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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    The Background of the Disputes over the South China Sea Islands
    Autorzy:
    Kościelniak, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031848.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Southeast Asia
    South China Sea
    security
    conflict
    Opis:
    In the light of the official statements made by the capitals of its coastal states, there is probably not a single centimetre of free space left in this sea, to which a claim has not been issued. In some parts of the sea, the claims of three, four of even five states overlap, creating a truly Gordian knot. The significance of the South China Sea causes that if the dispute over the archipelagos is not settled by implementing peaceful methods and means, at the negotiation table, East Asia region is likely to become a potential source of destabilisation and conflict whose size, in respect to the location and the number of parties directly or indirectly engaged in the dispute might turn out to be extremely hazardous.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2014, 5; 11-19
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Current International Situation in the South China Sea the Path to Confrontation?
    Autorzy:
    Kościelniak, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032282.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Southeast Asia
    South China Sea
    territorial disputes
    natural resources
    international law
    Opis:
    In recent years, the South China Sea area has become the arena of competition between the countries of Southeast Asia that set up claims to maritime areas and the islands, and, all the more, want to control and exploit what can be found under the seabed, namely the deposits of oil and gas. The situation in the area cannot even be resolved by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay, 1982). Apart from the resources found in the sea and under the seabed, this body of water is an important shipping route, which makes it a strategically significant area for each of the countries located there, or those whose interests involve the South China Sea. In this work, I describe the current situation in the waters of South China Sea: whether the countries bordering it strive for conflict or just secure their interests. It turns out each of the states will set up demands to the islands on this sea and especially to everything that lives in the sea and is to be found under the seabed. Minor, and also more significant incidents will happen, but it does not seem likely that any serious open conflict between the states of the region will break out in the close future. None of the countries pursues it and they do everything they can to maintain the status quo.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2013, 4; 138-149
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    China in the South China Sea. Can China’s presence in the South China Sea lead to war?
    Autorzy:
    Kościelniak, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963335.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    the South China Sea
    China
    competition
    navy
    naval forces
    Opis:
    China has been expanding its presence on the South China Sea, which causes tensions in the region. However, when different aspects of the situation are analysed, an open armed conflict seems hardly possible. Looking at China’s activity in this body of water, it appears the Chinese state strives to safeguard its interests, primarily the economic ones, nonetheless it should be emphasized that it pursues its superpower ambitions at the same time.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2018, 9; 15-29
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Some Comments on Vietnam’s Security in the 21st Century
    Autorzy:
    Kościelniak, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963353.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Vietnam
    international security
    21st century
    South China Sea
    Opis:
    The main objective set by many countries is ensuring security. The means to accomplish this goal are the armed forces, obliged to guarantee safe functioning of the state and its citizens. There are states, for which maintaining a powerful, modern army has enormous significance for their superpower status, for their preparedness to a potential conflict or as a deterrent for the neighbouring states. Therefore, in the following text I will deal with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, because of its history, and especially due to the region where it is situated - one of the hottest places on Earth, full of misunderstandings, disputes and conflicts causing that the states situated there, including Vietnam, are modernising their armies.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2019, 10; 71-78
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The artificial islands of Vietnam in the South China Sea
    Autorzy:
    Kościelniak, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20434452.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Vietnam
    artificial islands
    South China Sea
    Spratly Islands
    Opis:
    The militarisation of the South China Sea has specific implications for the regional security situation. The construction of artificial islands and platforms by the states of the region leads, on the one hand, to the assertion of their possessions and the enhancement of their security and, on the other hand, contributes to rising tensions in the region. The construction of such facilities by Vietnam goes unchallenged, there is no criticism and even some support – not so with China. Most countries see Vietnam as the country most able to stand up to its large neighbour. Vietnam otherwise operates more slowly and on a smaller scale, so it is commonly seen as defensive as it builds on islands that have belonged to Hanoi for decades and are close to the mainland coast.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2023, 25; 47-62
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Socialist Republic of Vietnam in Polish political and economic perspective
    Autorzy:
    Kościelniak, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041610.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Opis:
    The history of bilateral relations between Poland and Vietnam reaches the year 1950 when countries of the Eastern Bloc, including Poland, acknowledged independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Since then, we have observed more or less intensive mutual contacts. We have cooperated in many fields. And today, watching moves of Polish and Vietnamese politicians and signed agreements, we can see that this cooperation is getting colors and like years ago, it covers various fields. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam in Polish political and economic perspective does not have a significant status. Despite the fact that with every year, the interest of the Polish as well as Vietnamese side is getting bigger. However the biggest problem is the adverse balance of trade between both countries. Time will show in which direction the Polish-Vietnamese cooperation will go. However, looking at expressive economic growth of Vietnam during the last few years and what is even more important, at further perspectives of this prosperity, Poland should maintain good relations with this economic partner, enlarging at the same time its export to this country. We can see in Vietnam an opportunity for Polish traders for exporting their products to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2012, 3; 112-126
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Intercontinental Ballistic Missile – ICBM – a Symbol of “Cold War”?
    Autorzy:
    Kościelniak, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031551.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Cold War
    nuclear weapon
    ICBM-Inter Continental Ballistic Missile
    Opis:
    World War II marked the beginning of the forty-five years long period of tense peace, described as the Cold War. Two superpowers that emerged from World War II started to compete for hegemony over the world, representing two diametrically different political and economic systems. In any other historical period, such situation would lead to an inevitable great war, but after 1945 the competition was threatened by the possibility of using nuclear weapon whose capability of destruction was so enormous that neither of parties ventured direct confrontation. World War II contributed to scientific advancement that played a crucial role in the military progress of these states. The development of technologies assisting nuclear weapon resulted in a revolutionary change in military capability provided by the parties of the conflict. Rocket projectiles were the symbol of the 20th century, due to the fact that they carried humans into space, but also because they carried deadly weapon capable of killing hundreds thousands people. This combination of nuclear weapon with medium-range and intercontinental missiles caused that the world had to face permanent threat.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2015, 6; 20-29
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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