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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 20
Tytuł:
Legal solutions of lake monitoring systems in Poland in compliance with the Water Framework Directive
Autorzy:
Zębek, Elżbieta Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Water Framework Directive
legal solutions
monitoring system
lake ecological status
Opis:
The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC is considered a very modern strategy of water management in the EU. The purpose is to establish a framework for the protection of inland surface waters by preventing further deterioration and protecting the condition of aquatic ecosystems, as well as increasing the protection and improvement of the condition of the aquatic environment by limiting emissions and losses of priority substances. It was considered that changes in the water law in Poland during the process of implementing the guidelines of the Water Framework Directive may have contributed to widening and strengthening the monitoring system of lakes and changes in their quality, especially their ecological state. This article aims to determine the changes in legal regulations in the field of water quality/ecologically state of lakes in Poland as a result of the implementation of the WFD. The EC reports indicate that some requirements are too rigorous and complicated for Member States to implement. Water monitoring was significantly expanded and modernised which lead to improvement of lake water quality in Poland. The five-grade ecological status of lake waters and standardised biological indicators were introduced. It was highlighted that the improvement of the WFD implementation process allowed for more effective water management and the development of effective strategies for the protection of lakes in Poland and other EU countries.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 49, 2; 173-201
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European Union model of whistleblowing
Autorzy:
Kobroń-Gąsiorowska, Łucja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010002.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-10
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
whistleblowing
reporting
directive
model of whistleblowing
loyalty
Opis:
In October 2019, the European Union adopted the Directive on protecting persons reporting breaches of European Union law, commonly known as the „Whistleblower Protection Directive” (EU Directive). The protection of national policies is beyond the scope of the Directive, as its sole purpose is to encourage people to report "breaches of EU law", ie, to strengthen „enforcement of the Union law and policies in specific areas”. The Directive is not concerned with the protection of workers or employees. The Directive treats whistleblowers as an instrument for reporting irregularities. Another proof of the instrumental approach adopted in the Directive is the lack of any financial incentives for whistleblowers. This article's basic thesis is that despite dynamic and multifaceted changes in the economy of individual countries, the accepted model of whistleblowing in the European Union will depend on repeated multidimensional analysis of the principle of the lawyer's loyalty to the organization. The research presented below aims to prove the validity of the adopted thesis.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 48, 1; 191-207
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Access to a Lawyer in Proceedings for Minor Offences Under Polish and European Union Law
Autorzy:
Bień-Węgłowska, Iwona Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
access to a lawyer
right of defence
directive 2013/48/eu
ex-officio defence counsel
directive 2016/1919/eu.
Opis:
The Article deals with the opportunity for a suspected person and the passive party in the proceedings for offences to exercise the right of access to a lawyer and the right of legal counsel. The aim of the article is to provide a comparative legal analysis of the provisions of the Code of Procedure in Minor Offences against the background of the EU guarantees under Directives 2013/48/EU and 2016/1919/EU. Directive 2013/48/EU deals with one of the two aspects of the aforementioned right: namely the right of access to a lawyer for suspects and accused persons in criminal proceedings, while the right to legal aid and to state-guaranteed legal assistance in certain circumstances is regulated by Directive 2016/1919/EU.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 41, 2; 175-196
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The National Air Pollution Control Programme in Poland – Selected Legal Issues
Autorzy:
Radecka, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
air
air protection
nec directive
Opis:
The article focuses on Poland’s obligations arising from Article 6 of the Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC[1]. The objective of the article is to present legal solutions adopted in the National Air Pollution Control Programme (further referred to as the NAPCP) in Poland. This is preceded by an analysis of this document in the context of other legal instruments for environmental protection, and an evaluation of its effectiveness.
