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Tytuł:
Autoproscoptae, Bogomils and Messalians in the 14th Century Bulgaria
Autorzy:
Wolski, Jan Mikołaj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682148.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
bogomilism
Bulgaria
monasticism
monastic rules
Opis:
This paper discusses the use of the names of heresies: bogomilism, messalianism and the heresy of autoproscoptae in 14th century Bulgarian sources. The author underlines that the names of bogomilism and messalianism do not always refer to dualism. Two wider unknown examples of such use of the name “messalinism” are recalled. In the Pseudo-Zonaras Nomocanon (CIAI 1160), the name “messalianism” is treated as being equal to the “heresy of autoproscoptae”. In the Rule for hermits, messalians are presented not as heretics, but as monks disregarding their rules.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2014, 4; 233-241
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Continuity between Early Paulicianism and the Seventeenth-Century Bulgarian Paulicians: the Paulician Legend of Rome and the Ritual of the Baptism by Fire
Autorzy:
Saldzhiev, Hristo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682318.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Bogomils
Paulicians
Bulgaria
Paulician legend of Rome
ritual of the baptism by fire
Opis:
During the Middle Ages two dualistic communities were active in Bulgaria and Bulgarian lands – Bogomils and Paulicians. Paulicians, unlike Bogomils, survived as a separate religious sect up to the 17th century, when most of them gradually accepted Catholicism. The detailed reports of Catholic missionaries, priests and bishops shed light on different aspects of their beliefs and practices from the 17th century. The aim of the present article is to propose an explanation of a strange ritual and a legend spread among the Bulgarian Paulicians and recorded in the above-mentioned reports. The thesis of the article is that the legend and the ritual in question refer to the early history of Paulicianism. The ritual is related to syncretic religious notions and goes beyond the scope of dualism. I try to examine the legend and ritual in the context of Paulician history in the Balkans, especially in the context of Paulician belief system, inherited from the early Anatolian Paulicians.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2019, 9; 657-679
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Prehistory of Bogomilism – the Historical and Religious Continuum of the Dualistic Groups in Early Medieval Bulgaria (8th–10th Century)
Autorzy:
Saldzhiev, Hristo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027727.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Bogomilism
Poto-Bogomilian group
Bulgaria
Manicheism
Masallianism
Marcionists
Paulicians
Opis:
The aim of the present article is to shed light on the prehistory of Bogomilism, in particular on the existence of an initial Proto-Bogomilian group from the second half of the 8th century to the first decades of the 10th century, which subsequently gave rise to Bogomilism. For this purpose I will try to regard problems referring to the time and exact place of its emergence, the cultural and ethnical affiliation of its first adherents, its connection with previous dualistic teachings from the Near East and Anatolia. The final conclusions are: • The roots of Bogomilism must be sought among the Syriac migrants who settled in Thrace in the second half of the 8th century. • Groups which shared a different kind of dualistic ideas and notions existed among them. The group that can be identified as “Proto-Bogomilian” most likely inhabited the region of Philippopolis/ Plovdiv and followed some branch of Paulicianism different from this of Paulicians who in the mid-9th century built the “Paulician state” in Tephrice. • The dualism of the Proto-Bogomilian group stemmed from Marcion’s doctrine with some Manichean admixtures. It had experienced the influence of Masallianism long before the migration of this group towards the Balkans. This can explain the differences with Marcionists and Paulicians. The radical asceticism of the later Bogomils most probably must be attributed to the influence of Masallianism on the initial Proto-Bogomilian group too.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2021, 11; 721-761
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Apocryphal Bulgarian Sermon of Saint John Chrysostom on the Оrigin of Paulicians and Manichean Dimensions of Medieval Paulician Identity
Autorzy:
Saldzhiev, Hristo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1032049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Bogomils
Paulicians
Bulgaria
Manicheism
Opis:
The article deals with one of the medieval Bulgarian sources about the origin of Paulicianism – the so called Sermon of Saint John Chrysostom on the Оrigin of Paulicians. On the basis of linguistic, textological and historical analysis it is concluded that the “sermon” appears to be a popular “contra version” of an unknown Paulician myth of historical and religious identity. It is suggested a reconstruction of this supposed myth and its obvious connections with Manicheism are traced out. Finally the traces of Manicheism in Paulician belief system are discussed.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2020, 10; 425-444
