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    Tytuł:
    Wartości progowe stanu chemicznego JCWPd a klasyfikacja jakości wód podziemnych
    Threshold values of the chemical status of groundwater bodies and the national quality classification of groundwater
    Autorzy:
    Leśniak, P. M.
    Nowicki, Z.
    Sadurski, A.
    Skrzypczyk, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075280.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    tło naturalne
    wartości progowe
    stan chemiczny wód podziemnych
    klasyfikacja jakości wód podziemnych
    natural baseline
    threshold values
    groundwater chemical status
    groundwater quality classification
    Opis:
    The paper deals with implementing water directives of the European Union and making them consistent with national regulations. It has been indicated how the existing national law (Regulation of the Ministry of Environment, July 23, 2008) attaches the threshold values of good chemical status in EU directives to the national quality classification. Advantages, disadvantages and consequences of leaving them together, as well as a proposal of their disentanglement have been given.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2015, 63, 3; 179--185
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metoda biplot w interpretacji danych złożonych (CDA) w geologii
    The biplot method in Compositional Data Analysis (CDA) in geology
    Autorzy:
    Labus, K.
    Labus, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074772.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    interpretacji danych złożonych
    CDA
    biplot
    skład chemiczny wód podziemnych
    porowatość skały
    Compositional Data Analysis
    rock porosity
    groundwater chemical composition
    Opis:
    Compositional data consist of compositions of parts summing to some whole (e.g.: 100%, 1). Such "closed" data are very popular in geochemistry, sedimentology, hydrogeology and environmetrics. This paper presents the data visualization method by means of the biplot method - a statistical technique widely applied in Compositional Data Analysis. This method enables a graphical display of observations and variables on the same chart, in a way that approximates their correlation. In a biplot the observations are marked with points, and variables - by rays emanating from the origin. Both their lengths and directions are important to the interpretation. The paper presents two examples of implementation of biplots in analysis of hydrogeological and petrological data. The first example concerns petrological data set for pores and skeleton grains of different Polish sandstones. The biplot visualization unveiled a possible independence of subcompositions of transitional pores (T) and macropores (R), as well as submacropores (S) and skeleton grains (Re). The use of this method made it also possible to demonstrate the rule according to which the share of transitive pores decreases at the advantage of real macropores from younger to older rocks, what is related to diagenesis processes. The second example concerns interpretation of hydrological data on chemistry of mine water of the "Rydułtowy" coal mine. In this case the graphical interpretation of biplot revealed large relative variation between HCO3 –-Cl–, HCO3–-I – and HCO3–-Na+. Besides, on the same basis, possible independence between the ion couples: HCO3--Br–, Ca2+-Na+, HCO3–-Cl–, Br-Na+, HCO3–-Cl–and Ca2+-K+ was identified and consequently verified using statistical tests. Additionally, taking into account geometrical features of the relevant biplot, a formula was proposed for defining relationships between shares of ions: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and Cl–<.sup>, SO42–, HCO>sub>3–. These relationships are most apparent for poly-ion groundwater of the active exchange zone, where the ratios of the above mentioned components are similar to each other, despite a slight predominance of SO42– and HCO3– fractions.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2010, 58, 5; 436-442
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany chemizmu wód podziemnych w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim w latach 2006–2015
    Changes in chemical composition of groundwater in the area of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in 2006-2015
    Autorzy:
    Jamorska, I.