Niniejszy artykuł skupia się na wskazaniu zobowiązań Polski wynikających z art. 6 dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2016/2284 z dnia 14 grudnia 2016 r. w sprawie redukcji krajowych emisji niektórych rodzajów zanieczyszczeń atmosferycznych, zmiany dyrektywy 2003/35/WE oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 2001/81/WE[1]. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie rozwiązań prawnych przyjętych w krajowym programie ograniczania zanieczyszczeń powietrza (dalej: KPOZP) w Polsce, z wcześniejszym umiejscowieniem tego dokumentu na tle innych prawnych instrumentów ochrony powietrza, oraz ocena jego skuteczności.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 40, 1; 7-23
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Access to a Lawyer for Suspects at the Police Station and During Detention Proceedings
Autorzy:
Markiewicz, Tymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
directive
right to a lawyer
arrest
detention
Opis:
Directive 2013/48/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 on the right of access to a lawyer lays down minimum standards concerning access to a lawyer for suspects and the accused in criminal proceedings, as well as persons subject to the European arrest warrant proceedings. The present article focus on the subject of access to a lawyer at the earliest stage of criminal proceedings – in connection with arrest as well as during proceedings concerning the use of pre-trial detention. Author analyzes in sequence: subjective scope of the right to a lawyer, the right to a lawyer for the person deprived of liberty, confidentiality of communications between the person deprived of liberty and their lawyer. The main statement is that Poland does not meet that standard.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 41, 2; 129-151
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Right to Effective Legal Remedy in Criminal Proceedings in the EU. Implementation and Need for Standards
Autorzy:
Wiliński, Paweł
Kiejnich-Kruk, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40454350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
directive 2013/48
directive 2016/343
effective remedies
standardisation
implementation
Opis:
In order to secure rights and guarantees provided by the legal system of the European Union, legal acts in the field of the criminal cooperation refer to the right to an effective remedy. Given that, two instruments are particularly important as they were the first to aim to set the standard and frame for the effective remedy conceptual framework: the Directive 2013/48/EU and the Directive (EU) 2016/343. The Authors analyse the legislation process within that context, the approach of Member States, (non)existing standards and related consequences, such as the possibilities of proper implementation of the right to the effective remedy into the national legal systems, verification of that process as well as the chances to achieve the harmonisation of minimal standards of the protection of fundamental rights in the area of criminal proceedings in the EU.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, 54, 3; 147-167
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Evolution of Cybersecurity Regulation in the European Union Law and Its Implementation in Poland
Autorzy:
Szpor, Grażyna Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1597404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-21
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
cybersecurity, cyberspace, legislation, NIS Directive, ENISA
Opis:
The 2013 European Union Cybersecurity Strategy, the 2016 Directive, and the 2019 Regulation mark the next steps in strengthening the protection of cybersecurity by European Union bodies, linked to changes in member states’ laws. The rapid increase in threats, referred to as the “cyberpandemic”, requires prompt adaptation of legal instruments to new needs, but at the same time complicates ensuring consistency of multi-level regulation. The analysis of changes in the legal status in Poland shows that this concerns terminology, subject matter scope and the structure of cyber security systems. In order to reduce difficulties, it is worth considering introducing immediate amendments to those provisions in force which were negatively assessed during works on drafting new acts. Such a conclusion is prompted by the evolution of the definition of cybersecurity, which, according to the 2019 Regulation as well as the draft amendments to the Polish Act on National Cyber Security System and the draft of the new Directive, is to be understood as activities necessary to protect networks and information systems, users of such systems and other persons against cyber threats such as any potential circumstance, event or action that may cause damage, disruption or otherwise adversely affect networks and information systems. Another example is the maintenance of the distinction between key service operators and digital service providers in the 2019 EU Regulation and the 2021 draft amendment to the Polish law, although the 2020 NIS 2 directive draft recognizes that it has become irrelevant and replaces it with a distinction between essential and relevant entities. Also, other changes currently proposed are justified by the blurring of the boundaries between virtual and real space.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2021, 46, 3; 219-235
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EU Directive on Work-Life Balance for Parents and Carers in the Context of Human Resources Problems in the Polish Public Administration
Autorzy:
Łukaszuk, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43538227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
work-life balance
public administration
human resources
EU directive
Opis:
This article attempts to present and assess the adequacy of the solutions in the directive on work-life balance for parents and carers in the context of the problems and challenges faced by the Polish public administration in human resource management. The directive’s solutions are analyzed from the perspective of post-pandemic reality, demography, changes in the structure of society and equality, and growing numbers and activation of women in the labor market. An example of applying the WLB policy in the Polish civil service was also presented.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2024, 56, 1; 83-118
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Protection of The Wolf in The International and European Union Legal Systems
Autorzy:
Sobieraj, Kamila
Zacharczuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1195134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
EU law
protection of the wolf
Habitats Directive
Bern Convention
Opis:
This publication attempts to present comprehensively the principal legal acts that oblige the EU and all its Member States to secure favourable conservation status of the wolf population, as well as international legal acts regarding that issue . It also emphasizes the obligation to protect the ecological continuity between the places these carnivores inhabit . It should be pointed out that the existing publica-tions on the EU and international wolf protection regulations are limited to the two undoubtedly most important acts: the Bern Convention and the Habitats Directive .
