are also examined. The normative analysis of human rights provisions concerning the scope of the protection of the right to life in the pre-natal phase is made, alongside the examination of relevant judicial decisions, namely: the Court of Justice of the European Union in the "Grogan" case (1991), the Supreme Court of the United States judgments in "Roe v. Wade" (1973) and "Dobbs" case (2022), the European Court of Human Rights in "Bouton v. France" (2022) and the Polish Constitutional Tribunal judgment on prohibition of eugenic abortion (2020). In conclusion, the arguments concerning the mutual relationship between women’s rights and the pro-life and pro-abortion movements are presented, with a final standpoint on the noble character of the pro-life stance, based on human rights protection due to solidarity, altruism and cosmopolitan values.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 99; 9-40
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Взгляды Е. В. Васьковского на институт вещного правопреемства
Autorzy:
Eugeniusz, Riabokoń,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902611.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-11-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
E. Vaskovsky
succession
subjective right
turnover capacity rights
property rights
acquisition of rights
Opis:
The article discusses the teachings of the eminent jurist of the late XIX – early XX century in relation to property succession. The analysis of the works of E. V. Vaskovsky allows to conclude that the scientist is repelled by the idea of transferrable rights, emphasizing, however, sufficient conditionality of the possibility of its transmission, the transition from one owner to another. Important and actual for modern development of the doctrine of succession are abstracts of E. V. Vaskovsky about the value of the derivative methods of acquisition of ownership, the possibility of acquiring the legal successor of the law, which did not belong to the legal successors, referring partition of property owners to the cases of succession.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2017, 70; 191-199
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The analysis of human rights ‘inflation’ in the context of evolving international regime of women’s rights
Autorzy:
Buszman, Zuzanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49062720.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-02-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
human rights inflation
women’s rights
gender-based violence
conflict-related sexual violence
reproductive rights
Opis:
Without a doubt, the concern about ‘human rights inflation’ reflects the modern world’s increasing ambition, breadth and complexity in developing the human rights regime. This rapidly expanding catalogue of rights has generated discussion about human rights proliferation, devaluation and too vast interpretation. Consequently, some critics perceive new generations of human rights as less relevant, which ultimately is supposed to alter their purpose, legitimacy, and effectiveness. This article seeks to disentangle the inflation objection from other concerns about rights expansionism and to critically assess it. Therefore, it will both analyze the phenomenon of rights inflation as well as evaluate its scope of implication based on the progressive development of women’s rights in the domain of gender-based violence and conflict-related sexual violence. The article will also analyze examples of possible regresses of women’s rights in the topic of reproductive rights based on constitutional court decisions in the United States and Poland. To underline only a few examples, the most striking ones will be presented and they will relate to (i) the evolution of women’s rights invigorated by the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the interpretation of its provisions by the CEDAW Committee, (ii) the recognition of the crime of sexual violence in armed conflicts as well as a more accurate definition of the crime of rape and lastly (iii) the exponential progress of second generation rights, which include social, economic and political emancipation of women. The article will reach its conclusion by explaining the importance of generating a sense of closure in human rights interpretation through drawing strict boundaries around the corpus of ‘proper’ human rights without entitling to a suspicion of claims of too far-reaching cultural and political transformations within societal structure. Instead of calling it human rights devaluation, the author argues that it should be perceived as human rights evolution, which encompasses both a constant adjustment and reinterpretation of rights according to the rapidly changing world as well as the way people understand it.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 99; 41-58
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wojna i pokój w Konstytucji RP
Autorzy:
Piotrowski, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48562326.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-13
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Constitution
war
peace
human rights
democracy
Opis:
Art. 116 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland provides that a state of war and the conclusion of peace are declared by the Sejm acting in the name of the Republic of Poland. These two notions, having no constitutional definition, come under the rubric of established notions, i.e. concepts whose meaning derives from doctrinal findings and provisions of law, as well as from constitutional principles and values. The Sejm’s power to declare a state of war and, consequently, declare the conclusion of peace is part of Polish system-of-governance traditions. The parliament’s power to declare war actually characterizes most of the democratic systems, even if it could be argued that waiving this prerogative in practice characterizes it as well, reflecting the preponderance of the executive power in the domain of foreign policy. The wording of Art. 116 rules out an invasive war, also in the form of a war of prevention or a preventive self-defence. The Sejm may adopt the relevant resolution only in case of armed aggression against the territory of the Republic of Poland, or if international treaties impose an obligation of common defence against aggression, i.e. as a consequence of an act of aggression. Being of key importance for the constitutional regulation of war and peace, this constraint is commensurate with international law, which the Republic of Poland is required to respect pursuant to Art. 9 of the Constitution, and is also commensurate with the Preamble to the Constitution. In a democracy, acts of war – as an important government prerogative – may only be conducted pursuant to the relevant constitutional provisions which define the conditions that must be met for such acts to be legitimate. The conduct of a war, after all, does not warrant the suspension of the Constitution. A democratic state ruled by law must not conduct a war otherwise than on the basis, and within the constraints, of law – if it is to retain its constitutional identity. For the use of armed forces abroad to be commensurate with the Constitution, such use must not represent an act of aggression, nor can it represent any acts violating the principles of the United Nations Charter. If past experience is to be a guide, democratic constitutions are not capable of preventing anti-democratic changes in the system of governance, nor are they capable of preventing wars. War represents a failure of the Constitution, by destroying its foundation, the belief in inalienable and inherent dignity of the person.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 91; 300-319
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dilemmas of re-nativization of indigenous law
Autorzy:
Kurczewski, Jacek Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899367.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-07-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
indigenous law
cultural sovereignty
human rights
Opis:
The author in this study tests the applicability of basic categories of Leon Petrażycki’s (1865–1931) socio-psychological theory of law, pointing at ambiguity of the concept of ‘indigenous law’, ‘natives’ law’ and ‘customary law’. First, however, the right to one’s own law is followed through the history of colonization. It is essential for the plight of the indigenous people that already in 1537 Popes recognized that ‘original inhabitants’ had ‘rights’ and thus ‘legitimate claims’. If, on the one hand, there are ‘rights’ and ‘rightful claims’ then, on the other, there are duties that include not only the negative refraining from appropriation but also the positive duty to protect in exchange for the impairing the indigenous sovereignty. But whenever the nexus iuris is recognized, i.e. the link of correlative rights and duties, there is a law (Petrażycki) and ‘inherent – even if impaired, or as some say, abused – sovereignty of the indigenous people’ (Justice Marshall). The pluralist notion of ‘law’, the distinction between the ‘normative positive’ reference and the ‘normative intuition’ and the distinction between the ‘normative’ and the ‘factual’ should allow one to organize systematically the multiple issues that one encounters when approaching the area of ‘indigenous law’. From discussion of the official nonindigenous indigenous law exemplified by the federal Native American law of the United States the paper moves on to discuss the Navajo case of the official tribal law. It comes out that the native procedures and law are full of religious meaning so the ‘cultural’ sovereignty is much more fundamental and value-loaded than the secular philosophy of human rights incommensurable with the right to one’s own law. This is not considered when borrowing from native law into secular Western law (Greenland’s Criminal Code; mediation procedures in North America). The meaning of cultural sovereignty is the right to develop one’s law so that it fits one’s needs and aims. But the full success story is when the antithesis of the ‘indigenous’ and ‘dominant’ law is settled through the feedback from the former to the latter, like when the law – not only of a country but also on the global level – becomes syncretic and embraces deeper universalization of the human rights.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 96; 146-207
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The constitutional right to privacy and the operation of algorithms verifying electoral preferences from the face
Autorzy:
Stępień-Załucka, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-04-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
privacy rights
algorithms
face recognition
new technologies
Opis:
New technologies bring not only many opportunities but also many risks. Some of them we have already got used to, while others still pose a challenge. The latter undoubtedly includes constantly evolving algorithms. Every day we learn about new possibilities for their application. Unfortunately, these possibilities or applications do not always go hand in hand with the existing rights and freedoms and increasingly pose a threat of their infringement. Recently, research results have been published on the recognition of individuals’ voting preferences from their faces by an algorithm. Such a possibility in application carries the risk of violation of constitutional rights, including the right to privacy. In this paper, this problem will be developed. First, the essence of the right to privacy will be examined and then, based on the research on facial recognition biometrics, I will present the scope and consequences of its violation.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 101; 412-423