    Krawiec, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075617.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    wody podziemne
    sieć monitorująca
    chemizm wód podziemnych
    jakość wód podziemnych
    groundwater
    monitoring network
    chemical composition groundwater
    quality of groundwater
    Opis:
    This article presents results of research whose main aim was to evaluate the quality parameters of water in the area of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in 2006-2015. The data for the analysis comes from 41 PSH observation points and two groundwater intakes. Groundwater occure in Quaternary, Neogene, Palaeogene, Cretaceous and Jurassic sediments. Analysis of physicochemical parameters of water (pH, PEW, HCO3, SO42- ,C-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fe, Mn, NO-3, NO-2, NH+4 ) was presented over time and over space. Analysis were made separately for each aquifer. It has been found that the most important factors influencing of groundwater chemistry are rock types in the aquifer (salt dome, contacts between aquifers) and human impact.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2017, 65, 11/2; 1270--1275
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza współzależności stężenia jonów w wodach podziemnych i ciśnienia piezometrycznego w punktach monitoringowych nr 6, 226 i 581 sieci obserwacyjno-badawczej PIG-PIB w wieloleciu 1991–2014
    Correlation analysis between ion concentrations in groundwater and potentiometric surface fluctuations at observation points: 6, 226 and 581 of the PGI-NRI monitoring network in years 1991–2014
    Autorzy:
    Zielińska-Sitkiewicz, M.
    Kowalczyk, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075244.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    ciśnienie piezometryczne
    parametry chemiczne
    wody podziemne
    korelacja liniowa
    metoda regresji
    potentiometric surface fluctuations
    chemical groundwater parameters
    linear correlation
    regression method
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was to describe how the potentiometric surface fluctuations are able to influence on the concentrations of ions in groundwater. The research based on the data provided by the groundwater monitoring network of the Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute (PGI-NRI) from the Warta catchment in the period of 24 years of record (1991–2014). In the first stage of analysis the measured concentrations of ions: Cl–, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Na+, SO4 2–, K+, HCO3 – were examined in conjunction with the groundwater level fluctuations in 29 monitoring points (in case of confined aquifers “groundwater level” was regarded as the potentiometric surface measured in the hydrogeological borehole). There were found statistically significant correlations between some of the concentrations of analysed ions and the fluctuations of groundwater level. Ions: Mg2+ in the point nr 6 and 226, Cl– and Na+ in the point nr 581 were subjected to further testing because their concentrations showed the strongest linear correlation with the potentiometric surface. In the second stage of study, the classical least-squares regression method was applied to build the linear models for these dependencies. The obtained results show that the fluctuations of potentiometric surface were able to explain from 30 to 56% of the variation of ion concentration.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2015, 63, 10/2; 1155--1160
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Agresywność chemiczna płytkich wód podziemnych Wrocławia
    Chemical aggressiveness of shallow groundwater in Wrocław
    Autorzy:
    Trałka, Marta
    Modelska, Magdalena
    Błachowicz, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076166.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    agresywność chemiczna
    płytkie wody gruntowe
    Wrocław
    chemical aggressiveness
    shallow groundwater
    Opis:
    Evaluation of the chemical aggressiveness of shallow ground - water for the area of Wrocław was performed in accordance with the Polish Standard (PN-EN 206+A1:2016-12). This standard requires determination of pH and concentration of ammonium, magnesium, sulphate and aggressive carbon dioxide in water. The research was carried out on 96 groundwater samples collected in the period March-May 2021 from Holocene, Pleistocene and Neogene deposits. The results show that 58% of shallow groundwater in Wrocław was aggressive towards concrete and steel. The slight (XA1), moderate (XA2) and high (XA3) aggressiveness was characteristic for 32%, 23% and 3% of the analysed waters, respectively. The significant classification factors were the concentrations of aggressive carbon dioxide, sulphate ions and, less significant, pH. The presence of magnesium and ammonium ions in groundwater did not have any classification significance because of low concentrations. The occurrence of aggressive groundwater is associated with the environment of river sediments, mainly of Holocene and Pleistocene age. Groundwater beneath till and clay formations, mainly of Pleistocene age, and of anthropogenic banks and dumps shows significantly lower aggressiveness. Aggressiveness of groundwater sampled from the aquifer covered by Neogene clay deposit is not demonstrated. The aggressiveness of Wrocław groundwater shows a mosaic space character resulting from the geological structure of the city's subsurface formations and is probably also related to the form of land development. The most aggressive ones were associated with green, agricultural and liquidated municipal waste dump areas.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2021, 69, 12; 901--908
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stan chemiczny wód podziemnych aglomeracji łódzkiej
    Chemical status of groundwater of the Łódź agglomeration
    Autorzy:
    Małecki, J. J.
