Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę ": Constitution" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Remarks on the Dispute over the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland
Autorzy:
Ryszard, Piotrowski,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902515.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Constitution
democratic state ruled by law
Constitutional Tribunal
Opis:
Where a system of constitutional judicial review is in place, the concept of democracy is understood as rejecting claims about an unlimited will of the sovereign as the source of state authority, and confining democracy to such manifestations of the majority will which enjoy Constitutional legitimacy – meaning that they are in compliance with the version of a human rights culture that has been inscribed in the Constitution and which is embraced by Constitutional judges when delivering their adjudication. Following the recent parliamentary and presidential elections, the political significance of the Constitutional Tribunal has increased enormously. Only the Constitutional Tribunal is capable of preventing the centre of political power (which governs over the legislative and executive branches) from pursuing its plans. According to parliamentary majority in order to change Poland and fulfil commitments to the electorate, the ruling party had to see to it that the Tribunal’s make-up is pluralistic. Otherwise, all their efforts would be exposed to destruction by the Constitutional Tribunal. This way of thinking, though, implies that the Constitutional Tribunal can be changed in an ordinary law in such a way as to render it incapable of opposing the ruling majority. Regarding the ongoing Constitutional crisis over the Constitutional Tribunal, a scenario involving the observance of the basic law does not appear to be a likely one – unless such scenario leads to the expectation, however mistaken, that political gains can thus be scored and that the operation of the Constitutional Tribunal will no longer pose a threat to plans of the parliamentary majority.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 68; 279-292
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konstytucja a małżeństwo: studium komparatystyczne na przykładzie Polski i Hiszpanii
Autorzy:
Natalia, Woszczyk,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902417.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-01-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
constitution
marriage
homosexuality
Polska
Spain
konstytucja
małżeństwo
homoseksualizm
Polska
Hiszpania
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to compare constitutional regulations of marriage in Polish and Spanish legal systems. Both Polish and Spanish Constitutions emphasise the difference of sex between spouses and define marriage as a relationship between man and woman. Despite this, same-sex marriage has been legal in Spain since 2003, wheareas in Poland no regulations have been implemented in this area until now.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2018, 76; 400-416
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uzasadnianie kryminalizacji na wybranych przykładach przepisów pozakodeksowego prawa karnego sensu largo
Autorzy:
Kacper, Oleksy,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-12
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
criminalisation
Constitution
non-codified criminal offences
legislation
kryminalizacja
Konstytucja
pozakodeksowe czyny zabronione
legislacja
Opis:
The axiological fundaments of criminalisation of certain human behaviours are set out in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Their application is problematic, especially in the case of crimes and petty offences regulated outside of the Criminal Code and the Code of Petty Offences. The analysis of the examples of such criminal offences, touching in particular the commercial activity, brings to the conclusion that the prinicples of criminalisation used by the Polish legislative power are unclear. The parliament does not provide the courts and administration with any motives of its decisions, which may hinder the proper application of law. Such situation encourages the jurisprudence to propose different procedural schemes for the decision on criminalisation.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2017, 69; 99-114
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constitutional Norms in the Polish and Finnish Constitutions of the Interwar Period
Autorzy:
Dawid, Michalski,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902485.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
constitutionalism
constitution
Finland
Polska
interwar period
konstytucjonalizm
konstytucja
Finlandia
Polska
dwudziestolecie między- wojenne
Opis:
In the interwar period, intensified activity aimed at constitutional legislation is observed. This also concerned the Second Republic of Poland and the Republic of Finland, in which breakthrough acts were adopted. In Poland, two uniform constitutions were in force, significantly affecting the evolution of the state system in this period – the March Constitution of 1926 and the April Constitution of 1935. In Finland, one constitution was created, but of a complex nature – four legal acts were adopted in the period of 1919-1928. While in the Second Republic of Poland, in principle until the so-called May coup in 1926, the parliamentary tendencies were observed, in the Republic of Finland from the beginning, the executive power was equipped with strong competences, but within the parliamentary system. In Poland, as a result of adoption of the April Constitution, the state system was strongly turned towards authoritarianism. Both states saw their chance of maintaining independence in the pro-authoritarian tendencies, especially in the period preceding the II World War, due to the difficult geopolitical situation. In Poland, the authorities wanted to eliminate the chaos created by typical parliamentary governance. In Finland, this was not only related to the tradition of a strong executive, but more to the fear of potential revolutionary activities (like the Civil War of 1918) in the future that the head of state would be able to prevent.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2019, 80; 235-249
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constitution, Judicial Review, and the Rule of Law in the Jurisprudence of Administrative Courts in Poland
Autorzy:
Marcin, Wiącek,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
rule of law
Constitution
administrative courts
Supreme Administrative Court
Constitutional Tribunal
application of the Constitution
judicial review of law
zasada państwa prawnego
Konstytucja
sądy administracyjne
Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny
Trybunał Konstytucyjny
stosowanie Konstytucji
sądowa kontrola konstytucyjności prawa
Opis:
In the light of Article 184 of the 1997 Constitution administrative courts verify the lawfulness of administrative decisions and some other acts of public administration. Furthermore, administrative courts may review the lawfulness, including the compliance with the Constitution, of the so called “enactments of local law” (referred to in Articles 87(2) and 94 of the Constitution). Pursuant to Article 8(2) of the Constitution “The provisions of the Constitution shall apply directly, unless the Constitution provides otherwise”. This constitutional competence is addressed, inter alia, to courts. In practice, administrative courts apply Constitution in three ways: 1) pro-constitutional interpretation of laws, 2) referring the so called questions of law to the Constitutional Tribunal, 3) ruling in a case directly on the basis of a constitutional provision. The provision applied by administrative courts in most cases is Article 2 of the Constitution, which stipulates that “The Republic of Poland shall be a democratic state governed by the rule of law (…)”. The Article is focused on most important cases in which the rule of law principle was applied. Administrative courts, as well as other courts and the Constitutional Tribunal, consider the rule of law principle to be the source of several detailed principles, e.g. the certainty of law, the lex retro non agit principle, the loyalty of the State towards citizens, the citizens’ trust in the State and the law, the principle of proportionality. Each of these principles was referred to in the large number of administrative courts’ judgments as the basis of a ruling. This proves that the Constitution, in particular the rule of law principle, is one of the instruments utilized by administrative courts’ judges in their everyday work.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2019, 79; 92-106
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konstytucyjne gwarancje praw jednostki. Model szwedzki i nowozelandzki
Autorzy:
Katarzyna, Sikora,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-01-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
human rights and freedoms
constitution
civic guarantees
state authorities
prawa i wolności człowieka
konstytucja
gwarancje jednostki
organy państwa
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to analyse and describe fundamental individual rights in relation to the Constitution of Sweden and New Zealand. Basic human rights include the right to dignity, right to liberty and the right to equality. Everyone is equally entitled regardless of origin, race, gender or education. Based on the analysis of several acts concerning the constitutional legislation of both countries it is evident that there is a lack of uniformity the nature of these have been complex and difficult to convey. Concerning Sweden, the Constitution consists of four acts in which the act of government includes standards governing and representing protection of the rights a liberty of a citizen. Constitutional legislation of New Zealand is more complicated because it consists of the Treaty of Waitangi 1840, The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, numerous laws, statutes setting up by the New Zealand Parliament as well as numerous constitutional customs, which may constitute legal standards and translate into precedent acts of courts. Despite the daily violation of rights in both Sweden and New Zealand, the complex legal systems protect and secure the rights of the people in their countries by introducing a series of laws and other regulations. The government of both countries, as well as public authority and other non-governmental organisations do their best to ensure they are respected and not violated. It should be noted that both Sweden and New Zealand have proven to comply with the obligations imposed on them under their national and international obligations with some undoubtable success, with generally well accepted principles in the whole civilised world.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2018, 76; 322-340
