Wszystkie pola: underground hydrogen storage - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Potencjał magazynowy wodoru w permskich złożach soli kamiennej w Polsce
Hydrogen storage potential in Permian rock salts in Poland
Autorzy:: Lankof, Leszek
Tarkowski, Radosław
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2192006.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Polskie Stowarzyszenie Górnictwa Solnego
Tematy:: podziemne magazynowanie wodoru
kawerna solna
wysad solny
pokłady soli kamiennej
potencjał magazynowy
underground hydrogen storage
UHS
salt cavern
salt dome
stratiform formation
storage potential
Opis:: W artykule przedstawiono wyniki oceny potencjału podziemnego magazynowania wodoru dla pokładowych i wysadowych permskich złóż soli kamiennej w Polsce. Przeprowadzono ją w oparciu o metodykę uwzględniającą uwarunkowania górniczo-geologiczne oraz specyficzne właściwości wodoru. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na parametry, wpływające na ocenę potencjału magazynowania wodoru w kawernach solnych ulokowanych w permskich pokładowych i wysadowych złożach soli w różnych częściach Polski. Zestawienie wyników oceny potencjału podziemnego magazynowania wodoru w złożach soli kamiennej z wynikami analiz zapotrzebowania na przestrzeń magazynową wskazują, że istniejący potencjał magazynowy wodoru w pokładowych wystąpieniach soli kamiennej i wysadach solnych kilkadziesiąt razy przewyższa zapotrzebowanie, nawet w przypadku założenia systemów energetycznych opartych w przeważającej części na wodorze jako nośniku energii.
The article presents the results of the assessment of the underground hydrogen storage potential for Permian stratiform salt formations and salt domes in Poland. The research was carried out based on the methodology considering mining and geological conditions and specific properties of hydrogen. Particular attention was paid to the parameters that affect the assessment of the hydrogen storage potential in salt caverns in Permian stratiform rock salts and salt domes, depending on their location. Comparing the assessment results with the demand for storage space shows that the existing hydrogen storage potential in salt caverns in Poland is dozens of times higher than the demand, even in the case of energy systems based mainly on hydrogen as an energy carrier.
Źródło:: Przegląd Solny; 2022, 16; 29--42
2300-9349
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Solny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Wodór a podziemne magazynowanie energii w strukturach solnych
Hydrogen and underground energy storage in the salt structures
Autorzy:: Kaliski, M.
Sikora, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2192146.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Polskie Stowarzyszenie Górnictwa Solnego
Tematy:: podziemne magazynowanie energii
wodór
kawerna solna
fossil fuels
hydrogen
underground gas storages
Opis:: The most abundant and common element in the Universe is hydrogen. Hydrogen is a prevailing chemical element throughout the Earth. It is present in molecule form in the atmosphere, in minimum quantities – traces, close to the Earth surface. Dominant component of the high layers of the atmosphere where is rare, diluted. 40% of the current world production comes from the process in which the hydrogen is a by-product of electrolysis, heavy chemistry (synthesis gas) or the refining of crude oil. Hydrogen is the cleanest source–carrier of energy. Major hydrogen markets are ammonia fertilizer production and conversion of heavy oil and coal into liquid fuels. There are few production methods but primary we can focus on stea • CH₄ + H₂O -> CO +3 H₂ • CO + H₂O-> CO₂ +H₂ Fossil fuels are burnt to provide the heat to drive the chemical process (let’s consider the role of the nuclear energy as well). Energy required to make hydrogen is dependent upon the feedstock. Natural gas – reduction of hydrogen in chemical way (the lowest energy input to make hydrogen); coal – hydrogen deficit; water (H₂O – oxidized hydrogen) There are many underground gas storages systems among the European Union countries. Especially salt caverns dedicated for hydrocarbon’s storage are widely described in the literature (e. g. Kaliski et al., 2010; Kunstman et al., 2009). There is still, unfortunately, no experience with hydrogen storage in Poland. And the EU hydrocarbons salt caverns have only the UK, France (including hydrogen storage), Germany, Denmark, Portugal and Poland (Gillhaus, 2008). Dedicated programme for hydrogen storage was implemented in the EU in 2002 called “Towards a European Hydrogen Energy Roadmap Preface to HyWays – the European Hydrogen Energy Roadmap Integrated Project” (more information can be found on www.HyNet.info). There is a new research programme in the field of transmission and storage of the hydrogen for energy purposes currently held in Germany. The total length of the hydrogen gas in Europe is about 1500 km. But still, there is no experience with hydrogen storage as an energy source for energy sector. The best carrier of energy. A key issue facing researchers is the use of technology of hydrogen for storage of energy and construction of salt caverns which will meet safety requirements regarding tightness and stability. One should consider that: • construction of the caverns is determined by the ability of the use of the brine; • caverns (geological structures) must comply with the integrity and stability; • such energy warehouses should be located close to the potential end user of hydrogen and electricity network (infrastructure is a key). The next several years perspective shows that, the emergence of underground cavern storage of any surplus energy in the form of hydrogen would have the following environmental benefits: a) storage of surplus of such energy and its subsequent recovery in an environmentally cleaner process - without the additional emission’s issues, b) ecological safety of underground storage of energy, similar to the existing underground gas storage facilities, oil and fuel, c) underground storage efficiency and eco-friendly much higher when compared to systems hydroelectric pumped storage, d) better technically and economically feasible - to use periodic overcapacity power plants and the related real decrease in CO2 emissions, e) easier integration in the energy system of large wind and solar energy farms, reducing potential problems with a large share of RES in the energy balance of the country, f) limitation of conventional combustion of fossil fuel, g) hydrogen is the cleanest source of energy, h) enable the development of fuel cell (hydrogen) in the automotive industry, the decrease of emissions, i) to dispose of CO2 by the use of hydrogen and CO2 to eventually methane production in upstream projects. Let’s imagine for a moment a project that combines: • hydrogen production by electrolysis using excess wind power and solar energy to produce it; • optimize the demand for hydrogen in chemical processes also by its storage in salt caverns; • hydrogen storage processes resulting in refinery and petrochemical plants and possibly by electrolysis of surplus energy generated in non-conventional and renewable power. The future of interim storage of surplus energy may lie in underground caverns leached (leached) in salt deposits, which can be stored as compressed air (Compressed Air Energy System) or hydrogen. We are aware and we are positive that the subject is not easy, but we also believe that this fuel of the future - hydrogen – is going to turn of the centuries: XXI and XXII. That is why today we need to outline our descendants. New generations of these lines of energy development that will allow Humanity to become a Galactic Energy Society.
Źródło:: Przegląd Solny; 2013, 9; 26--32
2300-9349
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Solny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Podziemne magazynowanie energii: wodór w kawernach solnych – aspekty ekonomiczne
Effective storage of energy in salt caverns in the form of hydrogen
Autorzy:: Kunstman, A.
Urbańczyk, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2192145.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Polskie Stowarzyszenie Górnictwa Solnego
Tematy:: energia elektryczna
podziemne magazynowanie energii
kawerna solna
odnawialne źródła energii
energy systems
electricity production
renewable energy sources
underground storage
Opis:: In energy systems of developed EU countries, the serious problem is periodic surplus of electricity production, following by deficiencies of electricity. They are particularly important in systems, where renewable energy sources (wind/solar) are significant. These are irregular power sources, depending on season and day time. Power installed in such stations is much less used than power installed in thermal or nuclear power stations. Problem is growing with increase of renewable energy share, in conjunction with the pro-ecological EU policy and continuous support for renewable energy sources. For example, in Germany (in 2011) 20% of produced electricity comes from renewable sources, in 2020 it has to be 35%, and 80% in 2050, because of nuclear plants closing and reducing the CO2 emission. Total power of wind stations there is 29 GW and of solar is 24 GW, despite the unfavorable, as it seems, climate. Germany becomes a world leader in the solar power, and power installed there is similar to total solar plants power in the rest of the world. And plans for 2050 are: 80 GW (wind) and 65 GW (solar). Such a situation in neighboring country, with similar climate, considerably more developed, indicates that similar trends will be present also here. Currently, we are at the beginning - in 2011 total power of wind stations in Poland was 2 GW, and of solar stations – 2 MW. This means the lowest use of both energies among EU, per capita and per 1 km2. In coming years the share of renewable energy sources in Poland must radically increase. Planning in Poland for 2030 is 19% of energy from renewable sources, in comparison with 6% at present (mainly hydro and biomass). Irregularities in electricity production from wind/sun, make this energy still quite expensive. If usage of this energy periodic surpluses would be practically solved, resulting prices would be lower. Problem of electricity storage has not yet been generally solved. There are hydro pumped plants, but they cannot be applied larger, because specific terrain layout is required and the impact on environment is high. Future of surplus electricity storage lies under the ground, in caverns