    Porowska, D.
    Styrkowiec, E.
    Ziułkiewicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075644.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    piętro czwartorzędowe
    poziom górnokredowy
    poziom dolnokredowy
    stan chemiczny wód podziemnych
    Quaternary aquifer
    Upper Cretaceous aquifer
    Lower Cretaceous aquifer
    chemical status of groundwater
    Opis:
    The article identifies the hydrogeochemical environments controlling the chemical composition of groundwater in the Lódź agglomeration. The study was conducted with a different position of the groundwater table within: the Quaternary, Upper- and Lower Cretaceous aquifers. These aquifers are continuously exploited from a long time till present. The papers focuses on geogenic factors resulting from geological construction, lithology, circulation in the Lódź basin and anthropogenic factors associated with the change of the circulation system and the potential migration of pollution from the surface. The chemical composition of water from the Quaternary, Upper- and Lower Cretaceous aquifers was stable, without any anthropogenic changes. The hydrochemical inversion of water within the Cretaceous aquifers is the result of the different lithology of these aquifers and the variation in the way and magnitude of groundwater recharge.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2017, 65, 11/2; 1329--1333
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ogólna ocena stanu wód podziemnych na terenie Gdańska i Sopotu : podsumowanie
    Groundwater assessment in the Gdańsk and Sopot aera : a summary
    Autorzy:
    Lidzbarski, M.
    Karwik, A.
    Kordalski, Z.
    Kowalewski, T.
    Pasierowska, B.
    Sokołowski, K.
    Szelewicka, A.
    Tarnawska, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075473.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    wody podziemne
    monitoring wód podziemnych
    skład chemiczny
    jakość wód podziemnych
    odporność na zanieczyszczenia
    groundwater
    groundwater monitoring
    chemical composition
    quality of groundwater
    resistance to pollution
    Opis:
    This paper synthetically describes results of research conducted in Gdańsk in 2009–2014. The chemical composition of groundwater varies between aquifers. Intermoraine, Miocene and Oligocene aquifers conduct freshwater with a mineralisation of below 600 mg/dm³. These waters preserve natural chemical composition and are characterized by first- and second-class quality. The groundwater of the Cretaceous formation are low-mineralised and represent mainly the HCO³-Na type and, to a smaller extent, to the HCO³-Ca type. High concentrations of fluoride ion are also a specific feature of these waters, reaching even 2 mg/dm³ in some places. The groundwater composition of the Pleistocene-Holocene aquifer is often altered due to the impact of anthropogenic factors. The performed study has enabled identification of zones of past groundwater pollution. The work was focused on determining the type, extent, concentration and the rate of transport of contaminants. Two zones of polluted water have been identified with different specific substances. Based on the study, activities aimed at reducing the risks and improving an appropriate water management have been undertaken, particularly with regard to the endangered groundwater intakes.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2016, 64, 6; 427--435
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zróżnicowanie składu chemicznego wód w strefie wahań zwierciadła wody na przykładzie poligonu Kampinos
    Chemical differentiation of water within groundwater table fluctuation area: Kampinos research field case study [Central Poland]
    Autorzy:
    Porowska, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    wahania zwierciadła wody
    filtracja
    wody podziemne
    skład chemiczny wód
    groundwater table fluctuation
    groundwater
    percolation water
    chemical composition of water
    Opis:
    Researches were conducted within expertimental field Kampinos located within the protected zone surrounding Kampinos National Park but is considered to be the example of the anthropogenic impact on the quality of the groundwater. Hydrogeological investigations in these experimental field found the mean groundwater table at depth of 1.43 m. Shallow groundwater table and local high permeability of sediments caused fast infiltration of rainwater into the aquifer. The calculation estimated that the infiltration time are within the range of a few days. The contact time between the water and sediments is short; for this reason high concentrations of soluble ions in analysed groundwater are released probably not only by the weathering of aluminosilicates and carbonates in the sediments, aerobic decay of organic matter but mainly by impact of agricultural and traffic pollutants. Important trends were observed in this shallow groundwater. Analytical data indicates that chemical composition of the water in zone of the groundwater table fluctuation differs from that of the percolation water and groundwater. Only the magnesium concentration in the groundwater is roughly constant, whereas other ions concentrations vary widely. The SO4exp.2-, Clexp.-, NO3exp.-, Naexp.+ contents and HCO3/CO2 in this zone are similar to waters from the aeration zone, and the HCO3exp -, Ca2exp.+, K+, total CO2, aggressive CO2 contents, are similar to waters from the saturation zone. For this reason chemical composition of water in zone of the groundwater table fluctuation will be considrered separately.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2007, 55, 1; 71-78
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chemizm wód zlewni Kamieńczyka w Sudetach na tle badań systemów przepływu wód podziemnych
    Chemical composition of groundwater of Kamieńczyk catchment area in Sudety Mts. in relation to groundwater flow systems
    Autorzy:
    Modelska, M.