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2016, 24, 1; 89-100
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Directive 2013/48/EU and the Requested Person’s Right to Appoint a Lawyer in the Issuing Member State in European Arrest Warrant Proceedings
Autorzy:
Glerum, Vincent
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915740.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Opis:
Directive 2013/48/EU gives persons who are subject to European arrest warrant proceedings the right to “dual representation”: not only the right of access to a lawyer in the executing Member State but also the right to appoint a lawyer in the issuing Member State, whose limited role it is to provide information and advice to the lawyer in the executing Member State with a view to the effective exercise of the requested person’s rights under Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA. The right to appoint a lawyer in the issuing Member State is supposed to contribute to facilitating judicial cooperation. This article takes a closer look at that right and tries to establish whether – and, if so, to what extent – that right does indeed facilitate judicial cooperation. 
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 41, 2; 7-33
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Directive 2016/97 On Insurance Distribution (IDD) And Private International Law
Autorzy:
Fras, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/784165.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
IDD, the loss of chance to become insured, information obligations, law applicable, third party of insurance
Opis:
Clear normative grounds for the information obligation are visible in the Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 January 2016 on insurance distribution (hereinafter: IDD). One of the challenges before insurance law is to answer the question whether and how one should sanction violations of disclosure obligations resulting in the absence of the desired insurance protection. In this aspect important legal problem is law applicable to the assessment of liability for violation of disclosure obligations by the insurer. The second important problem is law applicable to the assessment of liability for violation of disclosure obligations by third parties vis-a-vis the insurer. Some remarks concerning jurisdiction in matters relating to the loss of chance to become insured, have different practical implications.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2019, 38, 3; 113-143
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Right to Silence in the EU Directive 2016/343 on the Strengthening of Certain Aspects of the Presumption of Innocence from the Perspective of Polish Criminal Proceedings
Autorzy:
Sakowicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915726.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Opis:
The right to remain silent is one of the most fundamental principles of domestic and international criminal law. It’s is also closely related to the presumption of innocence. As the responsibility is placed on the prosecution to prove the guilt of a person it follows that the accused should not be forced to assist the prosecution by being forced to speak. The right to remain silent expresses the individual’s right not to be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt. Its core component is the freedom to choose whether or not  to give answers to individual questions or to provide explanations. To use against the suspected silence under police questioning and his refusal to testify during trial amounted to subverting the presumption of innocence and the onus of proof resulting from that presumption: it is for the prosecution to prove the accused’s guilt without any assistance from the latter being required. This article has to objectives. Firstly, to interpret the right to remain silent in the light to of the Directive 2016/343 on the strengthening of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and of the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceeding. Secondly, the  Directive 2016/343 can be used as reference to evaluate a degree to which Polish legal solutions conform to the Directive in question, giving rise to several postulates  in  that  matter. The analysis will also include shortages and problems resulting from imperfect Polish criminal process in that field.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 41, 2; 55-80
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS AS A FACET OF SUBSTANTIVE UNFAIRNESS OF CONSUMER CONTRACT TERMS IN THE PRACTICE OF POLISH COURTS
Autorzy:
Sitnik, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915933.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
substantive unfairness
Directive 93/13
unfair terms
consumer contracts
Polish case law
Polish courts
Opis:
It is trite law and a common cliché reiterated in the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union that the economic situation of a consumer subjected to a purportedly unfair consumer contract clause is generally impertinent. This general tenet of the European regulation of unfair terms in consumer contractsis borne out particularly by Article 4(2) of Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts, under which assessment of the unfair nature of a term shall not encompass an inquiry into the adequacy of the price and remuneration, on the one hand, as against the services or goodssupplies in exchange, on the other, in so far as these terms are in plain intelligible language. Despite this seemingly bold orientation towards the formal side of the unfairness assessment, efforts have been made to inject into the judicial exercise of discretion a degree of consideration of the economic standing and interests of both the consumer and the trader involved in the particular dispute at hand. This has been done primarily by reference to the “significant imbalance” requirement pursuant to Article 3(1) of the Directive. The paper reviews an extensive crosssection of judgments handed down in Polish courts based upon the Polish transposition of the Unfair Terms Directive to show that the courts have on numerous occasions ventured outside the boundaries delineated by traditional legal analysis (even beyond the flexible bounds of purposive interpretation) to scrutinize the size and gravity of the economic burden the term under scrutiny is liable to impose upon the consumer relative to its economic strength on the market.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2018, 34, 3; 59-83
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Access to a Lawyer for a Suspect at Early Stage of Criminal Proceedings and Its Participation in Investigative Acts
Autorzy:
Dzierżanowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
access to a defence counsel
participation of a defence counsel in evidentiary activities
European Union directive
preparatory proceedings
Opis:
This elaboration is dedicated to analysis of access to a lawyer for a suspect at early stage of criminal proceedings in Polish criminal law in the light of directive 2013/48/EU. In particular, it emphasises the suspects right of access to  a lawyer during identity parade, confrontation and reconstruction of the scene of a crime. It considers whether the applicable legal provisions of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure ensure, above all, appropriate scope of the right of the defence for the suspected person in view of the indicated evidentiary activities and whether this scope corresponds to the standards designated by the European Union directive 2013/48/EU.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 41, 2; 109-127
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Dual Legal Representation” of a Requested Person in European Arrest Warrant Proceedings – Remarks from the Polish Perspective
Autorzy:
Wąsek-Wiaderek, Małgorzata Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915743.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
europejski nakaz aresztowania
prawo do obrony
dyrektywa 2013/48
european arrest warrant
right to defence
“dual representation”
directive 2013/48
Opis:
This paper focuses on the question whether Polish law offers an adequate legal framework for dual representation, as required by Article 10 of the EU Directive 2013/48 and Article 5 of the EU Directive 2016/1919. It explores both perspectives: dual representation in proceedings concerning execution of EAW conducted by Polish authorities as well as the right to appoint a lawyer in Poland by the requested person in a case where the EAW is issued by the Polish authorities. The scope of the ensuing analysis is confined to EAWs issued for prosecution of the requested person. Although both above mentioned provisions of EU Directives have not been transposed into Polish national law, their direct application may ensure full exercise of the requested person’s right to dual representation. Thanks to the fact that, in Poland, the requested person is treated as a quasi-defendant in criminal proceedings, the Code of Criminal Procedure offers a legal framework allowing for appointment of the defence lawyer in Poland as the issuing state.
W artykule podjęto próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy prawo polskie oferuje możliwość tzw. "podwójnej reprezentacji", jak tego wymaga art. 10 dyrektywy unijnej 2013/48 oraz art. 5 dyrektywy unijnej 2016/1919. Analiza obejmuje obie perspektywy, to znaczy zbadano zarówno możliwość realizowania prawa do "podwójnej reprezentacji" w postępowaniu w sprawie wykonania Europejskiego Nakazu Aresztowania prowadzonym w Polsce, jak i prawo do wyznaczenia obrońcy w Polsce jako kraju wydania tego nakazu. Rozważania dotyczą jedynie Europejskich Nakazów Aresztowania wydanych w celu ścigania. Chociaż oba wymienione przepisy dyrektyw nie zostały wdrożone do prawa krajowego, ich bezpośrednie stosowanie może zapewnić pełne korzystanie przez osobę ściganą z prawa do "podwójnej reprezentacji". Dzięki temu, że prawo polskie traktuje osobę ściganą jak oskarżonego w postępowaniu karnym, Kodeks postępowania karnego oferuje podstawy prawne do ustanowienia/wyznaczenia osobie ściganej obrońcy w Polsce jako kraju wydania Europejskiego Nakazu Aresztowania.   
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 41, 2; 35-54
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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