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcje prawne Ignacego Matuszewskiego w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej
Autorzy:
Wawrzyniec, Kowalski,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Ignacy Matuszewski
The Second Republic
Poland – the state system
The March Constitution
The April Constitution
two-chamber
The Council of Ministries of the Republic
supporters of Pilsudski
sanation
interwar period
Druga Rzeczypospolita
Polska – ustrój państwa
Konstytucja marcowa
Konstytucja kwietniowa
dwuizbowość
Rada Ministrów RP
piłsudczycy
sanacja
dwudziestolecie międzywojenne
Opis:
The subject matter of this article is discussing legal concepts of Ignacy Matuszewski in the interwar period. In the core of the camp of adherents of Piłsudski he was one of the few people interested in the economic issues of the state, what is more he belonged to a small circle of its representatives who themselves formulated original political concepts of the Republic of Poland. Matuszewski’s output as a publicist formed not only the projects of a constitution, but also discussions concerning the shape and functioning of specific constitutional bodies. It was demonstrated that Matuszewski – the proponent of strong power of the head of the state, at the same time was characterised by a pragmatic attitude to system issues. He was against the view that only with the help of adequately enacted law the intended goal could be unfailingly achieved. The article contains the analysis of Matuszewski’s constitutional views from which it could be deduced that he was the advocate of a two-chamber parliament and of effective rule of the Council of Ministers. The study brings closer the achievements of Matuszewski in the sphere of law, which are in our times practically unknown.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 66; 135-152
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wolność uprawiania kultu religijnego w Polsce w czasie zarazy – analiza przypadku
Autorzy:
Myszona-Kostrzewa, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1632210.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
constitution
international law
freedom of conscience and religion
freedom to worship
konstytucja
prawo międzynarodowe
wolność sumienia i religii
wolność uprawiania kultu
Opis:
This analysis of freedom of religious worship is associated with a special situation in the world and in Poland caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Restrictions introduced by the Government in Poland enter the constitutional sphere of religious liberty. Under international law and the 1997 Constitution of Poland, the freedom of manifestation of religion may be restricted only by statute and only if it is necessary to protect national security, public order, health, morality or the freedom and rights of others.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2020, 86; 183-195
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Selected Issues Concerning Foundation Law in Poland
Autorzy:
Edyta, Litwiniuk,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902754.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
foundation
founder
Constitution of the Republic of Poland
supervision over foundations
civil society
fundacja
fundator
Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
nadzór nad fundacjami
społeczeństwo obywatelskie
Opis:
This paper is an attempt to assess selected aspects of the state of foundation law in Poland in relation to the legal position that the Constitution of the Republic of Poland has granted them. The text analyses selected statutory solutions in the light of separable patterns for reviewing their compliance with constitutional principles and values. In the author’s opinion, the provisions of the Polish Foundations Act and the regulations concerning the financing of foundations violate the constitutional standards of the Republic of Poland. In particular, it has been found that foundation law contains many loopholes, the filling of which requires the use of complicated interpretation techniques, which makes it impossible to ensure that the institution of the foundation is being and will be used properly as an element of civil society in a modern democratic state. Moreover, the opinion was presented that the functioning of foundations is excessively influenced by executive bodies, run by active politicians. This concerns, first of all, the unclear principles of supervision over foundations’ activities, and excessive powers to issue the executive regulations included in the Foundations Act, as well as the principles of the allocation of funds towards grants by the National Freedom Institute, based on a disproportionate freedom of decision making. For these reasons, the author postulates the adjustment of the Polish statutory regulation, dating back to the period of the Polish People’s Republic, to the constitutional standards introduced by the Constitution of 1997 and enshrined in the case law of the Constitutional Tribunal.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2018, 78; 280-295
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Koncepcje ustrojowo-prawne oraz ekonomiczne Siergieja Juliewicza Witte
Autorzy:
Mariusz, Oszczyk,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902782.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Witte
Nicholas II
reforms
samodzierżawie
constitution
war
conservatism
reaction
liberalism
zemstvo
obszczina
Mikołaj II
reformy
samodierżawie
konstytucja
