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    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
    Tytuł:
    Optyczna metoda diagnostyki gazu syntezowego z biomasy
    Optical Method for Biomass Syngas Monitoring
    Autorzy:
    Komada, P.
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Zhirnova, O.
    Askarova, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818001.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    spektroskopia
    gaz syntezowy
    diagnostyka
    spectroscopy
    synthesis gas
    diagnostics
    Opis:
    One of the methods of increasing the overall biomass share in the electricity and heat production is its gasification and subsequent co-combustion of the obtained syngas in conventional power boilers. The process of biomass gasification is relatively well controlled and understood. It does not change the fact that the syngas composition depends on many process factors, as well as the composition of the charge batch. Unfortunately, it means that the obtained product is not homogeneous in time. Consequently, the use of such fuel for electricity production may present a number of problems from the control point of view. Therefore, both during the syngas production and the co-firing process, it is advisable to use information on the composition of produced syngas, or at least its main components. It is possible to use optical methods, which are an interesting alternative to classical methods, even despite unfavorable measurement conditions. The article presents selected optical method for the synthesis gas monitoring. The results of simulation studies are presented, confirming the possibility of determining the concentration of interesting components in the syngas mixture.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 271-283
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metoda analizy widm mierzonych z wykorzystaniem spektrometrów OP-FTIR w monitorowaniu powietrza atmosferycznego oraz gazów w procesach przemysłowych
    Open Path FT-IR Spectra Analysis Method for Monitoring of Environment and Processes with Varying Conditions
    Autorzy:
    Cięszczyk, S.
    Komada, P.
    Akhmetova, A.
    Mussabekova, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817978.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    otwarta ścieżka
    FTIR
    analiza widm
    wpływ temperatury
    open path
    spectrum analysis
    temperature influence
    Opis:
    Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) can be used for monitoring of atmospheric environment. The open path technique is based on the measurement of the absorption along the atmosphere path between radiation source and spectrometer. Measurement paths used in this method have a considerable length – from tens of meters to several kilometers. The main advantage of OP-FTIR spectrometry is the possibility of continuously and simultaneously measuring concentrations of multiple compounds. Unfortunately, quantitative analysis of the spectra of such measurements is a difficult issue due to the changing atmospheric conditions and overlapping of the absorption spectra of various components. Numerous algorithms used for the interpretation of the measured spectra have been proposed. They can be classified into methods using classical chemometric calibration and iterative algorithms. Classical Least Square CLS and Partial Least Square PLS are the most commonly used methods of OP-FTIR spectrometry. Iterative methods are based on comparing measured data with synthetic spectra, that is computational models of investigated optical path transmission. For this purpose, databases such as HITRAN are used. Transmission model must take into account not only the spectral characteristics of gases, but also the measuring instrument influence on the measured spectrum. As an example of modeling the spectra of NH3 and HCl gas are used. Modeling of gas spectra with different resolution is shown. Classical methods of building a chemometric calibration model require appropriate reference samples. This is usually associated with considerable cost and time-consuming calibration process. In addition, correct calibration requires maintaining the same conditions during the calibration, as in practical measurements. This is possible only in the case of laboratory measurements. In particular, it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature and pressure of examined substances. It is connected with changes in width and intensity of gas rotational lines. In classical spectroscopy, changing environmental conditions require new calibration measurements. In the open path spectroscopy, changes in conditions occur naturally along with the changes in the examined environment (object, process). If the measurement conditions in the environment differ from those in calibration measurements, significant errors in determining the content of the ingredients may appear. Greater changes in conditions may occur in a variety of chemical or physical processes. Sometimes it is not possible to perform measurements in conditions similar to those occurring in a particular industrial facility. In such cases, synthetic spectra may be used in two ways: in an iterative process to compare with measured spectra or to form a chemometric calibration models. In the latter case, the problem of changing conditions can be solved in several ways. The simplest method is to build separate calibration models for all conditions that can occur during the measurement. However, in order to use this method, it is necessary to measure the existing conditions and choose an appropriate local model. Another method is to correct the measured spectra and to adapt them to the standard conditions. The third option is to build global models. The spectra of all the conditions that may occur during the measurement are then used for building a calibration model. Then, the effect of temperature on the determination of gas content for local calibration models is investigated. Finally, a global calibration model insensitive to temperature changes in 10-40°C range is built.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 218-234
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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