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    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
    Tytuł:
    Polacy w Atelier Fernand Léger (1948-1950)
    Poles at the Fernand Léger Atelier (1948-1950)
    Autorzy:
    Zychowicz, Karolina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1901919.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Fernand Léger
    Atelier Fernand Léger
    Pablo Picasso
    Oskar Hansen
    Lech Kunka
    Kazimierz Ostrowski
    Tadeusz Romanowski
    komunizm
    kultura francuska
    Paryż
    stypendium rządu francuskiego
    Nadia Léger
    sztuka abstrakcyjna
    nowy realizm
    realizm socjalistyczny
    realizacje ścienne
    sztuka zaangażowana
    sztuka nowoczesna
    Francuska Partia Komunistyczna
    communism
    French culture
    Paris
    French Government scholarships
    abstract art
    new realism
    socialist realism
    murals
    engaged art
    modern art
    French Communist Party
    Opis:
    In Polish literature devoted to art history one can easily find information concerning scholarships of Oskar Hansen, Lech Kunka, Kazimierz Ostrowski and Tadeusz Romanowski at Fernand Léger Atelier in Paris. The subject is not strongly present in Polish art history therefore it is worth reconstruction. It shows that the French culture was still very important for Poles. What is more, the painters were in Paris at the very important moment in the French history, when existentialism and spectacular activity of the French Communist Party were developing. Abstraction and surrealism were very popular in visual arts. But Polish students were influenced by artists associated with communism. The students received scholarships funded by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs which worried about strong influence of American culture in Europe at this time. That was the reason why so many students from Eastern Europe got this kind of scholarship. On the other hand it was the last moment to get it. The relations between two countries were getting worse and worse. The Polish students could study at the Academy of Fine Arts for free. Nevertheless, they chose the Fernand Léger Atelier. It is possible to reconstruct the nature of studies at the Fernand Léger Atelier thanks to memoirs of his students. I refer here to texts written by the Pole, Oskar Hansen, the Frenchman, Pierre Faniest and the American, Bruce Gregory. The master attended the atelier only once a week therefore the school was managed by his assistants strongly influenced by communist ideology. The atelier was located at a large building in Montmarte and was full of still lifes à la Léger. Most of students imitated the works of the master and only strong individuals kept their style. Correction of the works was quite bizarre. Léger used to say just one sentence and the best not one could get was „C'est costaud” („It's strong”). The master gave also lectures at the Atelier, showed his works and avant-garde films. Every year Léger organised the competition and exhibition of students’ works at the gallery outside Atelier. The scholarship at the Fernand Léger Atelier was particularly important for Lech Kunka and to a lesser extent for Kazimierz Ostrowski. Kunka was interested in the master’s works created during his stay in the United States (paintings where colour was separated from the line). He mixed also features of Léger style (thick black contour with pure colours) with fascination with Pablo Picasso or works from the Museum of the Human Being. Kazimierz Ostrowski was mainly inspired by the work Les Constructeurs. He mixed influences of Fernand Léger with Klee or Matisse's works. Probably also mural paintings created by both artists after return to Poland were under influence of Fernand Léger. The end of the French scholarship was astonishing. Kazimierz Ostrowski's exhibition in Sopot in 1950 was closed after few hours. Oskar Hansen didn’t take part in Polish artistic life. The cultural policy changed diametrically. The socrealism came and in the next few years nobody could take advantage of foreign scholarships.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2012, 60, 4; 253-285
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recepcja twórczości Francisa Bacona w sztuce polskiej lat sześćdziesiątych i siedemdziesiątych XX wieku. Rozpoznanie wstępne
    Reception of Francis Bacon’s Paintings in the Polish Art. Introductory Reconnaissance
    Autorzy:
    Zychowicz, Karolina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121221.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    polska sztuka po 1945 roku
    malarstwo polskie
    rzeźba polska
    figuracja
    „nowa figuracja”
    nouvelle figuration
    realizm
    pop-art
    sztuka zaangażowana
    deformacja
    groteska
    egzystencjalizm
    angoisse
    Angst
    recepcja
    intertekstualność
    Polish art after 1945
    Polish painting
    Polish sculpture
    figuration
    New Figuration
    Realism
    Pop-art
    Engaged Art
    deformation
    grotesque
    existentialism
    reception
    intertextuality
    Opis:
    In the mid Sixties New Figuration appeared in Poland. Researchers interested in this chapter of polish art consider the reception of Francis Bacon's paintings as one of the sources of this kind of art. The subject of this article is mainly the painters, whose works show this reception, but also the sculptors. It concentrates on the Sixties and Seventies in Polish painting. At that time in the Polish art we can see a group of artists connected with existentialism. One of the most interesting phenomena is the painting of Teresa Pągowska (1926-2007), this artist, whom was older than others who were also working in the area of New Figuration, already had concrete artistic experience. In spite of similarities between many works of Francis Bacon and Teresa Pągowska, mainly in the composition and shot of the figure (deformed, not complete, dismembered), the works of Pągowska should be considered in their own right particular to her own style. Pągowska processed Bacon's art in an original way. Her distinction from other painters belonging to New Figuration comes from her experience, on the one hand Colorism (polish Postimpresionism), on the other hand – Abstraction, which led her to understand figures as a plastic sign, moving, full of color. In the second half of the Sixties we can find the inspiration of Francis Bacon's art in the paintings of Janusz Przybylski (1937-1998). Bacon in his compositions used spatial frame which was interpreted in different ways. It had been seen as a usual glass cage, confined the human being. The artist admitted that he uses this endeavour to expose a man in a better way. This solution became a kind of an artistic hook and it was taken by other artists. It spread so much that it became a kind of a manner. To avoid narration Bacon sometimes used a form of triptych. This was typically used by him and was imitated almost as often as placing people in a spatial frame. Both hooks were used by Przybylski, whose art in a different way fits in as a style of existentialism. The deformed human beings in the cages should show alienation and the drama of man. This aspect of polish artists' paintings more than others highlights connections with the English master's art. The polish painter of the Sixties and Seventies was not an artist who could be described as self-sufficient from what we can see by viewing their paintings and reading art critics. The reception of Bacon's painting we can also find in the art of a group from Cracow called “Wprost”, especially in the one of their member's art – Zbylut Grzywacz (1939-2004). Grzywacz confirmed that his interest in Bacon's art can be seen in his paintings created in the Seventies. The nature of these adaptations lay mainly in getting compositional solutions typical to Bacon and the original look of the deformed human being. However, the artist also underlined that used by him endeavours of body's deformation were connected with politics so they had a different context than in the work of Bacon. This highlights the large gap between English artists who's art concentrated on universal cases and the public art of the polish artist. Grzywacz painted with speed, carelessly, he just wanted to give us a short message, he didn't care about particular artistic problems. He wasn't a member of this group interested in Francis Bacon. Next to him we should remember Jacek Waltoś (born 1938). In his paintings we won't find such a direct connection with Bacon's art like as is the case with Grzywacz. Waltoś was fascinated by Bacon but he took from him just the ideas concerning problems of a painting's composition. This artist, contrary to other members of “Wprost” was mostly interested in the representation of emotional states, of what is inside the human being. Waltoś, a creator of existential art, feeling incomplete, the loneliness of human being, found in the Irish artist a kind of brother. There was also Wiesław Szamborski (born 1941) who was among the painters inspired by Bacon. In the first years after he finished his studies he exhibited often with Marek Sapetto (born 1939; until 1974). The art of both artists joins with Bacon's art color standardisation of painted surfaces and putting on them strongly deformed human beings. More painters were regarded as inspired by Bacon but there is not a description of their art in this article which is just an introductory reconnaissance of this problem. The image of a human being which was proposed by Francis Bacon turned out to be very interesting also for sculptors centred on existential reflection. The dramatically deformed face occurred to be the best medium to express people's anxieties, their feelings of emptiness and loneliness (Jacek Waltoś, Jan Kucz – born 1936, Wiktor Gajda – 1938, Adam Myjak – born 1947). The Eighties did not have such rich artistic material as can confirm a permanent fascination of Bacon's painting in Poland. It seems that in a world dominated by New Expressionism there is no place for it. Enough to say that the most interesting artist in dialogue with the English painter seems to be Grzegorz Bednarski (born 1954), consequently belonging to Figuration, connected with Cracow's environment. After his debut he moved to the area of existentialism. Nowadays Bacon's work is regarded as a classic. Artists quote his paintings in a conscious way (for example Marek Przybył, born 1961). Bacon happened to be a very popular artist in Poland in the Sixties and Seventies which corresponds with general trends in European art. At this time came after return to show a human being. It appeared New Figuration, antidote on the Abstraction, Conceptual Art and metavisual experiments of the Sixties. Bacon became the father to these new phenomena in art because he brought about a renewed artistic imagination and created a new image of the human being. Moreover, Bacon was regarded as a main representative of art identified with existential philosophy. This painting in a very good way expressed spirits of the time. It reflected Zeitgeist, that climate which was then best shown in the philosophy of existentialism. Bacon's reception in Poland had also local color. English artist's art was assimilated by polish painters, who were interested in politics, what was unfamiliar with Bacon who concentrated on universal problems. It seems that polish artists like thematic art, taking problems concerning a human being and his immediate environment, what constitutes the heritage of our history.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2009, 56-57, 4; 55-79
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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