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The convention on international liability for damage caused by space objects from the human rights perspective – selected aspects
Autorzy:
Kulińska-Kępa, Zuzanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects
international human rights law
space and human rights
Opis:
In spite of the Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects being in force for a long time, it has not as yet been analysed from a human rights perspective. While at the beginning of the space age activities in space were associated only with states, the progress on humankind in the conquest of space has significantly changed that. Nowadays, the role of individuals in space operations is growing. The well-established human rights law on Earth also needs to be reflected in regulations concerning outer space. This paper assesses selected aspects of the Convention from the human rights perspective. The analysis encompasses the definition of “damage” along with the possible amount of compensation due to individuals and the different aspects of procedural guarantees available for them. The paper presents two possible routes for obtaining compensation: one through diplomatic channels and another using national channels of launching states. This study offers a de lege ferenda proposal to appeal to state parties to introduce internal regulations aimed at avoiding human rights infringements. Domestic law systems may create legal provisions that may fill the gaps caused by the Convention’s limitations, e.g. by introducing an appropriate insurance system for space passengers.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 97; 70-86
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The issue of indigenous peoples at the United Nations: selected problems
Autorzy:
Menkes, Jerzy
Suska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899395.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-07-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
indigenous peoples
United Nations (UN)
collective rights
right to self- determination
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Opis:
The paper is a critical analysis of the index of norms and mechanisms protecting the collective rights of indigenous peoples established at the United Nations. The norms and mechanisms for the rights of indigenous peoples have been studied from two viewpoints: firstly, through the prism of how the norm of ‘the right to self-determination’ is created and implemented within the framework of international cooperation; and secondly, as collective rights, which are both a form of implementation of the individual human right and its complement. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has been analysed with the use of the legal and dogmatic method. The conclusion provides an assessment complemented by de lege ferenda postulates.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 96; 232-252
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drug possession, chilean indigenous peoples, and cultural defenses
Autorzy:
Cespedes, Rodrigo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-07-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
indigenous peoples
indigenous rights
religious freedom
traditional religions
criminal law
cultural defences
possession of drugs
cultural diversity
international human rights law
Opis:
This paper examines two decisions in which the legal dispute was focused on whether it was lawful to possess coca leaves by indigenous peoples to practice rituals according to their traditional customs. Both ILO Convention 169 (ILO C169) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) were paramount in justifying a cultural defence.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 96; 31-40
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The rights of indigenous peoples in Indonesia in the context of ‘responsibility to protect’
Autorzy:
Ryniak-Olszanka, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899407.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-07-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
responsibility to protect
Indonesia
Komnas HAM
human rights courts
Opis:
The concept of ‘responsibility to protect’ (RtoP) was adopted at the United Nations World Summit by the Member States in 2005. The first pillar of this principle laid down in paragraph 138 of the World Summit Outcome Document of the UN General Assembly obliges states to protect their population from genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and ethnic cleansing. This paper aims to prove that Indonesia not only endorsed this idea at the diplomatic level but also implemented a mechanism which protects the indigenous community in the event of serious human rights violations. The Indonesian system is based on the state’s obligations arising from ratified international human rights treaties and the national institutions, such as the Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) and Human Rights Courts that respond to the first pillar of the responsibility to protect. This paper presents the international and national legislation as well as the mechanism set up by the Indonesian authorities to protect indigenous people in cases of serious human rights violations. It focuses on examples of the actions undertaken by Komnas HAM and the ad hoc tribunal established at the permanent Human Rights Court in connection with situations where the rights of the Papuan people were violated. Despite the imperfection of the system, the conclusion is that the Indonesian state has the instruments necessary to protect the rights of the indigenous communities according to the RtoP principle embodied in paragraph 138 of the UN World Summit Outcome Document.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 96; 301-317