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monarchs’ Names and Numbering in the Second Bulgarian State
Autorzy:
Mladjov, Ian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682256.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Bulgaria
Byzantium
Serbia
personal names
monarchs
house of Asen
house of Terter
house of Šišman
house of Sracimir
Opis:
The article explores the onomastic practices of medieval Bulgarians, focusing on the Second Bulgarian State, from the late 12th to the early 15th century. The collected evidence suggests that soon after their conversion to Christianity, Bulgarians abandoned the attested pre-Christian clan names. Yet, despite the undeniable strength of Byzantine cultural influence, neither aristocrats nor commoners in Bulgaria seem to have adopted Byzantine-type family names, nor, for that matter, making recourse to the use of patronymics as found among the Eastern and other Southern Slavs. Thus, for example, the name Asen became a true family name only among members of the royal family living in Byzantium. More generally, the few cases of family names or patronymics apparently applied to medieval Bulgarians, seem to be restricted to a foreign context. While family names and patronymics do not seem to have been employed in Christian Medieval Bulgaria, many individuals (at least where males are concerned) appear to have sported double names, composed almost invariably of a baptismal Christian name paired with a folk name usually derived from Slavic or even Bulgar tradition. This practice included Bulgaria’s monarchs, most of whom had such double names that should not be misinterpreted as family names or patronyms, as often done in the past. Specific names did, however, function as indicators for belonging within a particular lineage, as witnessed by the propagation of names like Asen, Terter, Šišman, and Sracimir. Thus, while these cannot be considered true family names, we could continue to use them as expedients to designate the ruling clans of Medieval Bulgaria (e.g., the House of Terter), albeit recognizing this to be a modern label. These considerations not only elucidate another aspect of cultural practice in Medieval Bulgaria, but also allow and necessitate a relatively inobtrusive emendation and systematization of the historiographical nomenclature of Medieval Bulgarian monarchs. Discarding the notion of family names and recognizing foreign patronymics for what they are, it becomes possible to recover the actual results of dynastic name selection, as well as the rationale behind them.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2015, 5; 267-310
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Note on the Adoption of the Byzantine Models in Medieval Bulgaria (9th–10th Centuries). The Case with the Chrysorrhoas Collection
Autorzy:
Miltenov, Yavor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
John Chrysostom
medieval Slavonic translations
Zlatostruy
adoption of Byzantine models in medieval Bulgaria
Opis:
The paper aims at examining the first Slavic collection of homilies of John Chrysostom, called Zlatostruy (i.e. Chrysorrhoas or Golden Stream). The peculiarities of its content, compilation strategy and impact on the medieval Bulgarian literature, revealed in previous studies, allow us to extract features that are related to the flourishing of the 10th century Bulgarian literary tradition and the successful adoption of Byzantine models.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2017, 7; 161-167
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Asparuh and His People on the Lower Danube through the Eyes of Theophanes, or a Story that Was Not Meant to Happen
Autorzy:
Marinow, Kirił
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Kubrat
Asparuh
Kotrag
Theophanes the Confessor
Onglos
medieval Bulgaria
Byzantine historiography
myths and legends of origins
Byzantine ideology
Opis:
The Bulgarians’ settlement in the Lower Danube area constituted one of the most significant events in the history of the Balkan Peninsula in the Middle Ages. The Danube Bulgaria’s rise and its territorial expansion changed the political situation in this area. The Bulgarians became Byzantium’s chief opponents in the struggle for establishing ascendancy over the Balkan Peninsula. The analysis of Theophanes’ Chronography, which remains, in addition to the account by Patriarch Nicephorus, the main source of information about these events supports the conclusion that this Byzantine author took a very negative view of the effects of the arrival of these nomads in the former Byzantine territories. Although this account has been analysed in detail by a number of scholars, these authors have paid no attention to the key role of the tale of Khan Kubrat and the disobedience of his five sons who failed to remain faithful to his last wish. The significance of the personal experiences of Theophanes, who witnessed the Bulgarian expansion during the era of Khan Krum, is also omitted from today’s discussion of these issues. These experiences contributed to the way in which he viewed the migration of the ancestors of the distinguished Bulgarian ruler. The chronicler may thus be considered to have offered a very clear view of what the readers should think of the Bulgarians’ arrival in the Balkan territories.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2018, 8; 167-191
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Τέρνοβος, ἐν ᾗ τὰ βασίλεια ἦν τῶν Βουλγάρων: the Role of the Bulgarian Capital City According to Ῥωμαϊκὴ ἱστορία by Nikephoros Gregoras
Autorzy:
Marinow, Kirił
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234052.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Nikephoros Gregoras
Tărnovo
Tărnovgrad
Veliko Tărnovo
Byzantium and Bulgaria
medieval Bulgaria
medieval Balkans
medieval capitals
Byzantine historiography
the others in Byzantine sources
Bulgaria in Byzantine sources
Opis:
The paper is devoted to a detailed analysis of direct and indirect references to Tărnovo, the capital of the so-called Second Bulgarian Tsardom (12th–14th centuries) in Roman history of Nikephoros Gregoras, an outstanding Byzantine scholar of the first half of the fourteenth century. An analysis of the passages devoted to this city leads to a conclusion that the status of the city was fully obvious to the Byzantine historian – this was the main, capital city of the Bulgarian state, in which its rulers permanently resided, without holding which one could not be a fully legitimate tsar of the Bulgarians and exercise real power of the northern neighbours of Byzantium. Thus the conflicts over power in contemporary Bulgaria focused primarily on taking Tărnovo. The Bulgarian tsar departed with military expeditions most often from this city, having gathered in its vicinity armed forces, and to this city Byzantines and rulers of other neighbouring countries sent their envoys to meet with the Bulgarian autocrat.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2022, 12; 135-157
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Competition for Cumania between Hungary and Bulgaria (1211–1247)
Autorzy:
Madgearu, Alexandru
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Bulgaria
Hungary
Wallachia
Moldavia
Cumans
Boril
John Asan II
Andrew II
Bela IV
Teutonic Order
Hospitallers
Opis:
Because the alliance between the Cumans and Bulgaria was a danger both for Hungary and the Latin Empire, it was preferable for Hungary to extend its domination over Cumania. The Teutonic knights were settled in south-eastern Transylvania in 1211 to defend it against the Cumans, who, after 1214, became enemies also for Bulgaria. Besides the few fortresses built in the Bârsa land, there is no certain proof for an expansion of the Teutonic Order outside the Carpathians, and by consecquence of the Hungarian kingdom, in the period before the Mongol invasion of 1241. After the departure of the Teutonic knights in 1225, Cumania became the target of the Dominican mission which was present since around 1221 in Terra Severin, a north-Danubian Bulgarian possession. The Cuman bishopric was established in 1227. The subjection of these Cumans made useless the preservation of the Hungarian-Bulgarian alliance closed in 1214, and the consequence was the annexation of Terra Severin by Hungary, sometimes between 1228 and 1232, as a Banat. The final act of the Hungarian expansion in Cumania was the introduction of the title of King of Cumania by Bela IV in 1236. The region where it was established the bishopric of Cumania continued to be under the influence of the Church of Tărnovo, even after the end of the domination of the Bulgarian state in this north-Danubian territory. In 1241, the Cuman bishopric was destroyed by the Mongol invasion. Because the Golden Horde domination did not extend west of Olt in the first years after 1242, Bela IV tried to regain positions by summoning the Hospitaller Knights in 1247. Terra Severin remained a part of the Hungarian kingdom, but the function of Ban was abandoned or suspended. One mission of the Hospitallers was to extend the Hungarian domination in Cumania, in the regions which were then conquered by the Mongols. The Mongol domination prevented the emergence of a Cuman kingdom in Moldavia, vassal of Hungary. Only the decline of the Golden Horde made possible a new penetration of the Hungarian kingdom in the former Cumania, in 1345. The former Cumania entered in the new states created during the 14th century by the Romanians liberated from the Hungarian domination, Wallachia and Moldavia.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2022, 12; 699-723
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Reliability of Constantine Porphyrogenitus’ Account of the “Flight” of Prince Časlav from Bulgaria
Autorzy:
Leszka, Mirosław J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682405.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Časlav
Simeon the Great
tsar Peter
Constantine Porphyrogenitus
Bulgaria in the 10th century
Byzantium in the 10th century
Opis:
The present text aims to reflect on the reliability of Constantine Porphyrogenitus’ account about the departure of Časlav, a Serbian prince, from Bulgaria at the beginning of the reign of Peter I, the successor of Symeon. The passage devoted to this event is located in the De administrando imperio (32, p. 159, 161) by the learned emperor. Constantine Porphyrogenitus’ relation about the “flight” of Časlav to Serbia should be treated as manipulated and approached with considerable caution.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2017, 7; 129-138
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Saint Methodius: Life and Canonization
Autorzy:
Láleva, Tania Dimitrova
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
St. Methodius
St. Cyril
cult of saints
canonization, Bulgaria
Opis:
The article discussed the time and place of the canonization of Methodius and the difference in the treatment he received in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Bulgarian Church. The study highlights the overall distinct treatment of the two brothers while tracing the changes in the attitude to Methodius as opposed to that to Cyril in the first texts written in the Slavonic alphabet, in Bulgaria. Two canons and anonymous stichera from the service on the feast day of Methodius indicate that his disciples played a significant role for establishing the cult of Methodius. In the earlier years, there was a difference – the cult of Methodius was in the process of establishment, while Cyril had already been recognized as a saint whose cult was supported by an established tradition and whose figure had been used to support the holiness of his elder brother, later born to eternal life. The study also determines the time of the beginning of the cult of Methodius in Bulgaria at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century, after the treatise On the Letters and after the translation of the Nebesa (“Heaven”) by John the Exarch in Old Bulgarian, most likely at the time of Constantine of Preslav and Clement of Ochrid.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2019, 9; 27-37
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Emperor Basil II and the Awarding of Byzantine Honorific Titles to Bulgarians in the Course of the Conquest of Bulgaria (976–1018)
Autorzy:
Kanev, Nikolay
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Bulgaria
Byzantium
Emperor Basil II Boulgaroktonos
Byzantine honorific titles
Byzantine rank hierarchy
Opis:
This article examines the question about the policy of honouring members of the Bulgarian imperial family and Bulgarian aristocracy with Byzantine honorific titles pursued by Emperor Basil II Boulgaroktonos (976–1025) in the course of the conquest of Bulgaria. It outlines the scale of this policy of Basil II – its goals and the reasons for adopting it. A review of the place and the importance of the particular titles in the rank hierarchy of Byzantium is presented. The comparison with other regions and cases of conferring Byzantine honorific titles clearly shows how crucially important the conquest of Bulgaria was: it is evident from the concessions the Emperor was ready to make to the Bulgarian ruling elite.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2019, 9; 455-473
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two Byzantine Seals from the Excavation of the Medieval Fortress “Malkoto kale” (Yambol Region, Bulgaria)
Autorzy:
Kanev, Nikolay
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234114.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
sigillography
history of the Byzantine Empire
Voden
Yambol
Bulgaria
Byzantine lead seals
Michael Tzitas
protokouropalates
doux
metropolitan of Athens
Nicetas
Opis:
The present article aims to put into scholarly circulation two new unpublished Byzantine lead seals from the medieval fortress in the area of the village of Voden (municipality of Bolyarovo, Yambol region, Bulgaria). They were handed to the Regional Historical Museum in the town of Yambol as a result of the regular archaeological excavations of the site near the village of Voden, conducted in the period 2012–2019. The first seal dates from the last quarter of the 11th century and has a bust of the Holy Virgin with a halo and a round medallion with the image of the Infant Jesus Christ who blesses with both hands. From the legend on the reverse, it is clear that the bulla belonged to a Byzantine dignitary named Michael Tzitas, who advertises himself with the title of (proto)kouropalates and the position of doux. The second seal dates from the end of the 11th – the beginning of the 12th century and has an interesting and relatively rare iconographic plot depicting three military saints on the obverse, and an invocation to them on the reverse. The seal belongs to a clergyman – a metropolitan bishop of Athens, named Nicetas (Νικήτας).
