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Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
Tytuł:
Badania nad otrzymywaniem kompozytowego biopaliwa energetycznego z udziałem pofermentacyjnej biomasy ściekowej
Research on receiving composite energetic biofuel based on biomass from sewage sludge fermentation process
Autorzy:
Hehlmann, J
Szeja, W.
Jodkowski, M.
Benducki, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
biopaliwo
biomasa ściekowa
proces biokonwersji
biofuel
biomass waste water
bioconversion process
Opis:
Przeprowadzone badania biokonwersji resztkowej biomasy ściekowej pozwoliły na otrzymanie energetycznego biopaliwa oraz wytypowanie racjonalnych warunków prowadzenia złożonego procesu i opracowanie zalecanego składu surogatu paliwowego. W skład surogatu wchodzą pofermentacyjne osady ściekowe (70% mas.), muł węglowy, lignoceluloza, trociny, biofaza glicerolowa i mieszanina bioalkoholi. Temperatura złoża uzyskana podczas biokonwersji (około 40°C) intensyfikuje odparowanie wody, dzięki czemu wilgotność mieszanki po procesie wynosi średnio 38%. Maksymalna temperatura złoża poddawanego biokonwersji (43°C) nie eliminuje organizmów chorobotwórczych, w związku z czym przeprowadzono badania procesu higienizacji surogatów paliwowych z użyciem energii mikrofal. Na podstawie badań mikro-biologicznych dobrano moc mikrofal (300 W) oraz czas trwania ekspozycji wynoszący 3 minuty, co przekłada się na wzrost temperatury wewnątrz kształtek surogatu do 93°C i zapewnia ich higienizację. Dodatkowo uzyskano spadek wilgotności mieszanek do 28% bezpośrednio po zastosowaniu mikrofal i do 26% po 24-godzinnej relaksacji. Otrzymany surogat paliwowy w postaci sferycznych kształtek o średnicy 20 mm posiada dobre własności mechaniczne pozwalające na jego bezpieczne konfekcjonowanie i transport. Ciepło spalania kompozytowego biopaliwa wynoszące około 18,5 MJ/kg (przewyższające ciepło spalania drewna) wskazuje, że może ono być z powodzeniem stosowane w energetyce jako biokomponent.
Poland in recent years has been building and modernizing sewage treatment plants. The effect of this is quickly growing sewage sludge production which has to be utilised. Conversion of residual sewage biomass after fermentation process to fuel component which meets requirements of power industry makes possible its utilization and allows to meet requirements statements of European Union of the 20% share of renewable sources in electricity production. The paper discusses the method of composite biofuel production from residual sewage biomass (70%), coal mud, sawdust, lingocellulose, glycerol biophase and bioalcohols mixture. During research of bioconversion process obtained the bed temperature was about 40°C, which intensified water vaporization. The water content in fuel mixtures after bioconversion process was 38% on the average. The temperature of bed about 43°C (maximum) obtained during bioconversion process didn't eliminate pathogenic microorganisms therefore research on microwave hygienization was carried out. On the basis of microbiological research it was estimated that the value of microwave power about 300 W and 3 minutes of exposition time to microwave assures temperature increase to 93°C inside fuel surrogates and it's hygienization. Fuel with spherical shape of 20 mm diameter and good mechanical property sufficient for packing and transport was obtained during research on bioconversion process. Moreover the heat of combustion about 18,5 MJ/kg (higher then heat of combustion of wood) makes possible its application as bio compound in power industry.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2011, Tom 13; 921-934
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany udziału frakcji ChZT podczas oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych z dużym udziałem ścieków mleczarskich
Changes of COD fractions share during municipal wastewater treatment with big dairy wastewater participation
Autorzy:
Struk-Sokołowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819467.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
ścieki mleczarskie
ścieki komunalne
frakcja ChZT
dairy wastewater
municipal waste water
COD fraction
Opis:
Północno-wschodnia Polska jest regionem z największym pogłowiem krów mlecznych. Problem powstających tam ścieków mleczarskich i ich oczyszczania nadal nie jest do końca rozwiązany. Dlatego celowym wydało się podjęcie badań nad intensyfikacją procesu oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych z dużym udziałem ścieków mleczarskich. W tym celu określono zmiany frakcji ChZT w ściekach surowych oraz po kolejnych etapach mechaniczno-biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych z dużym udziałem ścieków z przemysłu mleczarskiego.