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Motherhood and law: Reflections on human rights provisions and selected judgments of the European courts
Autorzy:
Bach-Golecka, Dobrochna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47263536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
motherhood
prenatal rights
prenatal medicine
difference feminism
ethics of care
human rights
macierzyństwo
prawa prenatalne
medycyna prenatalna
feminizm różnicy
etyka troski
prawa człowieka
Opis:
The article focuses upon the phenomenon of motherhood within international and European legal contexts. The initial remarks concern the analysis of motherhood as an activity deeply rooted in interpersonal relations, in accordance with the feminist theory of care. Relevant human rights provisions dealing with motherhood are identified, and the scope of mothers’ legal entitlements and public authorities’ duties is analyzed. Selected case-law of the European courts is presented, in order to identify the obligations of public authorities related to providing support to the relationship between mother and child. The selection of cases is based upon their impact on bioethics, healthcare, and medical services. Therefore, the overall goal is to examine the hypothesis of prospective correspondence or lack of correspondence between the provisions of human rights treaties on motherhood (law in books) and courts’ adjudication (law in action). In the final part of the article concluding remarks and observations are offered.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2021, 90; 24-57
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Правовые пределы свободы творчества
Autorzy:
Diana, Bratuś,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902815.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-11-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
copyright
natural law
legal limits
freedom of creativity
freedom
moral rights
Opis:
The author based on the fundamental ideas freedom of opinion and expression, prohibition of censorship, etc. analyses the natural and legal content of the principle of artistic freedom in copyright law and the limits of this freedom. The author builds a position to address specific theoretical and applied problems, compares the mechanisms of protection of moral rights in terms of public and civil law.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2017, 70; 75-85
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Redefining the rule of law: in search of a universal social dimension
Autorzy:
Dzięgielewska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48548619.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-22
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
rule of law
rule of law definition
social rights
social welfare
Opis:
Bearing in mind that there exists no universally accepted definition of the rule of law, this paper sets out to identify its commonly agreed core, and to expand it by adding substantive elements. While the core is not controversial, the second part of the rule of law framework, comprising social welfare rights, essentially aims to revisit classical accounts of the rule of law. The analysis involves the frequently ignored social dimension of the rule of law, defending the necessity of its translation into a substantive element of the definition. Some general arguments are offered explaining why social rights protection should be included in the definition of the rule of law.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 95; 110-124
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Neuroprawa – prawne aspekty przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom płynącym z rozwoju neurotechnologii
Autorzy:
Iwańczyk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899249.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
neurotechnologies
neurolaws
human rights
right of privacy
cognitive liberty
brain data
Opis:
The main subject of this paper is an overview of legal regulations on neurotechnology. The purpose of the analysis is also to define threats posed by the development of neurotechnology, to present proposals of laws and regulations that would counteract these threats, referred to as ‘neurolaws’, which have already been formulated in science, to review and analyse national regulatory solutions adopted in recent years (Chile) and international standards (OECD). The study is also an attempt at encouraging debate about the advancement in neurotechnology and the validity of the laws in view of this innovation.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 94; 80-91
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Patient Rights Within the System of Legal Aid. A Starting Point Towards Medical Anthropology
Autorzy:
Sylwia, Bartnik, Adriana
Błażej, Kmieciak,
Julia, Kowalska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902627.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
patient’s rights
medical information
therapeutic relationship
the medical professional-patient relationship
Patients’ Rights Ombudsman
prawa pacjenta
informacja medyczna
relacja terapeutyczna
relacja pacjent‒ lekarz
Rzecznik Prawa Pacjenta
Opis:
Paper expounds upon the problem of patient rights, taking particular account of the right to information: on one’s state of health, examination, diagnosis, proposed and practicable diagnostic methods, proposed and practicable medical methods, prognosis. The authors also pinpoint that, in a broader context, free legal aid centres operating under the 2015 Act might face up to issues pertaining to patient rights. An answer is also sought to the question of how the realization of the right to information could be enhanced, and the authors furnish recommendations on the matter.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2019, 82; 53-69
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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