    Buczyński, S.
    Staśko, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075248.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    skład chemiczny
    wody podziemne
    strefy przepływowe
    Sudety
    chemical composition
    groundwater
    flow zones
    Sudety Mts.
    Opis:
    The present study has shown that in small, mountainous Kamieńczyk catchment (Sudety Mts.) is possible to identify hydrodynamical conditions and chemical parameters typical for different zones of local groundwater flow systems: spring discharge, discharge variability, relationships between bicarbonate and sulphate ions, pH and silica contents. Furthermore regional flow zone was clearly chemically identified through high groundwater mineralization and strongly metamorphosed hydrogeochemical facies. This proves that studies of groundwater flow zones in mountain catchments can be effectively supported by chemical analysis of groundwater.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2015, 63, 10/2; 950--954
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena stanu chemicznego wód podziemnych we fragmencie zlewni Nysy Kłodzkiej w rejonie Barda
    Assessment of groundwater chemical status in the part of Nysa Kłodzka river catchment area near Bardo (Lower Silesia)
    Autorzy:
    Dendys, M.
    Zdechlik, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075381.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    stan chemiczny
    wody podziemne
    Nysa Kłodzka
    Barda
    chemical status
    groundwater
    Nysa Kłodzka river
    Bardo
    Opis:
    Quality of groundwater is the most important issue in water management, especially in matter of using groundwater for local community consumption. Assessment of quality of the resources of groundwater is based on the results of chemical status monitoring and both are carried out according to EU regulations: the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), the Groundwater Directive (2006/118/EC) and the Directive 2009/90/EC, and also national regulation (Regulations of the Minister of the Environment, 2008 and 2011). This paper presents the quality classification and groundwater chemical status assessment in part of catchment area of the Nysa Kłodzka river near Bardo town. Qualification and assessment was based on results of the field hydrogeological investigations and the chemical analysis of composition of the groundwater samples from monitoring points. In research area the major group are the groundwater rating as IV-class quality (62%). There are 23% of groundwater with II and III-class quality status and in the V-class – 15%. There are no points with groundwater rating as I-class quality. In area configuration groundwater in the part of Nysa Kłodzka river catchment are qualified as IV-class, so the chemical status is rating as poor. Assessment was accomplished by arithmetic average. Poor chemical status is caused by elevated concentration of selenium (Se), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni). Occurring of this elements in groundwater is probably natural, because of geological structure of research area and lithology of aquifer.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2015, 63, 10/1; 678--682
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Skład chemiczny wód podziemnych i powierzchniowych w zlewni Świerszcza (Roztoczański Park Narodowy)
    The chemical composition of groundwater and surface water in the Świerszcz catchment area (Roztocze National Park)
    Autorzy:
    Malata, M.
    Motyka, J.
    Radliński, B.
    Rogala, A.
    Sokołowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075627.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    Roztoczański Park Narodowy
    Świerszcz
    skład chemiczny
    wody podziemne
    wody powierzchniowe
    Roztocze National Park
    chemical composition
    groundwater
    surface water
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was to evaluate the status of the aquatic environment in the Świerszcz Basin in the Roztocze National Park. Within the framework of the measuring programs (conducted in 2011-2015) we performed F2 groundwater and H1 river and indicator studies conducted in 2014-2015, chemical analyses of major cations, anions, micronutrients, and analyses ofselected physical characteristics of groundwater and surface waters. Due to the exceedances of NO3, PO4, Tl, Se, Mo and Al concentrations in the water from springs and wells during the indicator surveys, it was assessed to require purification. The high levels o NO3 and PO4 testify to the effect of anthropoprotection, while the high content of the remaining components is most probably due to natural geochemical processes.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2017, 65, 11/2; 1319--1328
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Warunki występowania i migracji WWA w utworach czwartorzędowych w rejonie składowiska odpadów przemysłowych „Zielona” w Bydgoszczy
    Occurrence and migration of PAHs in Quaternary deposits in the area of the “Zielona” industrial waste dump in Bydgoszcz (northern Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Pierri, D.
    Czop, M.
    Borczak, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075755.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    Zakłady Chemiczne
    Zachem
    zanieczyszczenie wód podziemnych
    węglowodory aromatyczne
    WWA
    Bydgoszcz
    Chemical Works
    groundwater contamination
    PAH migration
    Bydgoszcz city
    Opis:
    The "Zielona ” industrial waste dump in the former "Zachem ” Chemical Plant in Bydgoszcz city is an active source of contamination of organic and inorganic substances directly related to the complex production profile of plants. A TOC concentration o f 1,600 mg/dm3 has been found in the waste dump area. Inorganic substances occur also at very high concentrations, mainly Cl- (up to 11,000 mg/dm3) and SO42-(over 7,800 mg/dm3). Specific groundwater contaminants include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have been found in all 13 piezometers around the waste dump. Concentrations of PAHs in the "Zielona ” waste dump range from <0.08 μg/dm3 to 19.10 μg/dm3, with a geometric mean of 1.08 μg/dm3. Approximately 85÷90% of total PAHs is naphthalene detected over the region at the highest concentration of 16.2 μg/dm3. Three-ring compounds, such as: acenaften (max 1.19 μg/dm3), anthracene (0.219 μg/dm3), phenanthrene (0.650 μg/dm3) and fluorescence (0.802 μg/dm3); as well as four-ring compounds, such as: pyrene (0.14 μg/dm3), chrysene (0.042 μg/dm3), benzo(a)anthracene (0.045 μg/dm3) and strongly carcinogenic fluoranthene at a very high level of 2.76 μg/dm3 have been identified in the research area. The rate of migration of PAHs in soil and water environment in the "Zielona ” industrial waste dump area is very small. Therefore, PAHs occur only near the source at a distance of about 100÷200 m from it. Furthermore, numerical hydrogeological modeling indicates that sorption takes place in a non-specific manner.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2017, 65, 11/1; 1144--1148
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Znaczenie częściowych równowag chemicznych w kształtowaniu chemizmu wód podziemnych w systemach krzemianowych strefy wietrzenia
    The importance of partial chemical equilibrium for the formation of groundwater chemistry in silicate systems of the weathered zone
    Autorzy:
    Dobrzyński, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074527.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    skład chemiczny wód podziemnych
    poziom równowagi chemicznej
    modelowanie geochemiczne
    wtórne fazy mineralne
    allofany
    koloidy glinokrzemianowe HAS
    groundwater chemistry
    partial chemical equilibrium
    geochemical modelling
    secondary aluminosilicate phases
    allophanes
    hydroxyaluminosilicate colloids (HAS)
    Opis:
    Partial chemical equilibrium plays an important role in geochemical systems. In the short turn-over time zone of hydrogeological systems, the conditions for the full chemical equilibrium amongst groundwaters, mineral phases and gases are rarely fulfilled. In these systems, partial chemical equilibrium is often responsible for controlling activity of solutes. Examples of partial chemical equilibrium with secondary phases in silicate systems of the weathered zone are given, and the role of metastable and stable secondary silicate solids is discussed.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2007, 55, 6; 460-466
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13

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