Development of our civilization has caused that urban centres have been deprived of natural retention system especially referring to rainwater. Present sewage systems, in most cases is not able to carry away a great intensity of sewage flow. Therefore, different technical interventions are undertaken in order to catch and keep this surplus of flow temporarily. Sewage transfer to receivers problem is solved in different way in each country. There are well-known solutions of either stationary or moving sewage pumping stations. However, most often outflow of excessive rainwater is performed gravitationally through outflow collectors linking storm overflows with water receiver. The outlet of these outflow collectors is usually equipped with shut-off check valve in order to protect terrains against flooding. However, practically these valves are not always used, whereas they are installed, are usu-ally deprived of proper care and preservation. Thus, their technical state make impossible for these valves to work. A research on practical ways of transfer sewage from the protected drain-age area to the receiver during the periods of high fillings has not brought a uni-versal and unfailing solution, which could have a wide application in practice. So the problem of working out a solution of hydraulic way of carrying away the rainwater to the receiver assure their natural, gravitational outflow during the periods of either low states and medium fillings in the receiver or during the period of high fillings their strained transfer. This kind of solution of transfer of rainwater to the water receiver are transfer reservoirs. A common solving feature of these reservoirs is that they are located on the side of drained terrain. This solution guarantees possible damage repairs even when in the receiver - river high states of filling appears. Transfer reservoirs can be applied in the following cases: (a) in separate sewage system on the outlets of the main collectors of the rainfall system, (b) in combined sewage system on the outlets of a storm canal, (c) in combined sewage system on the outlets of storm canals with simultaneous pumping of domestic and industrial wastewater to a wastewater treatment plant, (d) in case of collectors carrying away treated sewage from the wastewater treatment plant. In the paper transfer reservoir GEMINUS is presented. Transfer of sew-age, using this kind of reservoir, is done through applying system of air-compressors and proper combination of pressure systems.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2011, Tom 13; 2015-2032
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelowanie matematyczne przelewu burzowego z cylindrycznym regulatorem wirowym odpływu
Mathematical Modeling of Storm Overflow with a Cylindrical Vortex Regulator
Autorzy:
Kaźmierczak, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
modelowanie matematyczne
cylindryczny regulator
municipal waste water
discharge coefficient
hydraulic parameters
drainage systems
side weirs
mathematical modeling
Opis:
A simulation of the functioning of a modern overfall with a cylindrical vortex regulator on a combined sewage system was conducted in this work. In a cylindrical vortex regulator, liquid flows into the device through a connector tangent to the cylinder generator. From this, the liquid receives a vortex motion, which is maintained throughout the entire chamber width all the way to an outlet hole on the cylinder head. In the motion, peripheral speed is increased when approaching the cylinder axis. Because of the centrifugal force in the vortex chamber, the pressure decreases towards its axis until it reaches an ambient pressure on the air core surface. The air core being generated has a crucial influence on the throttling efficiency of the device. The atomized liquid in the outflow creates a cone with the angle of flare γ. For the modelling of storm overflow activity a combined drainage area of F = 60 ha was suggested. The overfall was loaded with sewage and wastewater. A typical, triangular hydrograph of the wastewater inflow to the storm overflow was applied here. The given hydraulic model of storm overflow activity includes a series of characteristic, occurring in sequence phases of filling and emptying of the overfall chamber. The phases were distinguished with the description of boundary conditions in reference to the precisely determined range of variables during the fillings and flows. On the basis of the formulated hydraulic and mathematical models of the storm overflow activity, a computer programme for the numerical simulation of the functioning of the aforementioned overflows was developed. The simulation of a storm overflow functioning on a combined sewage system proved a high level of sewage-treatment plant protection from a hydraulic overload by the application of modern, unconventional storm overflows. Irrespective of the assigned load, sewage outflow stream towards the sewage-treatment plant is stabilized on a demanded level. Current methods of designing storm overflows do not take into account the frequency of storm discharges to the receiver, as well as they do not offer the possibility of their duration and volume determination and thus they do not allow for the assessment of pollution load that is drained off in discharges towards receivers. The simulations of storm overflows functioning allow for determination of these parameters for already designed overflow and for any assigned load. Therefore they constitute a valuable instrument supporting the process of designing this type of objects, as it has been proved in this work.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2158-2174
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie kompostu jako taniego sorbentu do usuwania barwników z roztworów wodnych
Application of Compost as a Cheap Sorbent for Dyes Removal from Aqueous Solutions
Autorzy:
Jóźwiak, T.
Filipkowska, U.
Rodziewicz, J.
Mielcarek, A.
Owczarkowska, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819113.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
tani sorbent
usuwanie barwników
roztwór wodny
reactive dyes
textile dyes
waste water
basic dyes
acid dyes
fly-ash
adsorption
sorption
chitosan
equilibrium
Opis:
This study was aimed at determining the feasibility of using compost as an unconventional sorbent for dyes removal from aqueous solutions. Compost applied in the study was a product of sewage sludge composting with plant residues (birch wood chips and rapeseed straw). Experiments were conducted for two anionic reactive dyes: Reactive Yellow 84 [RY84] (1701 g/mol – λmax = 357.5 nm) and Reactive Black 5 [RB5] (991 g/mol – λmax = 600.0 nm), and for two cationic dyes: Basic Green 4 [BG4] (365 g/mol – λmax = 618.0 nm) and Basic Violet 10 [BV10] (479 g/mol – λmax = 547.5 nm). The scope of the study included: determination of the optimal pH value of dyes adsorption onto compost, determination of equilibrium time of dyes sorption onto compost, determination of the maximum sorption capacity of the analyzed dyes on compost. During each experiment, sorbent concentration in the solution was at 5 g d.m./dm3. The concentration of dye remaining in the solution was determined with the spectrophotometric method on a UV-VIS SP 2000 spectrophotometer. Analyses were conducted at a room temperature – T = 22°C. The pH value of solutions was adjusted with aqueous solutions of HCl and NaOH. Sorption of the anionic reactive dyes RY84 and RB5 was the most effective at pH = 3. The optimal pH value of cationic dyes sorption was established at pH = 5. At a high pH value (pH = 9), the sorption of each type of dye was impaired due to partial solubilization of the compost sorbent. The equilibrium time of dyes sorption on compost accounted for 180 min in the case of RY84, RB5 and BG4, and for 240 min in the case of BV10 – 240 min. Analyses of the maximum sorption capacity of the selected dyes on compost were carried out already after establishing the optimal pH value of the sorption process for each dye. Results obtained were described with the use of two sorption models: a heterogenous Langmuir 2 model (double Langmuir equation), and a heterogenousFreundlich model. The Langmuir 2 model showed the best fit to experimental data (R2> 0.99). Due to the presence of functional groups -COOH and -OH, compost is negatively charged in aqueous solutions owing to which it prefers compounds with a positive charge (cationic dyes) during sorption. Electrostatic repulsion significantly impairs the adsorption of anionic dyes. The maximum sorption capacity of compost in the case of RY84 and RB5 reached 2.15 mg/g d.m. and 4.79 mg/g d.m., whereas in the case of BG4 and BV10 – 26.41 mg/g d.m. and 27.20 mg/g d.m., respectively. Results of the maximum sorption capacity of dyes on compost were referred to results obtained with other unconventional and cheap sorbents.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2398-2411
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Waste Heat Recovery by Electric Heat Pump from Exhausted Ventilating Air for Domestic Hot Water in Multi-Family Residential Buildings
Odzysk ciepła odpadowego za pomocą elektrycznej pompy ciepła z wywiewanego powietrza wentylacyjnego do systemu ciepłej wody użytkowej w wielorodzinnych budynkach mieszkalnych
Autorzy:
Cepiński, Wojciech
Kowalski, Piotr
Szałański, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
air-to-water electric heat pump
waste heat recovery
heat recovery in ventilation
domestic hot water
TRNSYS
sprężarkowa pompa ciepła powietrze/woda
odzysk ciepła odpadowego
odzysk ciepła z wentylacji
woda ciepła użytkowa
Opis:
The article discusses the possibility of recovering waste heat from the exhaust air from the ventilation system of multi-family residential buildings. A system of waste heat recovery from the extracted air with an electric heat pump was proposed for the preparation of domestic hot water (DHW). The proposed system has been analysed in TRNSYS 17 software for exemplary multi-family residential building. The influence of exhaust air humidity and heat pump outlet temperature on the energy effect was analysed. For the analysed case and the Polish conditions of electricity production, a possible reduction of the final energy amount for DHW preparation (EKW) by 35.1% and primary energy consumption (EPW) by 9.1% was determined in comparison with the use of a gas condensing boiler only. The factors influencing the energy effect of the system for the recovery of waste heat from the exhaust air were indicated. The authors specified directions of further research aimed at determining how to recover available waste heat from the exhaust air with lower energy expenditure and for which installations in the building they should be used.
W artykule podjęto temat możliwości odzyskania ciepła odpadowego z powietrza wywiewanego z systemu wentylacyjnego budynków wielorodzinnych mieszkalnych. Zaproponowano system odzysku ciepła odpadowego z powietrza wywiewanego elektryczną pompą ciepła dla potrzeb przygotowania ciepłej wody. Zaproponowany system przeanalizowano w oprogramowaniu TRNSYS 17 dla przykładowego budynku wielorodzinnego. Przedstawiono wpływ wilgotności względnej powietrza wywiewanego i temperatury zasilania pompy ciepłej na efekt energetyczny. Dla analizowanego przypadku i polskich warunków produkcji energii elektrycznej, wyznaczono możliwe zmniejszenie zapotrzebowania energii końcowej na przygotowanie ciepłej wody użytkowej (EKW) o 35,1% i energii pierwotnej (EPW) o 9,1% w porównaniu z zastosowaniem tylko gazowego kotła kondensacyjnego. Wskazano czynniki wpływające na efekt energetyczny systemu do odzysku ciepła odpadowego z powietrza wywiewanego. Autorzy podali kierunki dalszych badań zmierzających do określenia jak odzyskać dostępne ciepło odpadowe z wywiewu przy mniejszym nakładzie energetycznym i do jakich instalacji w budynku je wykorzystać.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2020, Tom 22, cz. 2; 940-958
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interdyscyplinarny charakter chemii sanitarnej
Interdisciplinary Character of Sanitary Chemistry
Autorzy:
Szymański, K.
Włodarczyk-Makuła, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818165.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
chemia sanitarna
techniki analityczne
układy sprzężone
walidacja procedur badawczych
monitoring środowiska
mikrozanieczyszczenia
emerging contaminants
woda
ścieki
osady ściekowe
odpady
sanitary chemistry
analytical techniques
coupled systems
validation of research procedure
environmental monitoring
micropollutants
water
wastewater
sewage sludge
waste
Opis:
Sanitary chemistry is a component of environmental chemistry, based on the issues of general, organic and instrumental chemistry. The level of chemistry development is important for the development of other scientific disciplines such as: environmental engineering or planning, design and protection of the environment. These disciplines are mentioned in the areas of technical, natural and agricultural sciences. As part of the sanitary chemistry research in two directions: the study of water and wastewater quality are conducted. The studies include an assessment of water quality of surface- and groundwater, which are the source of water supply for: population, industry and agriculture, water treatment processes and water monitoring. The wastewater research are concerning the wastewater introduced into the sewage system, wastewater treatment plants and to the receivers. The development of sanitary chemistry involves the development of analytical techniques and procedures in order to determine a greater number of pollutants in water and wastewater and enhancing the accuracy of compounds which has been already designated. Therefore, in framework of sanitary chemistry development following actions are performed: improvement of research procedures including the validation, design and construction of new measuring and control devices, automation of test equipment, including the coupled systems, determination of trace-level components: micro-pollutants, metabolic products, intermediate products, water and wastewater treatment, determination of "emerging contaminants", development of solvent-free techniques, minimization of cost, energy and the waste materials emission, the extension the scope of speciation analysis and their applications, development of biological methods in chemical analysis, introduction the continuous analysis into monitoring, improvement of the quality of chemical analysis results, statistical processing of chemical analysis, which allows on forecasting changes in water quality. Trends in the sanitary chemistry development in the world indicate a continuous improvement of analytical techniques and measurement and control appliances, the elaboration of new analytical procedures and develop existing ones.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2015, Tom 17, cz. 1; 540-559
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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