leached in salt deposits, where one can store energy as hydrogen obtained by water electrolysis or as compressed air. This would give much greater density of stored energy than pumped hydro, without the negative environmental impact. In Poland we have appropriate salt deposits, and proven technology of salt caverns building. We already have efficiently working storages in salt caverns: KPMG Mogilno (Cavern Underground Gas Storage - owner PGNiG) and PMRiP Góra (Underground Storage of Oil and Fuels - owner SOLINO/ORLEN). In EU, both such magazines, besides of Poland, are built only in Germany and France. CHEMKOP was the initiator, originator and designer of both Polish underground storages, and specialized computer software for cavern designing, developed in CHEMKOP Sp. z o.o. was purchased (licenses) by 30 leading companies from all over the world. Salt caverns, similar to natural gas storage caverns, after due designing, may be successfully built for hydrogen, and in this form may store the excess energy. Hydrogen will be produced by water electrolysis using excess electricity, stored in salt cavern and afterwards used in different ways: as supplement to natural gas in gas network, as fuel for fuel cells or electro generators or as a raw material in petrochemical industry. The key issue is the salt caverns – they should be located where disposing of brine is possible. Hydrogen storage should be located near potential places of its use. At present, few hydrogen storage salt caverns are existing in UK and USA, but for petrochemical use, not for energy purposes. Special hydrogen pipeline in USA, 300 miles long, connected storage caverns with hydrogen producers and users. The first storage cavern for hydrogen produced from surplus electricity will be built in Etzel (Germany). Pilot peak power stations, working on compressed air from salt caverns are working in Germany (Huntorf) and in USA (McIntosh). Currently most of the research related to hydrogen storage takes place in Germany. It is associated with energy balance of Germany, with large amount of salt deposits and with high level of technologies for underground storage. Matter is urgent, because problem of periodic local energy surpluses in German network is so serious, that Poland and Czech Republic are forced to build special devices on border network connections, to reduce the impact of these irregularities on their own networks. In next few years, as expected, Germany will develop more economical hydrogen electrolysis technology and adequate electrolyzers will be produced. The surface equipment for hydrogen pumping stations will be also available. Poland has periodic surpluses of electricity production even now and very good possibility of salt caverns construction in comparison with others. Most countries do not have appropriate salt deposits, so we can become one of the European champions in storage of hydrogen – the fuel of future. It is necessary, however, to start the research work for such a storage just now. In the authors opinion, the research works should include: • identify the needs for energy storage in Poland, estimate a surplus of energy for storage in hydrogen or compressed air caverns, determine recommendation for hydrogen production by water electrolysis on a wider scale, • define possibility of storage caverns construction for hydrogen in Polish salt deposits, • determine specificity of storage caverns construction for hydrogen: size and shape, working pressures, recommendations for drilling/completion, used materials, • examine geomechanical stability of hydrogen storage caverns in their specific pressure conditions, using special computer model, • examine thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen storage caverns in their specific temperature conditions, using computer model for hydrogen cavern, • compare and evaluate hydrogen storage and compressed air storage technologies for energy surpluses (HYES/ CAES), looking for their usefulness in Polish conditions. Further research work will help to create a sound basis for taking decision to build underground energy storage by specifying: storage policies, applied technology, location of storage caverns and scenarios of their work. Final remarks • Technical and economical problems with proper use of renewable energy sources will be increasing in Poland in nearest future year by year, similarly as currently in Germany. • The problem cannot be solved in other way than storage of energy surplus for use during deficiency periods. • The best solution, at present, is energy storage in salt caverns in the form of hydrogen. • In Poland, we have both appropriate salt deposits and large experience in designing and construction of salt cavern storages. • We are world leaders in computer modeling of development and operation of salt cavern. • Our experience can be extended to the hydrogen storage, provided that relevant research work will start and be performed. • So, there is a chance that Poland will become one of the leading country in storage of hydrogen – a clean fuel of the future.
Źródło:: Przegląd Solny; 2013, 9; 20--25
2300-9349
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Solny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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