wojna
konserwatyzm
reakcja
liberalizm
ziemstwo
Opis:
Siergiej Juliewicz Witte (1849–1915) was the prominent Russian statesman. He was the first Prime Minister in the history of that country. During the reign of Alexander III and at the beginning of rule of Nicolaus II, he was the follower of samodierżawije, but gradually started supporting constitutional system. This ideological change was a result of Russian – Japanese war and of 1905 revolution. He was an author of October manifesto. Local government criticized the institution of samodzierżawije, but he incorporated it in a constitutional system. He declared for individual estate and for liquidation of landed estate/community. He created the conditions for the industrialization process in Russia. Siergiej Witte criticized Russian participation in the 1st World War.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 66; 301-312
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Short History of the Rule of Law in the United States (1954-2016)
Autorzy:
Ryan, Rowberry,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-03
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Rule of Law
executive
judiciary
United States
U.S. Constitution
praworządność
władza wykonawcza/egzekutywa
sądownictwo
Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki Północnej
Konstytucja Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej
Opis:
Many Americans and outside observers assume that the United States of America was founded upon a cluster of principles known as the “Rule of Law”. Indeed, Articles I, II, and III of the United States Constitution of 1789, purportedly establish the rights and authorities of three co-equal branches of government: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Adherence to the Rule of Law in the United States, however, has a much shorter history. During the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, the President of the United States – leader of the executive branch—often ignored or contradicted decisions by the judiciary when it served their ambitions. Monumental architecture and actions by early Justices on the U.S. Supreme Court also testify that the judiciary was the least respected branch in the U.S. government. Not until 1954 with the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education and its vigorous enforcement by the President of the United States – nearly 200 years after America’s founding – can the United States accurately be described as a nation that consistently follows the Rule of Law. With the repeated questionable and unconstitutional tactics deployed by the Trump administration, however, this period of the Rule of Law in the United States is waning. To prevent its continued decline, the Rule of Law in the United States (and elsewhere) must be vigorously protected and nurtured. For in the end, the Rule of Law is merely an idea, a belief that must be acted upon to be realized. When not constantly protected and cultivated, the Rule of Law can and will wither.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2019, 79; 14-28
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwagi o prawnym znaczeniu konstytucyjnego zakazu nadmiernego zadłużania państwa
Autorzy:
Piotrowski, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1632213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Constitution
national public debt
public finance
budget deficit
freedom of economic activity
parliament
Konstytucja
państwowy dług publiczny
finanse publiczne
deficyt budżetowy
swoboda działalności gospodarczej
parlament
Opis:
According to Article 216.5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland it shall be permissible neither to contract loans nor provide guarantees and financial sureties which would engender a national public debt exceeding three-fifths of the value of the annual gross domestic product. The method of calculating the value of the annual gross domestic product and national public debt shall be specified by statute. However, this provision co-establishing the principle of balance budget as constitutional value is not an absolute paradigm. It is limited by other constitutional values and principles, including the principle of common good, and should not be abused against the principle of diligence and efficiency in the work of state bodies.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2020, 86; 227-240
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Foundations of the Uncodified Historical Constitution of Hungary
Autorzy:
Zsófia, Biró,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Golden Bull
Hungarian uncodified constitution
Doctrine of the Holy Crown
Pragmatic Sanction
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
Złota bulla
węgierska konstytucja materialna
Korona świętego Stefana
Sankcja Pragmatyczna
kompromis austriacko-węgierski
Opis:
The article examines the evolution of the Hungarian Public and Constitutional Law from 1301 until the Austro-Hungarian compromise in 1867. The topic is highly relevant, because the year 2017 marked the 330th anniversary of the 1st and 2nd Act of 1687, which state that the Habsburgs are the only and true heirs of the Hungarian throne; it also marked the 150th anniversary of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise. Furthermore the current Fundamental Law says that “We honour the achievements of our historical constitution and we honour the Holy Crown, which embodies the constitutional continuity of Hungary’s statehood and the unity of the nation”. The main chain of thoughts of the article presents the crown-ideology and the Doctrine of the Holy Crown, the Rákos field resolution of 1505, the Acts 2 and 3 of 1687, the Pragmatic Sanction, Acts 10 and 12 of 1790, the public law aspects of the April Laws of 1848, and the laws on the Austro-Hungarian Compromise. The article presents the fundamental documents of the Hungarian uncodified historical Constitution issued within the given period. Through their formation and historical background we can truly understand the Hungarian customary law and the legal traditions, which are still honoured by our present Fundamental Law.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2019, 80; 39-58
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obsada godności Muftiego Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego a zasady Konstytucji RP
Autorzy:
Paweł, Borecki,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902479.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Muslim Religious Union
Mufti
Constitution of the Republic of Poland
autonomy and independence of religious associations
religious freedom
Muzułmański Związek Religijny
Konstytucja RP
autonomia i niezależność związków wyznaniowych
wolność religijna
Opis:
In the Muslim Religious Union there is a dispute over the establishment of the Mufti office. From 2016, a schism has arisen in this religious community. This situation is a source of challenges for the authorities of the state administration and the courts in the application of a number of principles of the 1997 Constitution of the Republic of Poland. There are principles: autonomy and independence of religious associations in their scope, legalism, legal certainty or confidence of citizens in the state and their rights. The legal status of the Union is based on anachronistic legislation: the Act of April 21, 1936, on the relationship of the State to the Muslim Religious Union in the Republic of Poland and the statute approved by the Council of Ministers by way of an ordinance of August 26, 1936. In practice, the Muslim Religious Association applies the 2009 internal statute. Religious authorities and courts try to remain neutral and not interfere in the internal dispute in the Muslim Religious Union. This is in line with the standards stemming from the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights and the constitutional principle of autonomy and independence of religious associations in their own rig However, there is a state of legal uncertainty. It is urgent to repeal the Act and the Statute of 1936. This can be done either by a Constitutional Court decision or by passing a new law on the basis of the Muslim Religious Union Agreement with the Council of Ministers.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2018, 78; 61-78
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, and the Limits of Popular Sovereignty: Rethinking the Polish Experience
Autorzy:
Ryszard, Piotrowski,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-05-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
separation of powers
checks and balances
rule of law
democracy
the Constitution
human rights
values
sovereign
privacy
new technologies
podział władzy
kontrola i równowaga
praworządność
demokracja
Konstytucja
prawa człowieka
wartości
suwerenność
prywatność
nowe technologie
Opis:
The principle of checks and balances counts among the most fundamental constitutional values, as it is connected with the recognition and guaranteeing of human rights – in other words is the very essence of the Constitution, an act that limits the majority rule to allow for the rights and freedoms of the individual. Also of key importance is the connection of this precept with the essence of the democratic system, understood as one where the majority rule is constrained by human rights. The principle of checks and balances could function in full only in correspondence with culture of respect for human rights. The status of the sovereign needs legitimacy, which derives from the sovereign’s subordination to the Constitution. Being sovereign means being unsubordinated to anybody. It is thus fair to conclude that the attribute of sovereignty actually belongs to the values that have been shaped by culture and linked to the timeless moral rules and principles corresponding to humanity’s eternal dilemmas – the values that create the constitutional culture, i.e. a community’s set of values. The sovereign does not exercise the supreme authority over values, and the values are embodied in the Constitution, which is inseparably linked with the people and their sovereignty. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland reflects the precepts of liberal democracy, or such kind of democracy where the sources of human rights do not stem from the will of the majority. The model of governance adopted in the Constitution could be described as consensual democracy. Constitutional practice has taken a course where the system of consensual democracy – as laid down in the Constitution of Poland, with the power of the majority being constrained by rights of the minority – is turning into a system of a majority democracy, based not on a dialogue between the majority and the opposition, but on the power of a parliamentary majority who disregards the systemic role of the opposition.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2019, 79; 78-91
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies