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Wyszukujesz frazę "Poverty" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Estimation of Income Inequality and the Poverty Rate in Poland, by Region and Family Type
    Autorzy:
    Jędrzejczak, Alina
    Kubacki, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466014.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    income inequality
    poverty
    variance estimation
    small area statistics
    Opis:
    High income inequality can be a source of serious socio-economic problems, such as increasing poverty, social stratification and polarization. Periods of pronounced economic growth or recession may impact different groups of earners differently. Growth may not be shared equally and economic crises may further widen gaps between the wealthiest and poorest sectors. Poverty affects all ages but children are disproportionately affected by it. The reliable inequality and poverty analysis of both total population of households and subpopulations by various family types can be a helpful piece of information for economists and social policy makers. The main objective of the paper was to present some income inequality and poverty estimates with the application to the Polish data coming from the Household Budget Survey. Besides direct estimation methods, the model based approach was taken into regard. Standard errors of estimates were also considered in the paper.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2014, 15, 3; 359-378
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quality of Life and Poverty in Ukraine –Preliminary Assessment Based on the Subjective Well-Being Indicators
    Autorzy:
    Osaulenko, Oleksandr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465711.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    poverty, level of well-being
    household
    subjective well-being
    deprivation
    Opis:
    The paper provides an overview of the information sources, methodology and main findings of the research of quality of life and poverty using indicators of subjective well-being applied by state statistics agencies in Ukraine. The paper describes the system of indicators for self-evaluation of the attained level of well-being, the level of satisfaction from meeting the basic living needs, and the limitations in consumption abilities of selected population groups due to hard conditions. In addition, methodological approaches in national statistics practice are discussed for the case of analysis of economic deprivation and for infrastructure development as indicator of geographic accessibility of services and non-geographic barriers causing the deprivation of access. Also, this paper reviews the factors that underlie the deprivations and define the percentage of population that is particularly affected by multiple deprivation in Ukraine. It covers the data on dynamics and analyses the distribution of deprivation by different population group, for several years. Finally, it describes further steps on the way to enhance the information capacity of subjective wellbeing studies, particularly as regards implementation of the contemporary approaches in international perspective, including Europe.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2016, 17, 2; 237-248
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Percentile-Adjusted Estimation of Poverty Indicators for Domains Under Outlier Contamination
    Autorzy:
    Veijanen, Ari
    Lehtonen, Risto
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466042.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    small area estimation
    poverty indicator
    income data
    bias correction
    auxiliary information
    mixed model
    prediction
    Opis:
    Traditional estimation of poverty and inequality indicators, such as the Gini coefficient, for regions does not currently use auxiliary information or models fitted to income survey data. A predictor-type estimator constructed from ordinary mixed model predictions is not necessarily useful, as the predictions have too small spread for estimation of income statistics. Ordinary bias corrections are aimed at correcting the expectation of predictions, but poverty indicators would not be affected at all by a correction involving multiplication of predictions. We need a method improving the shape of the distribution of predictions, as poverty indicators describe differences of income between people. We therefore introduce a transformation bringing the percentiles of transformed predictions closer to the percentiles of sample values. The experiments show that the transformation results in smaller MSE of a predictor. If unit-level data from population are not available, the marginal domain frequencies of qualitative auxiliary variables can be successfully incorporated into a new calibration-based predictor-type estimator. The results are based on design-based simulation experiments where we use a population generated from an EU-wide income survey. The study is a part of the AMELI project funded by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme for research and technological development (FP7).
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2011, 12, 2; 345-356
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bootstrap Method with Calibration for Standard Error Estimators of Income Poverty Measures
    Autorzy:
    Zięba-Pietrzak, Agnieszka
    Kordos, Jan
    Wieczorkowski, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465812.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    Auxiliary information
    Bootstrap
    Calibration
    Complex sample surveys
    EU-SILC
    Poverty indicators
    Weighting
    Opis:
    The authors begin with calibration approach in sample surveys, focussing on the Eurostat approach. Next, the indicators of poverty and social exclusion are discussed as an essential tool for monitoring progress in the reduction of these problems. Most of these indicators are calculated according to the Eurostat recommendations, using data from European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Complex sample design of the EU-SILC requires weighted analyses for estimates of population parameters and approximate methods of standard error estimation. In our study McCarthy and Snowden (1985) bootstrap method for standard errors estimation of income poverty measures is presented. In the next step the reweighting of bootstrap weights is applied and results of such calibration are discussed.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2011, 12, 1; 81-96
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Comparison of Small Area Estimation Methods for Poverty Mapping
    Autorzy:
    Guadarrama, María
    Molina, Isabel
    Rao, J. N. K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465671.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    area level model
    non-linear parameters
    empirical best estimator
    hierarchical Bayes
    poverty mapping
    unit level models
    Opis:
    We review main small area estimation methods for the estimation of general nonlinear parameters focusing on FGT family of poverty indicators introduced by Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (1984). In particular, we consider direct estimation, the Fay-Herriot area level model (Fay and Herriot, 1979), the method of Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (2003) used by the World Bank, the empirical Best/Bayes (EB) method of Molina and Rao (2010) and its extension, the Census EB, and finally the hierarchical Bayes proposal of Molina, Nandram and Rao (2014). We put ourselves in the point of view of a practitioner and discuss, as objectively as possible, the benefits and drawbacks of each method, illustrating some of them through simulation studies.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2016, 17, 1; 41-66
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spatial Prediction in Small Area Estimation
    Autorzy:
    Vogt, Martin
    Lahiri, Partha
    Münnich, Ralf
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18105151.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-06-13
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    Fay-Herriot
    CAR
    poverty estimation
    spatial models
    Opis:
    Small area estimation methods have become a widely used tool to provide accurate estimates for regional indicators such as poverty measures. Recent research has provided evidence that spatial modelling still can improve the precision of regional and local estimates. In this paper, we provide an intrinsic spatial autocorrelation model and prove the propriety of the posterior under a flat p rior. F urther, we show using the SAIPE poverty data that the gain in efficiency using a spatial model can be essentially important in the presence of a lack of strong auxiliary variables.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 3; 77-94
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Robustness of The Confidence Interval for At-Risk-Of-Poverty-Rate
    Autorzy:
    Zieliński, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465701.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    ARPR
    binomial distribution
    confidence interval
    robustness
    Opis:
    Zieliński (2009) constructed a nonparametric interval for At-Risk-of-Poverty-Rate. It appeared that the confidence level of the interval depends on the underlying distribution of the income. For some distributions (e.g. lognormal, gamma, Pareto) the confidence level may be smaller than the nominal one. The question is, what is the largest deviance from the nominal level? In the paper, a more general problem is considered, i.e. the problem of robustness of the confidence level of the confidence interval for binomial probability. The worst distribution is derived as well as the smallest true confidence level is calculated. Some asymptotic remarks (sample size tends to infinity) are also given.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2011, 12, 1; 115-126
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    International Cooperation Through Official Statistics on Food Security, The Environment, Climate Change and Poverty
    Autorzy:
    Vogel, Frederic A.
    Belkindas, Misha V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465922.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Opis:
    The ongoing debate about the causes and effects of food price volatility, especially on the number of people living in poverty, is occurring at the same time there is increased concern about the effect of agriculture on the environment and global warming. Practices to increase food production have consequences on the environment and global warming. From a statistical point of view, these are issues that transcend national boundaries. International cooperation will be essential to resolve these issues; it is dependent on official statistics. This paper will describe statistical tools that could be used to describe the intertwined relationships between food price volatility, food security, poverty, the environment, and global warming. These statistical tools and outcomes need to be developed to provide results comparable across countries. The lessons learned from the well-known International Comparison Program will be applied to suggestions how to develop official statistics about the above issues to shape policy decisions across national boundaries.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2011, 12, 3; 445-452
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changing Mortality Distribution in Developed Countries from 1970 to 2010: Looking at Averages and Beyond Them
    Autorzy:
    Szulc, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466034.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    mean length of life
    mortality distribution
    poverty and inequality indices
    Opis:
    The methods typically developed in income inequality and poverty research are employed to observe changes in life spans distribution in 35 developed countries. The analyses are performed at two levels, using the same methods when possible: i/ taking the countries as the units with a mean length of life being a single parameter representing the distribution, ii/ utilizing the country life tables (taking people as the units) in order to compare other than mean length of life attributes of mortality distribution. Increasing divergence in the mean length of life across the countries is due to growing distance of the countries below the median, mainly the post-communist ones, to the upper half. The comparisons of the within-country distributions of ages at death by means of the Kullback-Leibler divergence provides similar results. However, poverty and inequality indices calculated at this level yield opposite conclusions. Hence, most of the between-country variation might be attributed to the variation in the mean length of life while the changes in within-country inequality reduced this effect. At the same time, huge alterations in the within-country mortality rankings can be observed. Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Austria and Luxembourg may be said to be the “winners” while most of the post-communist countries are among the “losers”.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2016, 17, 3; 467-496
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Household expenditure in Africa: evidence of mean reversion
    Autorzy:
    Olalude, Gbenga A.
    Yaya, OlaOluwa S.
    Olayinka, Hammed A.
    Jimoh, Toheeb A.
    Adebiyi, Aliu A.
    Adesina, Oluwaseun A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19233453.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-06-13
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    household expenditure
    poverty level
    mean reversion
    Africa
    Opis:
    This paper investigates the mean reversion in household consumption expenditure in 38 African countries; the expenditure series used were the percentage of nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP), each spanning 1990 to 2018. Due to a small sample size of time series of household expenditure, with possible structural breaks, we used the Fourier unit root test approach, which enabled us to model both smooth and instantaneous breaks in the expenditure series. The results showed non-mean reversion in the consumption expenditure pattern of Egypt, Madagascar and Tunisia, while mean reversion was detected in the remaining 35 countries. Thus, the majority of African countries are on the verge of recession once shocks that affect the growth of GDP are triggered. Findings in this paper are of relevance to policymakers on poverty alleviation programmes in those selected countries.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 3; 171-186
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative analysis of poverty in families with a disabled child and families with non-disabled children in Poland in the years 2014 and 2016
    Autorzy:
    Komorowska, Olga
    Kozłowski, Arkadiusz
    Słaby, Teresa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193072.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-08-30
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    Household Budget Survey
    Opis:
    The presence of a child with disabilities in a family presents more challenging conditions than the presence of a non-disabled child. One of the difficulties is of financial nature. One of the parents often has to give up their job to care for the child, which shrinks the household income. At the same time, the family has higher expenses resulting from, e.g. costs of treatment. All this increases the risk of falling into poverty. The goal of this paper is to analyse the financial situation of households with a disabled child, mainly in the context of poverty, and compare it to the financial situation of households with non-disabled children. The study is based on data from Polish Household Budget Survey, covering two years, 2014 and 2016. The study revealed that families with a disabled child are generally poorer than families with non-disabled children. The financial situation improved over the studied period in both types of families, but the improvement in the families with a disabled child was much greater. The main factor in reducing the risk of poverty in both types of families is the education attainment level of the reference person (the household head), which should be at least upper secondary.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2019, 20, 3; 97-117
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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