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2022, 12; 507-522
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Church Architecture in Southwestern Bulgaria in the Late 9th – Early 11th Century (Based on Archaeological Data)
Autorzy:
Georgieva, Miroslava
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31331023.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
church architecture
Southwestern Bulgaria
First Bulgarian Tsardom
cult places
basilicas
single-nave churches
cross-domed churches
three-conchal churches
Opis:
This publication is devoted to the church architecture in Southwestern Bulgaria (now Blagoevgrad region) during the First Bulgarian Tsardom, in the period from the end of the 9th to the beginning of the 11th century. From the second half of the 9th century (specifically from 864) the territories of the region under consideration officially entered the borders of the medieval Bulgarian state, which coincided with the conversion to Christianity in Bulgaria (865). The studied region covers the valleys of the rivers of Struma (Middle Struma) and Mesta (Upper and Middle Mesta), which were part of the southwestern borders of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages. At present, three churches can be attributed to this period, all excavated through regular archaeological excavations. These are the Basilica of St. Nicholas in the town of Melnik, the single-nave church in the area of Shipotsko at the town of Bansko and the three-conchal church at the village of Kulata, Petrich municipality. In terms of their functional characteristics, these churches include an episcopal (or parish) church (“St. Nicholas” in Melnik), a cemetery church (the church in the area of Shipotsko near the town of Bansko) and a monastery church (the church at the village of Kulata). Characteristic for the first two is their construction on older cult sites – on an ancient sanctuary and an early Christian church (the church “St. Nicholas” in Melnik) and on an early Christian temple (the church in the area of Shipotsko, at the town of Bansko). The small number of excavated church buildings from the First Bulgarian Tsardom is also typical for the rest of the Bulgarian lands. Although the examples from the region are few, they show that almost all major architectural types are found here.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2023, 13; 347-379
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Between Rebellion and Statesmanship: Attempting a Biography of Ivanko, 1196/1200 (?)
Autorzy:
Dall’Aglio, Francesco
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Byzantine history
medieval Bulgaria
ethnicity
royal power in the Middle Ages
subversion and separatism
Opis:
The paper analyses the actions of Ivanko, a Bulgarian nobleman, possibly a member of the ruling family of the Asenides, who in 1196 killed the ruling tsar, Asen, and escaped to Constantinople once his plan to take control of the country failed. Owing to the benevolence of Alexios III Angelos, he joined the Byzantine military and very quickly rose through its ranks until he became the military commander of the region of Philippopolis. In 1198 or 1999 he defected and created an independent dominion on the slopes of the Stara Planina massif, precariously balanced between Bulgaria and the empire, exploiting to his own advantage the constant state of warfare between the two polities. His adventure was short-lived: in 1200 he was captured through deception by the Byzantines, taken prisoner, and presumably executed. While his political career was very short, his importance for the history of medieval Bulgaria is not to be underestimated. It is a testimony of the fluidity of the political situation at the Bulgaro-Byzantine border, whose instability often allowed ambitious and cunning local commanders to carve up autonomous dominions, and of the difficulties experienced by the central power in keeping control of the peripheral areas of the state. It is also proof of the constantly shifting ethnic and cultural allegiances of the citizens of those polities, entangled between different and often conflicting identities, usually regarded as irreconcilable but that were actually the object of a continuous negotiation and adjusting. Ivanko is an interesting case study in regard to all of those factors, especially when considered within the larger phenomenon of provincial separatism in the imperial (and Bulgarian) lands between the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century.
Źródło:
Studia Ceranea; 2021, 11; 91-106
2084-140X
2449-8378
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ceranea
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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